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I 


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1  2  3 


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d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

A 


SMITHSONIAN  CONTIUUUTIONS  TO  KNOWLKDGE. 

— —     146 


METEOROLOGICAL    OBSERVATIONS 


A  II  C  TIC    S  E  A  S 


BY 


SIR  FRANCIS  LEOPOLD  M'CLLNTOCK,  R.N. 


MADE  ON  DOAUD  TUE  ARCTIC  SKARCIIINn  VACIIT  ..FOX,"  IN  BAFFIN  BAY  AXI.  PUISCE 
UliUJiNT'S  1M,ET,  IN  1837,  ISOS,  AND  IS6U 


UEDUCED  AND  DISCUSSED, 

AT  THE  EXPENSE  OF  TUB  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 
»  BT 

Cll  A  RLES  A.  SCIIOTT, 

ASSISTANT  U.  S.  COAST  SUIIVKV. 


[ACCEPTED    FOR    rr  BI,  K' ATIOR  ,     AI'KII,,    1  P  (i  ]  .  ] 


C0I.I.IN8,    PIUNTEU. 
FHILADELPIIIA. 


I 


CONTENTS. 


List  of  Ii.i.ustratiovs 
Preface 


PAnR 
V 

vii 


J'AKT  I.— T  EM  PER  A  TURKS 
Record  and  discussion  af  the  temperature 
Tabulation  of  record 

Discussion  of  tlie  annual  variation  of  the  temperature  of  the  air 
Discussion  of  the  diurnal  variation  of  the  temperature  of  the  air 
Table  of  hourly  values  of  the  variation  of  temperature 
<'onnection  of  the  lunar  phases  with  the  changes  of  temperature 
Effect  of  the  winds  on  the  atmospheric  temperature 
Temperature  of  the  soil  ... 
Temperature  of  tlie  sea    . 

Table  of  monthly  means  of  temperature  registered  by  modern  Arctic  expeditions,  I.y'fnptain 
McCJintook 


3* 
1 

is 
22 
2;i 
27 
2S 
30 
32 

3fi 


Part  II.— WINDS. 

Record  and  diseu.ssion  of  the  direction  and  force  of  the  wind-Introdudory  ren.ark.s 

Record  of  the  observations 

Jlethod  of  reduction       ... 

Average  velocity  of  the  residting  wind   .... 

Average  velocity  of  the  winds    .... 

Relative  frequency  of  the  winds  . 

Relative  cpiantity  of  air  passed  over  the  place  of  ol)scrvalion 

Rotation  of  the  winds      . 

Occnrrenre  and  dnration  of  storms 


Part  II  I.— ATMOSPHERIC    PRESSURE. 

Record  and  reduction  of  the  observations  for  atmospheric  pressure-Introductory  remarks 
Record  of  the  ol)servntions 

Comparison  of  the  readings  of  the  aneroid  and  mercurial  barometers 
Resulting  moan  4.hourly  and  mean  monthly  readings  of  the  mercurial  barometer  in  the  months 
of  .September,  l.sr.7,  and  February  and  April,  isns  .  ,  .  , 


3!) 

40 

f)2 

CO 

07 

0!l 

70 

71 

73 


70 
81 
99 

100 


IV 


CUNTKNTS 


Diurnal  Vfiriation  of  ihp  atmosplicric  prrssiire 

Annual  variation  of  the  atmnHplicric  pressure     .  .  , 

Diurnal  extremes 

Monthly  and  annual  extremes  .... 

Relation  of  the  atmospherir  pressure  to  the  direction  of  the  wind 


101 
104 
106 
106 
lOT 


APPENDIX 

Kecord  of  the  weather  kei)t  on  board  the  Yacht  "Fox,"  from  July  2,  1857,  to  September  18, 
1859;  with  notes  of  the  speciOc  gravity  of  sea  water,  on  the  state  of  the  ico,  appcnrance 
of  animals,  etc.  etc. ;  on  the  aurora  borealis  and  ntmosphcric  phenomena      .  .  .Ill 

Tabulation  of  auroras,  widi  observations  and  notes,  by  Dr.  Dnvid  Walker  .  .  .     146 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 

Chart  showing  the  tracks  of  the  yacht  "Fox"  in  the  Arctic  regions  under  command  of  Ca^,. 
tain  (now  Sir)  Francis  L.  Al'Clintock,  R.  N.,  1857-185!).  Xcwly  projected  for  tiie 
Smithsonian  Institution,  by  Charles  A.  Sciiott,  Assistant  TJ.  S.  Coast  Survey,  ISfil. 
Scale  1  :  15,000,000.     (Frontispiere.) 


I'AilF 


Figure  A, 

Figure  B. 
Figure  C. 
Figure    1. 

Figure  2. 
Figure  3. 
Figures  4- 
Figure  9. 
Figure  10. 
Figure  11. 
Figure  12. 


WOODCUTS. 

Diagram  showipg  the  annual  fluctuation  of  llic  temperature  of  the  air  at  Furl 

Kennedy  .  .  , 

Diagram  sliowing  the  diurnal  amplitude  of  tlie  temperature 
Diagram  showing  the  diurnal  variation  of  the  temperature 
Diagram  showing  tlie  mean  velocity  of  the  winds  in  Uaffln's  Day,  at  Port  Ken 

ncdy,  and  at  Van  Rensselaer's  I'l'bor   .... 
Diagram  showing  the  relative  fre.,  „„  y  of  the  winds  at  the  same  places  . 
Diagram  showing  relative  quantity  of  air  passed  over  at  the  same  places  . 
-8.  Diagrams  illustrating  five  storms  at  ISafTin's  Ray  .        7 } 

Diagram  showing  the  diurnal  variation  of  atmospheric  pressure  in  RnlTin'.-;  Hn'- 
Diagram  showing  the  same  for  Port  Kennedy 
Diagram  showing  a  halo  and  purnselenii',  Deccnilier  4,  1S57 
Diagram  of  a  halo,  March  7,  1S5S 


21 

24 

2(i 

CS 

70 

71 

.  75,  70 

103 

104 

lit) 

123 

I'  UK  I- ACE. 


Thk  following  s,.ri.s  of  rchicvd  motcoroloKiral  obsorvutions  have  be.n  prrparoci 
hum  Uw  RTonls  kept  on  hoard  t\w  yacht  "Fox,"i,.   ls-,7, '-.S,  'M    dnrin!'  fhr 

M^;!n;R.r"  °'  ''^ '"""  "■'"''"-'  """^••-  '"'•  -"'--"'«'•  ^■''•' 

The  records  of  those  observations  were  presente.l  by  the    commander  of  the 
rxpod.t.on  to  the  Institution,  to  be  used  in  such  manner  as  mi-d.t  be  .leen.ed 
best  smted  to  advance  the  science  of  meteorology.     They  were  acan.lin.Iv  placed 
.n  the  hands  of  Mr.  Charles  A.  Schott,  of  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey,  to  be  .lie  ,sse 
in  accordance  w.th  the  plan  proposed  by  Sir  John  llerschel  in  hi's  work  on  meteor- 

0  ofjy,  an.l  whuh  was  adopted  in  regard  to  the  records  made  during  the  ^■ova..c.  of 
Dr  Kane  ,n  the  Arctic  regions.  These  reductions  form  a  part  of  a  series  of  uSch. 
on  the  climatology  of  the  Arctic  portions  of  the  North  American  continent  ich 
^•e  in  the  course  of  preparation  and  publication  by  the  Smithsonian  Inst  tl 

Of  these  the  mveshgations  relative  to  the  winds  of  th..  Nortnern  Hemisphere,  bv 

t  is  l'T\        f,f  "'^^'""^  ^y  ^''-  J^'^"^"'  ^^^^  those  by  Dr.  Hayes,  ftnm  portimi^ 

1  to  be  hoped  that  an  opportunity  will  be  afforde.l  for  a  thorough  discussion  of 
a  1  the  observations  which  have  been  made  by  the  different  Arctic'explore      on  a 
similar  plan,  smce  such  a  work  would  not  only  throw  much  light  on  the  climatolo-n 
of  the  continent  of  North  America,  but  also  on  the  meteorology  of  the  gloTe       '' 

n.Ja;i,^'lr;r?  '""'  "T""*  1  '•^r  ^'^^''^^"^  "^  "  ^^^^  ^"^•"  ^-"l-il-l  from  the 
.  -M.atue  of  the  commander,  and  other  sources,  will  perhaps  l,e  of  service  in  ren 

e ling  the  o  .orvauons  more  easily  understood,  as  well  as  ^f  interest  to  tLo  ^        i 

made  :!1  '  ''''''  ''  ''"  """'"   ''"'^"^  ^^''^^'^  ''^'  compilation  has  been 

Sir  John  Franklin  was  appointc.  in  1845  to  the  command  of  an  expedition 
consisting  of  two  ships,  the  Urdus  and  Terror,  fitted  out  for  a  furth  ■  r  aSm       to 


Now  Sic  Francis  Lfopold  McCliritock, 


VI  u 


It  KI'ACK, 


l.iitly  iTiiiiklin  look  I  lie  Itiul,  and  by  hrr  unwcnriod  labors  niul  sacrifircs  aroused 
the  syinpafliy  of  tli(>  whole  civilized  world.  Aid  was  oli'ered  by  Franco  ami  even  by 
Tasniania.  Citizens  of  tlie  I'liited  States  rei>li('d  to  Iier  tail  by  e<niii>i>inf,'  two 
expeditions,  the  expense  of  which  was  principally  borne  by  Mr.  Henry  (jiriauell, 
of  New  York. 

In  Anf,nist,  iSoO,  traces  of  the  niissinf,'  explorers  were  discovered,  wIk  re  they  had 
spent  tiieir  first  winter,  bnt  no  further  tidings  were  obtained  until  the  spring  of 
iM'j-t,  when  Dr.  Uae,  of  the  Hudson's  15ay  Company,  ascertained  that  they  had 
been  seen  by  the  Estjuimaux  on  the  west  coast  of  King  \N'illiani's  Island,  in  the 
spring  of  IS')(),  and  it  was  thought  that  they  had  all  died  on  an  estuary  of  the  great 
Fish  Kivtr.  Tlie  attempt,  in  18")"),  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company  to  explore  this 
river  resulted  in  obtaining  but  little  additional  information,  and  a  few  relics  from 
the  Esquimaux. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  I.ady  Franklin,  wjui  had  previously  sent  out  three  ex- 
peditious at  her  own  expense,  again  earnestly  urged  Uie  renewal  of  the  seardi,  that 
the  fate  of  licr  husband  and  his  companions  miglit  not  be  left  in  uncertainty,  and 
in  the  spring  of  IH'jT  commenced  the  preparations  for  another  expedition  as  a  final 
effort  to  trace  "the  footste])s  of  these  gallant  men  in  their  last  journey  upon  earth," 
and,  if  possible,  to  rescue  from  entire  loss  some  of  tb.'j  scientific  results  for  which 
they  had  sacrificed  their  lives. 

The  small  steamer  F'ox,  of  177  tons  burthen,  was  purchased  for  the  service,  and 
hady  Franklin  was  highly  gratified  in  obtaining  the  willing  service  of  Captain 
INI'Cliutock  as  commander  of  the  expedition.  This  officer  had  signally  distin- 
guished himself  in  the  .voyages  of  Sir  James  lloss  and  Admiral  Austin,  and  espe- 
cially in  his  extensive  journeys  on  the  ice  when  associated  with  Captain  Kellctt. 

The  voyagers  sailed  from  Aberdeen,  July  1st,  1807,  and  after  a  favorable  run 
across  the  Atlantic,  passed  Cape  Farewell,  tlic  southern  point  of  Greenland,  on  the 
Kith,  and  arrived  at  Fred(>ricshaab  on  the  19th  of  the  same  month.  After  stopping 
to  take  in  coal  at  Waigat,  they  reached  Upernavik,  the  most  northerly  of  the 
Danish  stations  in  Gi'ccnland,  and  then  bore  away,  on  the  Gth  oi  August,  directly 
westward  for  the  purpose  of  crossing  Baffin's  15ay;  bnt,  on  the  evening  of  the  8th, 
their  progress  in  that  direction  was  stopped  by  impenetrable  ico.in  Latitude  72° 
W  and  Longitude  5i)°  50'  west.  They  then  steered  northward  with  the  hope  of 
finding  a  passage  westward  in  a  higher  latitude,  but  in  this  they  were  disappointed, 
and,  on  the  l!)th  of  August,  became  entangled  in  the  ice,  and  thus  remained  two 
hundred  and  forty-two  days,  until  April,  1858.  During  this  period,  the  "F^x" 
drifted  from  Latitude  75°  north  and  liongitude  62°  west,  eleven  hundred  and  ninety- 
four  geographical  miles  in  a  southerly  direction,  almost  to  the  lower  extremity  of 
Greenland.     (Sec  the  accompanying  map.) 

On  the  2Gth  of  April,  the  ice  suddenly  and  almost  entirely  disappeared ;  the  ship 
was  again  headed  northward  for  another  attempt,  and  arrived  on  the  lOth  of  June 
in  Melville  Bay.  They  then  again  steered  westward  across  Baffin's  Bay,  and, 
finally,  entered  Lancaster  Sound  in  the  beginning  of  August.  They  next  sailed 
westerly  and  southerly  until  they  reached  the  Longitude  of  !)()°  west,  and  about 
Latitude  T6°  north.     F'rom  this  point,  they  returned  eastward  through  Barrow's 


I'UKFACE 


^ 


Straits,  which  thry  found  clear  of  ice,  nnd  wont  southrrly  down  I'lincc  Ui.«c.nt\s 
Inh-t  to  tho  mouth  of  «,.ll„t  h..ait8,  whore  they  arrived  on  the  20th  of  August,  and 
near  wluelj  they  were  destined  to  remain  for  more  th.n  a  year 

Hellot  Strait,  whieh  ,s  near  l,atitude  72^  north,  is  tho  water  commuuieation 
between  1  nnoo  Rupert'^  Inlet  and  that  part  of  tho  western  sea  now  known  as 
lianklm  Channel.  It  separates  tho  extreme  northern  part  of  the  continent  of 
Nor  h  Amenea,  or  Jootlua  Fc-lix,  from  North  Somersc>t.  Tl...  shores  of  this  strait 
are  faced  in  many  places  with  lofty  granite  clifls,  and  son.e  of  tho  adjacent  hills  rise 
to  fifteen  or  sixteen  hundred  foot  ahove  the  level  of  tho  sea.  Through  this  channel 
.the  tulo  runs  at  the  rate  of  six  or  seven  knots  an  hour,  and  also  fn-rp.ent  .tormy 
winds  blow  from  the  west  which  probably  affect  the  local  meteorology  of  the 
country  'inmodiately  around  tho  eastern  ontraneo 

At  tho  tir.o  of  the  arrival  of  the  expedition,  this  strait  was  choked  up  with 
masses  of  ,co,  but  as  tho  season  advanced  those  obstacles  so  far  gave  way  that  tho 
voyagers  were  enabled  to  work  tho  ship  through  t  Mo  western  outlet.  13ut  beyond 
Ins  point  they  wore  unable  to  advance  further  in  tho  same  direction,  and  on  accou^ 
of  the  exposed  position  they  wore  obliged  to  return  and  seek  for  safer  winte 
quarters.     Iheso  they  found  near  tho  eastern  entrance  of  the  strait  in  a  cZmo 

tr^TfVT'.  I'^f  ^-"--')-     At  this  place  they  remained  fro"en  n^Z 
the  27th  of  September,  1858,  until  tho  Oth  ot  August   1859 

Early  in  tho  spring,  three  exploring  parties  sot  out  from  Port  Kennedy  in  dif-' 
kuent  directions,  severally  under  tho  command  of  Captain  M'Clintock    C  pt     . 
Young  and  Lieutcaant  Ilobson.     Tho  routes  travorsei  by  these  purtic  '  in  h 

ijooinia  .cJix,  and   the   entire  circumference  of  Kin"  AVilliam's  1  in,l      'i'i,„c 
«,.«■«.■„,„  f„„,i,W  importan.  „,„n,i„„,  ,„  ,„,  „,„  „°f  X,'    "^    ^'^       - 

companions.    On  tUo  western  coast  of  King  wuii„,„.s  i,,„„,,  ,„       ,     ..  " 

Irom  tins  record,  the  following  fects  wore  obtaincl,  namely,  the  Franklin  Expo 

Ifter  Z       r  ''°""','"'  "'"'"■'"  "y  P-"-«°"  °f  «--  ■™ai»«l  abo^  ,X 
k^     11  mcosumbly  .,tt,uned,  Ihc  oxiJorers  in  the  Vox  waited  for  the  advanc,. 


T'REFACK. 


of  the  season  to  be  released  I'roin  the  ice,  but  though  the  summer  at  Port  Kennedy 
was  a  warm  one,  they  were  not  able  to  move  before  the  9th  of  August.  At  this 
time  they  commenced  their  homeward  voyage  and  arrived  at  Portsmouth  on  the 
23d  of  September  following. 


During  the  whole  time  of  the  exploration  of  "the  Fox,"  a  regular  series  of  obser- 
vations was  made  upon  the  temperature,  the  pressure  and  movements  of  the  atmos- 
l)here,  as  well  as  upon  the  variations  of  the  elements  of  terrestrial  magnetism,  the 
tides,  &c. 

The  meteorological  observations  were  under  the  care  of  Dr.  David  Walker,  of 
Belfast,  and  were  made  at  ecjual  intervals  of  time  during  day  and  night.  In  winter 
they  were  generally  taken  at  intervals  of  two  hours ;  and  in  summer  of  four  hours. 
Occasionally,  there  are  found  some  irregularities  in  the  time  of  observation,  and 
omissions  noted  in  the  records,  but  these  are  of  rare  occurrence,  and  are  corrected 
approximately  in  the  reductions. 

The  reductions  have  been  made  at  the  expense  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
by  Mr.  Schott,  whose  previous  labors  in  the  reduction  of  the  observations  of  Dr. 
Kane  have  met  with  general  approval. 

The  scries  of  observations  is  divided  into  three  parts,  relating  to  the  followipg 
subjects,  namely : — 

1.  The  temperature. 

•i.  The  direction  and  force  of  the  winds. 

-i.  The  pressure  of  the  atmosphere. 

To  these  are  added,  in  an  appendix,  miscellaneous  phenomena,  such  as  the  face 
of  the  sky,  appearance  of  plants  and  animals,  auroras,  "(fee. 

The  following  remarks  relative  to  the  observations  are  from  communications 
addressed  by  Captain  M'Clintock  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution : — 

"  I  have  much  pleasure  in  transmitting  to  you  the  meteorological  records  of  my 
whole  voyage  in  the  Fox.  I  have  had  my  two-hourly  observations  for  the  tempe- 
rature and  pressure  of  the  air  reduced  according  to  the  method  adopted  in  Kane's 
observations,  but  they  have  not  been  published  in  any  book,  nor  do  I  think  they 
will  be,  the  time  required  and  the  expense  being  an  objection.  Admiral  Fitzroy 
has  published  in  the  fourth  number  of  the  Meteorological  Papers  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  a  part  of  my  observations  [the  temperature  for  noon,  the  face  of  the  sky, 
and  tin;  specific  gravity  of  sea  water,  &c.,  without  reduction],  which  I  fear  will  not 
be  sufficient  for  your  purpose.  You  are  at  full  liberty  to  make  any  use  you  may 
think  fit  of  the  observations,  and  should  you  deem  thorn  worthy  of  publication,  it 
would  afford  me  much  pleasure." 

"  I  think  :;  better  to  send  the  whole  record  than  to  make  extracts  which  would 
increase  the  chance  of  error  and  perhaps  not  be  sufficient  after  all.  You  will  thus 
be  able  to  trace  my  drift  down  Baffin's  Bay  and  Davis'  Straits  and  to  compare  it 
with  De  Haven's  drift. 

"My  magneticul   observations    are   in  the  hands  of  General  Sabine.     In  the 


I 


PREFACE. 


XI 


apppiidix  of  tho  spcond  pdition  of  my  narrative,  now  pultlislicd,  yon  will  sec  an 
aiticlo  oil  the  Tides,  as  also  one  upon  the  Geology,  by  I'lofessor  Ilaughton. 
Observations  upon  Halos,  &c.,  with  the  Polariscope,  have  been  sent  to  Professor 
Stokes;  a  series  of  earth  temperatures,  to  Dr.  Jos.  Hooker,  of  Kcw  Botanic  Gardens, 
as  also  the  specimens  of  dried  and  living  plants.  Natural  history  specimens  have 
also  been  made  over  to  scientific  friends  of  tlie  Expedition,  my  sole  object  being, 
to  render  our  labors  subservient  to  scientific  ends,  and  with  the  least  possibl(> 
delay." 

"  I  quite  agree  with  Kane's  remarks  as  to  the  increase  of  cold  during  full  moon. 
The  fact  was  noticed  as  far  back  as  1829-30,  by  Sir  John  Ross,  in  the  Victory. 

"  I  also  agree  with  you  in  opinion  that  the  apparent  quantity  of  ozone  depends 
upon  the  velocity  of  tlie  air  which  has  free  access  to  the  box  containing  the  pre- 
]»ared  paper." 

"  I  likewise  think  that  when  you  have  fully  examined  my  data  now  in  your  posses, 
sion  you  w"'  'i  a  great  measure  subscribe  to  my  opinion  as  to  the  ice-movement 
[as  connecu ..  with  the  wind].  I  referred  in  my  letter  only  to  the  winter  move- 
ments of  the  ice  when  there  is  no  discharge  of  water  whatever  from  the  land,  and 
when  the  precipitation  in  the  northern  regions  is  reduced  to  its  minimum.  The 
Barrow  Strait  stream  is  almost  lost  in  the  vast  expanse  of  Baffin's  Bay,  but  its  line 
is  tolerably  well  indicated  by  De  Haven's  drift.  The  entire  current  which  brings 
such  quantities  of  ice  round  Cape  Farewell,  and  up  to  about  65°  N.,  appears  to  be 
deflected  off  shore  to  the  westward  by  banks  which  lie  in  about  the  latitude  of  67°. 
It  sweeps  very  swiftly  past  Cape  Walsingham,  curvr;s  southward,  and  having  united 
with  Barrow  Strait  current  continues  its  course  do\Nu»vard  along  the  Labrador 
coast;  so  that  the  labrador  current  is  not  due,  in  my  opinion,  so  much  to  v^l  r 
flowing  from  the  upper  part  of  Baffin's  Bay  as  to  tlio  Arctic  current  which  sets 
around  Cai>e  Farewell  from  the  East." 

"The  long  drift  of  the  Terror  through  Hudson's  Straits  in  1836-37  appears  to 
me  to  be  another  instance  of  the  effect  of  wind  upon  the  ice,  as  in  this  case  it  does 
not  seem  possible  that  any  considerable  current  could  always,  that  is  to  say  all 
winter,  set  out  of  Hudson's  Bay.  But  it  is  my  anxious  endeavor  to  bring  to  light 
facts  instead  of  advancing  hypotheses,  and  I  do  know  from  repeated  observations 
in  the  Fox,  in  1837,  and  in  H.  M.  S.  Bulldog  during  the  past  summer,  that  the 
Arctic  currents  [from  around  Cape  Farewell]  flow  northward  along  the  coast  of 
Greenland— off  F  Jerickshaab,  for  instance,  at  from  eighteen  to  twenty-four 
miles  daily,  and  that  West  India  seeds  have  been  borne  by  it  as  far  north  as 
Egedesminde,  which  is. in  about  68°  of  north  latitude.  Our  observations,  there- 
fore,  upon  the  volume  of  water  setting  out  of  Baffin's  Bay  [on  the  west  side]  should 
not  be  extended  south  of  this  point  without  making  considerable  allowance  for  the 
current  wliich  flows  around  Cape  Farewell,  and  northward  up  the  coast." 

In  one  of  his  communications.  Captain  M'Clintock  states  that  the  beams  of  the 
aurora  were  most  frequently  seen  in  the  direction  of  open  water,  or  else  in  that  of 
places  where  vapor  was  rising.  In  some  cases,  patches  of  light  could  be  plainly 
seen  a  few  feet  above  a  small  mass  of  vapor  over  an  opening  in  the  ice.  This 
observation  is  in  accordance  with  a  deduction  from  an  examination  of  a  large  number 


Xll 


TREFACK 


of  not,rr.s  of  tlio  aurora  in  tl.o  voyages  of  Arctic  explorations  by  Potor  Force  E.n 
of  ^\aslnngton;  published  in  Vol.  VIII.  of  Smithsoniar,  Contributions  (  n  IsJcn 
namely,  "that  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  other  open  water,  the  aurora  is  1  t  ^ 
quent  and  most  bnlliant."     These  facts  would  appear  to  favor  the  hypothS  that 
a,rora  displays  arc  due  to  electrical  discharges  between  the  air  and  tl  reart     s  no 

"Ict-:^^^^^^  ""'''  ^'  ■''-'  ''   l^'^^"^'  ''^  '"^^'-^"P*^'*  ^y  ^  «^-tum  of'  non! 

slott  onT^'r'"?  .T"^'  '"  '""''?''  '^'  '"^"^^  '^  '^'  *°-^'  i«  drawn  by  Mr. 
Schott  on  the  plan  of  the  projection  known  as  the  polyconic,  which  is  a  develop- 

nient  of  the  earth  s  surface  on  cones  tangent  to  each  parallel  of  latitude ;  the  radius 
be.ng  the  distance  between  the  arc  of  the  parallel  and  the  earth's  axis 

loints  of  intersection  of  the  parallels  and  the  meridians  are,  according  to  Mr 
Srhot     read,  ,y  computed  by  substitution  in  the  following  formula-,  in  which  .r  ancj 

L,  and  iV  the  normal  ending  at  the  polar  axis. 

x  =  NcosL{n  —  "'  sin- L  +  .  .  .) 

fj  =  N  cos  L  ('J  sin  X  —  ^  sin'  L  +  .  r.) 

This  projection  is  used  in  the  United  States  Coast  Survey,  and  is  described  in 
tlie  Report  of  the  Superintendent,  Dr.  Bache,  for  1859,  Appendix,  33. 


Smithsonian  Institution, 

WAsniNOTON,  Pcccnibpr,  ISOii. 


JOSEPH  HENRY, 

Secretary  S.  T. 


■M 


PART   I. 


TEMPERATURES. 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION  OF  TEMPERATURES. 


The  registers  lierewith  presented  include  observations  extending  over  twenty- 
seven  months,  and  amount  to  a  total  number  of  upwards  of  seven  thousand.  The 
time  is  given  in  civil  reckoning,  and  the  latitude  and  longitude  refer  to  noon  each 
day  (unless  otherwise  stated).  All  necessary  explanations  are  contained  in  the 
notes  accompanying  the  tables  in  which  the  observations  are  given. 

The  following  statement  is  made  in  the  preface  to  the  Record :  The  registering 
thermometers  were  frequently  compared  with  the  standard  thermometers  supplied 
from  Kew  Observatory,  and  may  be  considered  as  free  from  sensible  error.  The 
corrections  were  deduced  from  the  following  table,  furnished  by  Captain  McClin- 
tock : — 


"A  Table  bhowino  the  CoMrAnisoNS  op  Six  Ther.mometeks,  made  at  Different  Temi'eratuhes, 

ON  BOAKD  THE  YacHT  FoX. 

The  Kew  Standards  were  most  beautiful  instruments,  too  valuable  to  leave  exposed.  Newman's,  being  filled  with 
colored  spirit,  were  more  easily  read  off  during  winter.  No.  IC  having  been  used  in  1850-51,  enables  ua  to 
compare  the  temperatures  of  tliat  winter  with  those  of  the  Fox. 


TlIEnMOHETERS 
COMl'ABED. 

.a 

s. 

it 

li 

li 

ll 

to 

3" 

1" 
'-■1 

ii 

ii 

if 

aj 

1 
.1 

gi 
■a 

1 

d 

Kew  standard          J 
(mercury),  No.  19 

21.7 

+ 
2.4 

0.4 

10.4 

12.7 

13.0 

14.1    15.2 

24.0    29.2 

33.8    36.3    37.3 

39.7 

— 

— 

— 

34.7 

Kow  Standard 

(whiteiip'it),No.8 

21.3 

2.2 

0.4 

10.8  12.9 

13.4 

14.2    10.0 

24.9    .iO.O 

i          t 
31.8    37.0    38.5    40.8 

41.0    41.3 

48.5:36.31 

Kew  Standard          j 
(whitesp'it),No.6  f 

21.1 

2.2 

0.3 

10.5  12.7 

13.1 

14.0    15.5 

24.7    30.0 

34.5    37.3    38.4    40.T 

40.9,41.2    48.0    35.81 

Newman  (colored    J 
spirit),  No.  11' 

21.3 

3.0 

1.1 

10.7  12.7 

12.8 

14.0  :  15.2 

i 
24.0    29.2 

34.1 

,  , 

37.7 

39.1 

39.3 '40.1 

46.0 

.15.7 

Newman  (colored    \ 
spirit),  No.  7' 

21.8 

3.7 

11.9 

.  .     15.2 

24.2;    .. 

,    . 

36.3 

37.5 

38.8 

38.9    39.5 

.•i6.3 

Newman  (colored 
spirit),  No.  16"       / 

20.8 

3.0 

1.4 

11.8  13.5 

1 

13.4 

15.2    16.5 

25.5    30.6 

39.6    40.4 

1 

1 
40.7,41.3 

47.8 

37.9 

'  This  thermometer  was  used  throughout  the  winter  of  1857-58  ns  the  "registering  tliermometer"— 
sul)seq\iently  broken. 

»  Tiiis  thermometer  was  used  from  Scptemlwr,  1858,  to  August,  18.')9.     It  has  been  brouglit  home. 

=  Tiiis  tliermometer  was  used  on  board  U.  M.  S.  Assistance,  ut  Uriflith's  Island,  during  the  winter  of 
1850-51 ;  has  been  brought  home. 


;| 


4*  RECOllD   AND   DISCUSSION   OP   TEMPEllATUllKS. 

i^l^l  ^''"'""'^  ^*^'  ^^^^'  "'"  '"'^'■'""^^  «t^"d^'-d  No.  19  fell  steadily  to  -40°  «>  • 

tl   n  the  me.-cury  appeared  to  freeze,  and  descended  into  the  bulb     Had  t^!tem 

been  gradua  ed  down  to  the  neck  of  the  bulb,  it  would  then  have  ndicated  -TO^ 

teturtl  il  """?  '".'^'  "P  '"^  '  «"^^"  *-""be  remained  fluid     Two  oL 

oTer  t    i-^^0^^^^^^  ^'''''  i-trument.)  were  exposed;  one  fell  to -^2°    h 

t  ken  0  a  d  stan;e  from  tZf '"'' JT  1*  of  observations ;  the  thermometers  ;ere 

T.k  n!  T  P..      ?  "P'  ^"'^  ^'"''^  suspended  at  Ave  feet  above  the  snow  " 

Taking  the  mean  of  the  three  Kew  standards  Nos  19  8  nnrl  a  „    i  ^" 

the  same  with  the  readings  of  Newman,  Nos  11  and  7  w4ltain  th^Hr""^ 

corrections  to  each  of  the  registering  thermometers^-    '  "  '^'  ^""'^''^"^ 


S     IS'' 


I 


Moan  of  Nos.  19,  J  '    ,  J  „  „ 
8,  and  6  r^'''     2.3 

Corr'n  to  New-  )  '  i  «  J     «  - 
man,  No.  U       j-.+O.!— 0.7 

Corr'n  to  New-  j  I    „  ,' 
man,  No.  7         J-.— 0.4— 1,4 


g«5 


0.4 
+0.7 


10.6  '  12.8 


13.2 


3  :  enu 


S2 


14.1    15.6 1 24.5    29.7^34.4    36  9   38.1 
+0.1_0.l'-0.4-O.I_0.4_0.5-0.5Lo.3'   ..    Lo,4 


fi 


^3 


—1.3 


—0.4  —0.3, 


—0.6  —0.8 


40.4 


41.0    41.2 


48.2 


js^ 


35.6 


-1.3-1.7-l.lL2.2'+0.i 


—1.6-2.1  —1.7 


+0.7, 


appt"  t:- '°'  "  *""  ""'  ""  '"""""'^  ™"  -™«-  «y  p^p^ri,  be 

For  thermometer,  Newman  No.  11,  used  in  winter  1857-58- 

Between      0°  and  —39°,  _oo  o 

"      -39      "    -48,  -1,6^ 

For  thermometer,  Newman  No.  7,  used  from  Sept.  1858  to  Ang.  1859- 

Between      0°  and  —39°,  _o°  5 

"     -39      "    -48,  -1.8 

of  the  Meteorological  Re^rTn  the  fourth  ri  f  ^'  "  ''^'""^  ^''"^  ?"  ^ 

authority  of  the  Board  of'Sade?-  "°'^'''  °^  '^'  ^^^^^^  P"^"«^«^  J^^ 


Newman,    No.  16, 

Pastorelli,  No.  19, 

No,  23. 


Spirit  Tubrmomkters. 

Corrections  at 


32° 
-fO.5 
+  1.9 
+  0.7 


62° 
+  0.7 
+  1.2 
+  0.3 


72° 
+  0.4 
+  0.1 
—0.2 


Compared  at  Kew,  Nov.  1859. 


I 


RECORD  AND  D  I  S  C  U  S  S I  0  X  0  F  T  E  M  P  E  R  A  T  U  R  E  8. 


5* 


( 

MeKCUIUAL  TlIEHMO.METERb 

Cdrrbctioss  at 

42° 

(i2-' 

U>>0 

Negretti 

A  4it9, 

—0.1 

—0.1 

—0.2 

11 

500, 

0.0 

—0.2 

—0.3 

t 
a 

11 

501, 

— O.l 

—0.2 

—0.3 

s 

11 

502, 

—0.1 

—0.2 

+  0.1 

1"   ^ 

11 

503, 

—0.1 

—0.3 

—0.3 

^ 

11 

504, 

0.0 

—0.2 

-0.3  J 

1 

Negretti, 

A  500, 

—0.;! 

—0.:; 

—0.4 

11 

501, 

—O.I 

—0.4 

—0.4 

tt 

502, 

—0.4 

—0.4 

—0.1 

■  ? 

it 

503, 

—0.4 

—0.5 

—0.4 

•!-> 

11 

504, 

—0.2 

—0.3 

—0.4 

•< 

Compared  at  Kcw,  Feb.  1857. 


Compared  at  Kcw  Observatory. 


The  corrections  in  regard  to  the  barometer  are  exphiincd  in  the  third  part  of  the 
series,  on  page  79. 


Te.mi'Euatuue  of  the  Aiu  in  Siiahe  oitsEiivEit  on  iioauii  the  Vaciit  l'"o.\. 

([ExpreHued  in  degroes  of  Falirenhoit's  scale.) 

July,  18B7. 

Diiy 
of  thu 

1 

41.     1     gh 

i    Nuon.           4>'              8>i 

1 
;  Mi'ln't. 

Mean. 

Doiluped 

iiiciiitb. 

""'"'■     .    '     (lr..c.n«i>-h. 

'            i            1      -      1      - 

I 

ninan. 

1 

]                 Aberiluen 

. .    i    . .    !    . .    *    . .    1 

I 

2 

1        68°  lU' 

.10    ,),-? 

1      .. 

i       .  .       j 

57' 

i 

,  , 

57.2° 

3 

68     56 

4  i.'i 

. , 

1       67° 

1 

67.5 

,  , 

,  , 

57.7 

4 

59     45 

7    Iti 

, , 

54 

,  , 

,     , 

49 

,  . 

. 

52.0 

6 

GO     18 

/    13    49 

, . 

49.6 

,  , 

,     , 

53 

.  . 

51.7 

6 

60       1 

15       1 

53.5 

56° 

6(t° 

56.5 

5.V' 

,  , 

50.1 

7 

60       6 

15    42 

.'J4° 

58 

61 

61 

67 

57 

58.0° 

8 

60     38 

19    20 

69 

59 

69 

59.6 

66 

55 

57.9 

9 

61     17 

26     40 

55 

55 

57 

57 

55 

51 

55.0 

.  \ 

10 

61     10 

28     66 

52 

63 

65 

54 

64 

54 

53.7 

11 

61       3 

32     49 

53 

54 

66 

53 

52 

51 

53.2 

12 

59    ,37 

an   44 

50 

50 

50.5 

60 

48 

47 

49.3 

13 

59     19 

41     38 

46 

48 

48 

4(! 

44 

40 

46.3 

14 

69    24 

■M    48 

44 

40 

44 

47.5 

44 

44 

43.9 

15 

60      6 

48    19 

44 

43 

41.6 

43 

41.5 

41 

42.3 

16 

(To    24 

49    40 

43 

41 

43 

44 

39 

1       41 

41.8 

. 

17, 

61    22 

50     36 

35 

36 

37 

36 

33 

33 

35.0 

.  . 

18 

61    57 

50     11 

32 

32 

34 

35.5 

37 

36 

34.4 

19 

Fredorickshaab 

40 

,     , 

,    , 

,    , 

40.5 

20 

u 

44 

40 

41 

40 

41 

3(i 

40.3 

21 

...                 ... 

36 

41 

43 

43 

,    , 

31 

38.8 

22 

62    26             51      5 

34 

36 

36 

36 

37 

37 

36.8 

2.3 

1 '       ,     Fiskernaea 

38 

41 

42 

64 

49 

45 

44.8 

24 

63    30      1       52    10 

43 

40 

41 

41 

41 

39 

40.8 

25 

j             Off  Goodhaab 

38 

38 

40 

41 

41 

38 

39.3 

2G 

64      7 

■    53     15 

39 

41 

41 

41 

40 

39 

40.2 

27 

!       64    34 

55       0 

40 

38 

40 

39 

30 

38 

38.6 

28 

!       65       1 

65     20 

36 

37 

39 

39.5 

40 

39 

38.4 

29 

i       67    23 

55     30 

38 

39 

38 

42 

39 

39 

39.2 

30 

68     29 

55     12 

38 

42 

42 

41.5 

40 

41 

40.8 

31 

Lievely 

44       j       45 

45 

45 

43 

42 

44.0 

Mean 

62.0                 39.1 

Correction  to  re 

+44.78 

+45.24  1  +46.46 

+47.24 

+45.36 
day  =  — 

+44.20 
0°.03. 

+45.56 

fer  to  mean  from  24  observations  in  a 

August,  1857.                                                            1 

??? 

Latitudo 

Longitude 

of  the 

north. 

west  of 

41, 

8i> 

Noon. 

41, 

8I1 

Midn't. 

Mean. 

month. 

Greenwich. 

1 

1 

In  Disco  Fiord 

42° 

45° 

44° 

44° 

44° 

43° 

+43.7 
45.0 

2 

69°     7'     1       52°  58' 

45 

44 

45 

46 

45 

45 

3 

Off  Issung  Point 

43 

44 

45 

46 

48 

61 

46.2 

4 

At  Rittenbonk 

51 

50 

51 

47 

40 

39 

46.3 

5 

71      7      1       55    25 

38 

39 

41 

43 

40 

40 

40.2 

6 

Off  Upernavik 

41 

,     , 

44 

40 

37 

41.2 

7 

72    42 

58       1 

34 

33 

33 

34 

34 

31 

33.2 

8 

72    34 

69    47 

29 

30 

34 

35 

37.5 

40 

34.2 

9 

73    19 

68    43 

38 

33.5 

35 

34 

34 

34 

34.7 

10 

74    29 

58     38 

36 

35 

36 

33.5 

33 

32 

34.1 

11 

74    45 

59     26 

32 

33 

36 

36 

34 

32 

33.8 

12 

75      6 

59     20 

28 

30 

34 

36 

36 

33 

32.8 

13 

75     11 

69      4 

32.6 

35 

46 

37 

37 

32 

36.6 

14 

75      9 

59     11 

34 

34 

36.5 

37 

38 

33 

35.4 

15 

75      9 

59     11 

33 

35 

39 

30 

34 

32 

34.8 

16 

75      7 

69    29 

31 

34 

36 

36.6 

32 

31 

33.4 

17 

75     10 

61    18 

31 

31 

31 

33.6 

32 

31 

31.6 

18 

75    17 

62      8 

29 

30 

33 

36 

32 

29 

31.3 

19 

75    16 

62    16 

29.5 

30 

34 

31.6 

27 

27 

29.8 

20 

75    17 

.  .  . 

27.5 

29 

30 

31 

29 

28 

29.1 

21 

75    17 

62     16 

28 

29 

32 

35 

33 

31 

31.3 

22 

75    22 

62    41 

30 

31.5 

35 

35.5 

32 

29 

32.2 

23 

75    22 

62    41 

30 

31 

33.5 

33 

33 

27 

31.2 

24 

75    20 

63      9 

25 

27 

30 

31 

27 

26 

27.7 

25 

-  -  - 

... 

23 

28 

34 

35 

34 

34 

31.3 

26 

7'    23 

63    12 

32 

32 

31.5 

32.5 

31.6 

33.6 

32.2 

27       j 

"6 

63    16 

ot 

35 

37 

36 

35 

34 

35.0 

28 

... 

:".,  '< 

35 

34 

35 

34 

33 

34.2 

29       1 

75    26 

63    66 

31 

29 

33 

33 

28 

26 

30.0 

■J(i 

... 

.  .  . 

•24            27 

32.5 

33 

34 

34 

30.7      ' 

31       1 

75    30 

64      4 

32             32.5 

34 

32 

29 

25 

30.8 

Mean    j 

74.0 

59.8 

+33.16    +33.99 

+36.39 

+36.32 

+34.74  j 

+33.31 

ns,  0°.00. 

+34.66 

Correc 

!tion  to  refer  j 

ueau  of  6  observations  to  mean  of  24  c 

jbservatio 

1 


I  If 


1' 


RECORD   AND  REDUCTION 

Tempbuatur.  0,  T,«  A,a  m  S.r.nK  odsbrvbd  on  board  th.  Yaoht  Fox 

(ExprusB,.,!  In  deprfos  of  Knlirenheit'g  scale.) 

September,  1867. 


10" 


Noon. 


i     23° 

21)''. 

5      .  . 

34 

,  , 

35 

2.V5 

,    a 

30 

•2H 

,    , 

29.5 

29 

,    , 

31 

30 

,    , 

32 

24.fi 

,    , 

28.6 

26.5 

,    , 

30 

32 

,    , 

33 

34 

•    , 

33.6 

30.5 

,    , 

33 

23 

.    , 

22 

7 

,    , 

17 

24 

31 

10.5 

10.6 

16.6 

.    , 

22 

3 

.    , 

10 

8 

,    , 

7 

9.5 

15.6 

6 

13 

17 

2,').,') 

27° 

21.6 

17°         17 

17 

19 

l,'-..5        17 

18 

9.6 

10.5 

10 

^?, 

9 

12 

14.6 

11, 

7.6 

11.5 

12 

Vi 

12 

14 

14 

15.5 

10.5 

15 

19.6  1 

21,5 

18 

19 

20 

20.5 

16 

18 

19.a 

18.5 

+lti-75,+18.78 +20.^2+22.07  +23.1b'|+23.10  ■ 
Correotiou  to  refar  to  mean  ofli  observations^ 


Day 

of  the 
month. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
6 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
2lt 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Lat. 
north. 


74°  58' 
74  56 
74  54 
74  52 
74  52 


74  52 

75  18 
75  18 
75  30 
75  33 


October,  1867. 


+20.1tf;+19.63|+18.63i- 
— 0°.04. 


Long. 
west  of 
Green. 


65°  62' 


65     45 
65    42 


21. 


41, 


61' 


75  27 

76  27 

75  22 

75  21 

75  13 


68    40 


+6° 
19 
6 
5.5 
8.5 
—2 
—5 
2 
—3.5 
—3 
—1 
6 
8 
29 
27 
27 
12 
21 
12 
6 

10 
12 
—2 
—3 
-12 
—7 
—7 
— 1 
-13.5 
-10 
-11.5 


+5» 

+2° 

17.5 

17.5 

8 

10 

8 

8 

7.5 

7 

—1 

10 

—6 

—6 

2 

2 

—3 

8 

—3 

—3 

—1 

—A 

9 

9 

7 

9 

29 

28.5 

28 

29.5 

28 

28 

8 

7 

21.5 

19 

11 

9 

7 

9 

10 

12 

11 

9 

—3 

—4 

—6 

—5 

-13 

—9 

—8 

—5.5 

—7 

—6 

— 1 

— 1 

-12 

-12 

-11 

-10 

—9 

-7 

8'' 


10i>     I   Noon. 


211 


41, 


61' 


67.9    I  +4.37  i  +4.31  |  +5.29  j  +6.29 


+13° 

+18° 

;    22 

19 

9.5 

10 

17 

19.5 

12 

12 

17 

13.6 

0 

3 

4 

3.5 

14 

14 

0 

—1.5 

0 

—2 

15.5 

15.5 

8.5 

10 

32 

29 

31 

30 

28 

27 

11 

19 

13 

12 

7 

7 

10.5 

11 

8 

9 

1.5 

4.5 

—8 

—9.5 

—4 

—6 

-2.6 

-3.5 

—7 

—8 

—3 

—3 

0 

-4 

—9 

-10 

—8 

—8 

—4 


+18° 
11.5 
10 
16 
9 
14.5 
4 

4.5 
12.5 
—1.5 
—1 
15.5 
10.5 
26 
27 
26.5 
18.6 
12 
6.6 
10.5 
9 
4 
-11 
—7.6 


—3 

—6 
-11 

—9 

\ 


+18°.6 

8 

5 

16 

3 

13 

1 

4 

10 

-3.5 
~1 
15.5 
18.5 
21 
25 
26 
19 
12 
6 
10 
11.6 
4 
-11 
—9.6 
—8 
—3 
—3 
—8 
—8 
-10 
—6 


S" 


Correction  to  refer  mean  of  12 


, I I 

±^::^^_j\;2^_\nM^.'^h\jf:bM    +6.29 
to  mean  of  24  observations  in  a  day  =  +0°.O2. 


+20° 

12 

3 

12 

1 

3.6 
3 

3.5 
10.5 
—7 
—2 
13 
23 
23 
26 
25 
19 
11 
6.6 
11 
16 
4 
-11 
—9.6 
-10 
—4 
— 1 
-10 
—7 
-12 
—6.5 


10i> 


+20°.6 
7 
2 
12 
1 
1 
1 
3 
8 
-4 
0 
2 
26.5 
24 
24 
27 
19 
11 
6 
10.6 
16 
2 
-11 
-10 
-10 
—4 
0 
-H 
—7 
-12.6 
—5 


Midn't. 


+21° 
9 
4 

6.6 
2 
—3 

1.6 
—3 
—3 
1 
5 
5 
28 
26 
24 
21.5 
20 
11 
6 
11 
13 
1 
—8 
-11.6 
—8 
—6 
— 1 
-11 
-lu 
-12.5 


lUean. 


+12°.( 
+15.4 
+  7.1 
+12.2 
+  7.3 
+  8.0 

—  0.9 
+  2.5 
+  7.7 

—  2.0 

—  1.1 
+10.8 
+13.9 
+27.4 
+27.6 
+26.8 
■4-14.7 
+14.5 
+  7.5 
+  9.7 
+11.3 
+  5.1 

—  7.5 

—  6.5 

—  7.5 

—  6.0 

—  3.4 

—  4.5 
—10.0 

—  9.8 

—  6.2 


+4.81  I  +4.31    +6.71 


OP  OBSERVATIONS  FOR  TEMPERATURE. 


8 


Mean   Mean 

of  8   of  12 

obs'ns.  i  obfl'ni. 

+27°.(J  +27".6 

32.7 

32.5 

29.2 

29.1 

27.0 

2«i.8 

30.0 

29.9 

27.1 

26.9 

2ij.9 

2(i.8 

28.8 

28.(1 

32.1 

32.0 

32.7 

32.5 

32.1 

32.0 

20.2 

20.0 

15.3 

15.2 

21.3 

21.1 

10.7 

10.6 

l(i.4 

16.2 

7.1 

7.0 

9.7 

0.5 

11.4 

11.3 

10.2 

10.0 

20.7 

20.3 

18.7 

1H.8 

13.4 

13.2 

8.1 

7.8 

8.8 

9.6 

9.3 

9.1 

15.3 

14.8 

15.7 

15.6 

16.3 

16.6  1 

15.1 

15.1  1 

1+19.54 


idn't.    Mean. 


21° 
9 
4 

6.5 
2 
•3 
1.5 
3 
3 
1 
6 
6 
8 
6 
4 

1.5 
1) 


+120.6 
+1,5.4 
+  7.1 
+12.2 
+  7.3 
+  8.0 

—  0.9  I 
+  2.6 
+  7.7 

—  2.0 

—  1.1 
+10.8 
+13.9 
+27.4 
+27.6 
+26.8 
+14.7 
+14.6 
+  7.5 
+  9.7 
+11.3 

5.1 
7.5 

—  6.5 

—  7.5 

—  6.0 

—  3.4 

—  4.6 
—10.0 

—  9.8 

—  6.2 


31  1+6.71 


TEMrEBATUKE  OF  THE   AlR  IN   SHADE  OBHERVET)  ON   nOAUD  TUB    VaCIIT  FoX. 
(Kxpreaaed  In  degrees  at  Fahrenlieit'a  acale.) 

November,  1867. 


of  In* 
month,  i 


Lat. 

north. 


Long, 
weit  of 
Green. 


1 

a 

3 
4 

6 
6 
7 

6 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
28 
27 
28 
29 
30 


75"   13'  68°  50' 
75     10    69    30 


74    67,69    20 


74    42 

74    34 
74    34 


'i    47 
74    47 


75 
75 


74    48 


Mean      74.8 


68      6 


68    64 


70    22 
70    22 


-^9    36 


69.1 


21. 


—  4° 

—  4.6 

—  7.6 

+  2 

—  1 

—  6 

—  7 

—  3 

—  2 

—  8 
—12 

—  7 

—  6.5 
—10 

—  1 

+11 

—  5 
—10 

—  9 

—  8 

—  5 
+18 
+16 

—  6 

+  3 

—  7 

—  7.5 
—16 
—20 
—26 


41' 


ei- 


—  7" 

—  3 

—  8 
+  3 

—  4 

—  6 

—  8 

—  4 

—  2 

—  8.6 

—  9 

—  7 

—  6 

—  0.6 

—  1 
+10 

—  3 
—10.5 

—  8 

—  9 

—  3 
+20 
+13 

—  4 
+  6 

—  7 

—  8 
—17 
—21 
—26 


—10° 

—  4 

—  8 
+  4 

—  7 

—  2 

—  8 

—  4 
--  4.5 

—  6 

—  8 

—  8 

—  7 

—  6 
+  1.5 
+  13 

—  4 
—11 

—  9.5 
—10 

—  2 
+22 

+  11 

—  6 
+  8 

—  8 
—10 
—18 
—22 
—27 


1.93 


1.68 


8<' 


—10° 

—  7.6 
—11 
+  3 

—  6 

—  1.6 

—  8 

—  4 

—  5 

—  II 

—  7 

—  8.5 

—  6 

—  3 
+  3.' 
+15 

b 

—12 
—10 
—11 

—  2 
+25 
+10 

-  9 
+  9 
—10 
—10 
—18.5 
—20 
—26 


10»        Noon. 


—  8° 

—  7 
—11.6 
+  4 


+ 


1.98    —4.98 


5 
1.6 

7 

—  4 

—  5 

—  9 

—  4 

—  9 

—  7 

—  1 
■r  7 

+16 

—  2 
—12 
—10 
—11 

—  2.6 
+30 
+  8 

—  6 
+  6 
—10 
—11 
—19 
—20.6 
—30 


—  4° 

—  7 

—  7.5 

+  fi 

—  3 

—  4 

—  7 

—  6 

—  6 
—11 

—  7 

—  8 

—  9.5 

—  1 
+  7.6 
+10 

—  3 

—  5 
—11 
—11.5 

0 
+31 
+  7 

—  3 
+  0 

—  9 
—12 
—20 
—21 
—30.6 


21. 


,.63    —4.42 


—  1° 

—  5 
—10.5 
+  4.5 

—  5.5 

—  1 

—  8 

—  4 

—  6 
—11.6 

—  8 

—  a 

—  7 
0 

+  16 

—  4 

—  6.6 
—12 
—13 

—  2 
+30.5 
+  4 

—  1 
+  6 
—10 
—12 
—20 
—20 
—30.5 


+  2° 

—  3 

—  8 
+  3 

—  7 

—  1 

—  7 

—  6 

—  4 
—13 

—  8 

—  9 

—  8 

—  1 

+  « 
+  14.5 

—  5 

—  5 
—11 

— :i 

+  2 
+30.6 

0 
+  2 
+  8 

—  8 
—12.5 
—21 
—21 
—31 


S" 


lOX       HIJn't 


+ 


3° 

4 

4 

3 

7 

—  2 

—  3 

—  3 

—  6 
— 1('.5 

—  7 
—10 
—10 
+  1 
+  .". 
+  12 

—  6 

—  7 

—  9.6 
—10.5 
+  5 
+2H.5 

—  4 
0 

+  6 

—  4.6 
—15 
—22 
—21 
—30 


—  3° 
+  2 

—  3.6 
4-3 

—  H..-! 
-4.5 

—  4 

—  1 

—  8 
-15.5 

—  8 
—10 
—12 

—  1 
+  6.6 
+  11 

—  6 

—  8 

—  8 
—10 

+  9 
+25 

—  5 

—  1 
+  3 

—  4,6 
—16 
—22 
—22 
-29 


+ 
+ 
+ 


6° 

3 

1 

2 

8 

—  0 

—  3 

—  1 

—  7 
—15 

—  7 
—11 
—10 

—  1 

+  8 
0 

—  6 

—  8 

—  8 

—  7 
+19 
+21 

—  7 

—  1 

—  1 

—  6 
—16 
—23 
—Zi 
—30 


+ 
+ 


—  6°,6 

—  6 
1.5 
1 
6 
8 

—  2.6 

—  1 

—  7 
—14 

—  6 

—  9 
—11.5 

—  1 
+  7 

—  2 

—  8 

—  9 

—  8 

—  5 
+15 
+19 

—  8 

—  3 

—  4 

—  6 
—16 
—23 
—26 
—32 


1.62    —4.38  I .  -4.82  I  —5.00  ;  —5.17  I  —6.07 


Mean. 


+ 


—  4°, 9 
3.H 
6.4 
3.1 
6.7 

—  6.0 

—  3.3 

—  6.0 
—11.2 

—  7,6 

—  8.8 

—  8,4 

—  2,4 
+  4.6 
+11.5 

—  4.5 

—  8.6 

—  9.6 

—  9,8 
+  2.H 
+25.0 
+  3.8 

—  3.1 
+  4.8 

—  7.4 
—12,1 
—20.0 
—21.5 
-29.0 


4.88 


Corrflotlon  to  re  er  the  mean  of  J  2  to  the  mean  of  24  readings  =  +0°.12. 


December,  1857. 


Day 
of  the 
month. 


1 
2 
3 
4 
6 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Lat, 
north. 


74°  41' 

74  30 
74  31 


74  12 

74   7 


74   6 

74   4 
73  65 


Long, 
west  of 
dreftn. 


Mean  i  74.3   67.4  — : 


69°  10' 

68  43 
68  21 


67  10 
67   7 


66  27 

66  32 
66   6 


2" 


4" 


-32° 
32 
35 
27 
31 
17 
23 
26 
25 
27 
29 
17.5 
12 
20 
28 
27 

9 
20 
23 
17 

8 
28 
16 
21 
21 
18 
16 

4 

9.5 
28 
35 


— 31°.6 
32 
36 
28 
30.6 
17 
29 
23 
26 
28 
29 
26 
12.6 
21 
26 
27 
11.6 
21 
18 
16 
10.6 
26 
16 
20 
21.6 
17 
16 
3 

8.6 
28,  R 
36 


«u 


8" 


-33° 

— 3i° 

33 

33 

34 

33 

29 

.',6 

29 

29 

14 

14 

28 

28 

21 

19 

27 

27 

28 

28 

26 

18 

15 

15 

12 

14 

21 

21.0 

26 

26 

27 

27 

14 

15.6 

22 

22 

15.5 

16 

14 

13 

14 

18 

24 

22.5 

12 

11 

20 

21 

19 

17.6 

16 

15 

13 

10 

3 

2.5 

12 

15 

29 

29.5 

35 

36 

101' 


—31° 
33 
30 
26 
28 
17 
28 
19 
26 
27.5 
14 
17 
13 
21.5 
26 
27 
16 
22.6 
14 
11 
23 
22 
11.5 
20 
18 
16 
9 
2 
16 
Rft 
36 


Noon. 


2" 


-31° 

—30° 

33 

35 

23 

21 

29 

28 

25 

23 

17 

20 

30 

27 

22 

22 

26 

24 

27 

28 

16.6 

20.6 

14 

14 

12 

14 

22 

22 

28 

27 

26 

26 

18 

19 

22.6 

21 

17.5 

20 

10.5 

11 

25.5 

27.5 

23 

23 

9.5 

7.5 

20 

20 

17 

20 

17.5 

17 

8 

6.5 

1 

1 

21 

22 

32 

34 

36 

36 

4h 


—31° 
33.6 
21 
27 
21 
21 
27 
22 
26 
29 
20 
12 
IS 
23 
27 
18.6 
20 
21 
23 
12.5 
29 
22 

7.5 

21 

18 

19 

5 

+  1 
24 
34 
36 


61. 


ai- 


101. 


—31° 
33 
21 
27 
21 
22 
27 
21 
28.6 
29 
21 
12 
16 
22 
28 
14 
19.5 
22 
25 

9 
30.5 
20 
10 
22 
17.5 
19 

4.6 

+  2 

25 

33 

36 


22.001-22.23  -21.47 1-21.10 -21.00  -21.21 1-21.48  -21.46 1-21.44  -21.14 
Correction  to  refer  mean  of  12  to  mean  of  serrations  =  0°.00 


-30°.6 
33 
20.6 
28 
19 
22 
26 
20 
29 
28.6 
20 
10 
17 
25 
27 
13 
18 
24 
24 

8 
31 
17 
12 
22 
17 
20 

4 

+„^ 
26 

34 

36 


—32° 
33 
22 
31 
16 
23 
26.6 
18 
26.5 
28 
20 
12 
18 
24 
28.6 
14 
20 
24 
26.5 
8 
32 
16 
14 
21 
19 
18.5 
4 
6 
28 
34 
35 


Midn't. 


—21.86 


—33° 
33 
29 
32 
16 
23 
27 
21 
29 
29 
19 
12 
18 
24.6 
28.6 
12 
21 
23.5 
20 
7 
33 
16 
18 
20 
18 
19 
4 
7 
28 
34 
35 


Mean, 


-22.24 


31°.4 

—33.0 

—27.0 

— 2H.2 

24.0 

-19.0 

—27.2 

—21.3 

—26.7 

-28.1 

-21.1 

-14.7 

-14.5 

-22.2 

-26.9 

-21  4 

-16.8 

-22.1 

■20.2 

•11.4 

23.5 

-21.6 

■12.1 

•20.7 

18.8 

17.7 

•  8.3 

■  1.8 

19.6 

31.7 

35.6 


-21.55 


HK<'OUI)    AM>    KK  DUCT  ION 


TEMl'KKATIidr 


<t  Tilt  \u   IN  Shade  ousehv  ki)  on  iioaiid 

(Kxj,r«.H.-.l  In  (lugrcon  rf  l.'nl.rHnl„.|t'«  aoalu.) 

January,  1858. 


riiE  V'aciit  Fox, 


muuth. 

r.Ht. 

north. 

? 

... 

•i 

-  - 

'i 

4 

r.s    ■»!) 

5 

7 

h 

-  -  . 

WMt  of 

Or««ii. 


Ill 

II 

\'l 

VA 

14 

IB 

l(i 

17 

18 

10 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

2ii 

27 

28 

2!) 

■M\ 

31 

dt'iiu 


11,')='  47' 


7.)    3(1,  04      II 
73     24   113    ,14 


73      9  i  (i3    2,') 


4" 


til' 


8» 


73      1 


62    S5 


72    48  :  (12    S,") 


73.2    I    (J3.7     —25.(11 1—25.07 1—; 


— MU" 

—3,1" 

— 35'',5 

-:«J 

2» 

2H 

27 

M 

2M 

28,6 

27 

24 

2S 

25 

23 

17 

9 

9.5 

10 

10 

21.5 

22 

20 

19 

1(!.,'5 

Iri 

15,6 

16. B 

17 

17.6 

18 

18 

1(1.6 

18 

in 

20 

■26 

26 

2(; 

25 

19 

18.6 

18 

18 

27 

28 

27 

26 

2H 

27.6 

27 

26 

31 

32.6 

33 

35 

17 

17 

15.5 

14 

14 

13 

12 

12 

16 

16 

19 

21 

34 

38 

.35.6 

35.6 

3(i 

37 

37.5 

36.6 

9 

8 

9 

9 

13 

13 

14 

16.6 

18.5 

19.5 

20 

26 

29 

28 

28 

29 

36 

36 

35 

35 

22 

22 

22 

23 

2(i 

24.5 

24 

24 

25 

25 

24 

23.6 

37 

37 

38 

38.5 

39 

39 

39 

39 

41 

41 

40 

37 

,13 

34 

34 

34.;, 

24.921— -4,  V2  — ; 


Correction  to  refer  mean  of  12  to  mean  of  24  re.t(lingH  =  -i 


of  the 
month. 

I 
2 

3 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
IS 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 


February,  1858 


Lat. 

north. 


I  Long. 

'  west  of 

Green. 


72''  28'  61°  10 
72  25  :  61  10 

72  22  j  61  26 

71  59  60  26 

71  38  61  31 

71  28  !  -  -  - 

/"'  '.«,60  45 

7j  «iI  .  .  . 
■'1     i.i  4f> 


23 

70  J!.: 

Ci.   •) 

24 



25 

....  I 

26 

-  -  . 

. 

27 

_  .  ^ 

- 

28 

69  50 

69  43 

Mean 

71.5 

60.9 

2" 


—22° 

20.5 

21.5 

23 

30 

21 

27.5 

33 

34 

24 
3 

9 

15 

8 

8.5 
11 
11 
13 

7 
14 

5 


15 
14 
16 
23.5 
3 


4" 


6" 


20 
22 
21 
30 
19 
30 
34 
34 
23 
2 

8.5 

15 
9 

10 

10 

11 

13 

7 

15 

6 
16.6 
16 
13 
14 
16 
26 

8 


—22° 
17 
21.5 
22 
29 
19 
31 
36 
33 
20 
4.5 
7.5 
17 
8 
10 
9 
12 
13 
8 
10 
6 
18.6 

5 
i2 
13 
16 
26 
+  8.5 


—16.551—16.18 


81' 


—19° 

16 

22.5 

25 

27 

18 

32 

37 

32 

18 

8 

6 

15 

7 
10.5 

9.5 
12 
11 

6 

7 

7 
17 
15 
12 
15 
15.5 
25 
■  8.5 


10" 

—19° 
11 
23 
25.5 
26 
16.5 
34 
39 
32.5 
16 
10.5 
8.6 
16 
7 

9.5 
8 

13 

10 
3 

6.6 
8 

17 

14.5 

13 

15 

12 

22 
+10 


Noon. 


-19° 

10 

22.5 

25 

25 

15 

34 

39.5 

30 

15 

11 

7 

14 

5 

9.5 
8 
13 
9.5 
1 

3.5 
8 

13 

13 

12.5 

16 
9 

19 

+"   I 


41. 


B" 


8" 


lO"   MMn't.  Meiin. 


— 21°.5 
11 
24 

2(i 
25 

i;>.5 

32 

38.5 

28.6 

13 

11.6  I 

13 

10 


11 

8 
12 

9 

1 

1 

7.5 
13 
13 
12 
15 

7 
14 
+  7.5 


25 
27 
24 

If 

39.,'; 

2?.'-. 

I  I 

Ik 

16 
9 
6 

11 
9 

12 

10 

1.5 

2 
13 
15 
14,6 
12 
15 
10 

6.5 


+  2 


--21° 
12 

23 

28 

24 

14 

36 

M' 

■^^ 

hi 

18 

17 

10.5 
6 

11 
9 

13 
10 

3 

1 
19 
15 
16 
12 
16 
15 

6.6 

2 


lli 

20 
29 
21 
16 
34 
37 
24 
10 
14 
17 
7 
6 
12 
10 

12 

11 
4 
3 

18 

15 

16 

13 

16 

12 
8 
0 


—23° 

_20° 

17 

19 

21 

23 

28 

29 

20 

2(1 

17 

23 

33.. 

t  35 

37 

i  ■'•'' 

23 

23 

8 

6 

12 

10 

16 

16 

7.5 

8 

7 

7.5 

12 

11 

11 

10 

12 

12 

11 

10 

9 

13 

4 

5 

16 

15 

14 

14 

16 

16 

11 

13.5 

16 

l(i 

13 

20 

15 

9 

2 

0.5 

-15.98 1-15.55 1-15.14  -14.111-1.3.95  -U.dC 
Correotion  to  refer  mean  of  12  to  mean  of"'24  observations  = 


-15.43  ,—15.04 1—15.43 ,— 1,-,.70  —16.31 


— 0°.03. 


OF  ()II8KKVATI()N8    FOR   T  K  .M  I' K  R  A  T  U  R  K. 


Mi.lD't. 

Mean. 

^U^O 

— ;):i°.5 

•A 

— :iH.ii 

•j:r, 

—24.(1 

'J 

— 15.!l 

Zi 

—13.1 

111 

—18.11 

HI 

is.r, 

-n.'j 

2:. 

—2!  1 

20 

—•ix-i 

20 

2i;.5 

31 

:;o 

14 

17 

33 

3iJ 

13 

II 

18 

2« 

3(J 

22.5 

2S 

27 

3i;.6 

45.5 
43 
33 
21.5 


1—2'   • 

-2:.i 
—27.7 
—3(1.0 
—12.4 
—14.2 
—24.1 

35.7 
—30.1 
—  lo.o 
— Ki.o 
-2(1.4 
—32.5 
— .il.5 
—24.3 
—25.2 

ill.4 
— 3H.4 
— 41.1) 
— 3(i.O 
—28.3 


J5.00  — 24.S4 


In't.    Meun. 


0^ 

— 21°.0 

—14.8 

—22.4 

—25.7 

-25.1 

-17.3 

—3:;  ;• 

—37.0 

—28.9 

—14.5 

—lo.o 

—11.8 

—11.8 

.6 

—  (i.8 

—10.5 

—  i).4 

-12.1 

—10.9 

—  5.2 

—  5.9 

— ic  ; 

-15.2 

—15.0 

6 

-12.6 

-14.9 

-13.5 

-16.7 

5 

f  4.0 

7u 

-15.31 

TKMI'EttATIItlB  or  THE    .ViB    I.N   8llA)lE  OIWEIIVEI)  O.N    HOAKK  THE    VaCUT   FoX. 

tKxpresHuil  In  d.'^ro(m  (jf  Kahn  iiliell's  hchIm.) 

March,  IBOa 


of  iba 

Lm. 

luuntli. 

niirtli. 

1 

.  .  . 

-  «  . 

3 

4 

-  -  _ 

6 

70"    4' 

0 

70      1 

7 

«U     55 

B 

lii)     49 

0 

LnnfC. 

winl  of 
Omen. 


2" 


59"  29 
59     U 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


09     41 


69 
68 
68 
68 
68 
68 
68 


69 

5fi 

60      5 

69 

38 

69    14 

69 

31 

69 

28 

58    55 

69 

20 

-  -  _ 

69 

14 

58    43 

69 

14 

—  2' 
+  3 

—  7 
+  12 
—12.5 


58  50 

58  37 

.58  2!  I 

58  1)1 


-  1 

-15.5 
-lii.5 
-12 
-14 


+  1 

I—  7 

\+^ 
—12.5 

■Hi 
2ti 
18 
17 
'i 
25 
j.i 

U 
8 
20 
20 

10 
12 
8 
6 
1 
■j 

!4 
7 
1 

—  3 

—16 

—  15.5 
—12 

— i;i.5 


6" 


-21 

—25 

—25 

—26.6 

—  18 

—18 

-17 

-17 

4-  4 

-+-  2 

-f-25.5 

+25.5 

--19 
--10 

+22 

-f-11 

—  8 

—  8 

—20 

—20 

—18 

—20 

—11.6 

—10.6 

—13 

—12 

—  8 

—  8 

—  4 

—  6 

—11.5 

—11 

-f  1 

-f-  -i 

+  25 

--24 

-f  7 

--  7     ! 

■f   1 

—    1         : 

—11 
-1-4 
— m 

—25.5 

—25 

-18.6 

—  15 

■f  '•' 
+30 

+  1N 

4-11 

—  9 
—19 
—20 

—  9 
—12 

—  9 

—  9 
—11 
+  •» 
+29 

-I-  7 

—  1 

—  6 
—17 
—14 
—15 
—11.5 
—25.5     —23 


+  6= 

-♦-  3 

—  4.6 

-♦-  1 
—12 
—23 
—22.5 

—  18.5 
—12 
+  18 
+  29 
+20 
+  11.5 

—  7 
—18 
—18 

—  8.6 
—12 

—  8 

—  4 
—10 

+  9 
+29.5 
+  8.5 
-f  3 

—  6 
—14 
—11 

—  7 


1iii< 


+  8».ft 

4-  3 

—  6 
+•  1 
—12.8 

-18 

—20 
—15 

—  6.5 
+  V3.5 

+:il 

+  26 

+  ^2 

—1.5.5 
—14.5 

—  8.5 

—  7.5 

—  6 

—  5 

—  4 

•f  9 

+  29 

4-1(1 
4-  4 
-  7 

—13 

—  8 

—  7 
+  ,3.5 
—21 


Noon. 


+  8".f 

-♦-  fl 

—  1 

—  Id 
— 1', 
— I'i 
—14.6 

+25.6 
+32 
+31.5 
+  13 

—  6.5 
—13 
—12 


—  4 
t-   1 

—  3.5 
-13 

-f  30 
+  >(( 
+    4 

—  -.5 
— 1     5 


+  4.; 

—20 


2" 


+  I11"' 
'  +  3.5 

—  6 

—  2 

—  8 

—14 

i— 15 

:— 12 

(  +  3.5 
+22 


4'' 

+  12'.! 

+    1.5 

0 

—  I. 

—  » 
—16 
—15 
—11.6 
+  2,5 
+21 


+32 

+30 

+27.6 

+  15 

+  10 

+12 

—  4 

—  6 

-14 

—16 

—10 

-10 

—  3 

—  6 

—  3 

—  3 

—  2 

—  2.6 

+  3.5 

-1 

--  3.5 
--  3 

-1-14 

+14.5 

--20 
--  9.6 

+15 

+  8.5 

+  6      j 

+  3.5 

-  7     ' 

—  6.6 

—11 

—11 

—  5 

—  4 

—  6 

—  8 

-f-4 

—  2 

-19., 


—18 


6" 


+  1(1" 
+  0,5 
-f-  3 

—  7 
—13 
-18.6 
—19 
—17 

-f  a 

+20 
-l-W 
+  13 

j-  'j 

— ],' 
—11.,'. 

—  8,5 

—  6 

—  6.6 
0 

—  (! 
-fl7 
-fll 
-f-  7 
+  1.6 

—  9 
—12 

—  7 

—10 

—  4 

—19 


8" 


lO" 


+  I'>'' 

+   6» 

--   1 

--  5 

0 
-♦-  8 

—  8.6 

-11 

-HI 

19 

—22.5 

— ii 

— lU.B 

—\'j 

—20 

;-i» 

—   I 

+ 1 

+  !■ 

+20 

+20 

17 

-1-11 

-U 

—  6 

-  8 

—14 

-15 

—10 

19 

-12 

-    11 

—10 

— IJ 

—  6.6 

—  a.r, 

-  9 

—10 

—  3 

—  8 

—  2 

+  19.5 

-f 

+  9.5 

-f 

-f-  6 

+ 

0 

(.» 

—12 

—13 

—14 

—16 

—  7 

—  9 

—12 

-14 

—10 

—14 

—2(1.5 

—25.5 

Hidn't 


+   3^ 

+  18 
— J2 

— '*•• 

—25 
—19 
-17 
-1-4 
■I-2U 

t". 

—10 
—17 

—18 

— 1 


-11 

(I 
+25 
t-  8 

L\ 

—15 
-17.6 

12 


Meun      69.4        59.1       -5.48  | -6.03  , -5.lRi^_3.44  i -1.34    +0.47     +(i,74    -0.13  ! -2,49 
Corrcotlon  to  refer  mean  of  12  to  mean  of  2  i  observatioiirt  =  +(i\, 


-4.79  ,  —5.57 


111 


Mean. 


+7'.o 
■\-  1.5 

—  0.5 

—  1.7 

— i;i.(i 
— 2(i.r. 
—20. 1 

—16.5 

—  4.8 

+  17.4 
+26.1 
+18.5 
4-  6.9 

—  9.4 
—17.4 

—  14.0 
■'--  8.8 

—  7.6 

—  6.6 

—  3.5 

—  4.7 
+  12.5 
+  19.9 
+  7.6 
+  1.6 

—  7.7 
-14.1 

—  9.8 
—10.3 

—  6.7 


—3.31 


April,  1858. 


Day 
of  the 

month. 


Lat. 
north. 


1 

68°  1? 

2 

68  17 

3 

68     0 

4 

.  -  . 

6 

.  .  . 

6 

67  18 

7 

.  .  . 

8 

-  -  - 

fl 

66  63 

10 

66  45 

11 

Ii6  40 

12 

66  33 

13 

66  26 

14 

i:,i.S  23 

15 

(M  17 

16 

65  58 

17 

65  28 

is 

64  50 

HI 

64  16 

20 

64  22 

21 

64  10 

22 

63  51 

23 

63  41 

24 

... 

25 

63  40 

26 

63  47 

27 

65  14 

28 

66  28 

29 

66  28 

30 

66  28 

Long, 
west  of 
Green. 


;8'>i5' 


68  25 


68  17 


58  31 
68  20 

68  8 
58  12 
58  4 
67  55 

58  24 

58  35 

58  45 
58  44 
58  ,1)4 
58  59 

58  24 
56  'M: 
53  41 
63  30 
53  30 
63  30 


211 


4" 


lO'i 


—26= 

—19 

—16 

—15 

—12.5 

—  8 

—  8 
-f-  4 

—  9 

—  6 

—  2 
0 

—10.5 

—  6 

-f-  1 
0 

-f-  7 


-2(i'  !  -: 
!  —2(1 
!  -15 
i  —15 
-12 


Moan  I   66.0  |  57.7 


—  5 
+  4 
—10 

—  7 

—  2 

—  1 
—10 

—  3 
+  1.5 

—  1.5 
+  6.5 

-1-11 
+14 

-I-  8 
+12 
-1-3 
-f  8 
+17 
+26 
+23 
+28 
+26 
+21 
+27 


26° 
18 
13.5 
15 

'^     i 
8 


—13° 

—12 

—10 

—14.5 
—  6 


-1     i-t- 




3 

-t- 

2.5 

— 

6 

— 

5 



1 

— 

2.5 



5 

-f- 

1 

-f- 

2 

-f- 

1 

-f  7 

->- 


3 

6 

3.5 

1 

6 

3 

3 

6 


f3.03 


+  2,5 

+  4.5 

+  9 

-fll 

+15.5 

+16 

+13 

4-  5 

+12 

-♦■.'li 

!+-'' 

'+25 
+23 
+31 


—  8° 
— 10..'i 

—  9 
—13.5 

—  4 

—  3 
+  13 

+  1 
0 

+  e 
+11 

—  2.5 

+  1 
+10 

+  3 
+  8 
+14 


Noon 


I 


+3.35   +4, 
Correction 


—  T 

—  9.5 

—  7.5 
—11 

—  1 
0 

+16.5 
+  f' 
+  1 

4-20 

—  1 

+  6 

-fl2 

+  5.5 

+10 

+  16 

+  19.5 

+  16 

+16 

+  17 

+15 

+  9.5 

+28.5 

+34 

+30.5 

+29 

+29 

+28 

+35 


—  4°.:, 

—  9 

,—  8     I 

—  8.6' 
+  1  I 
+  2  i 
+  15 
+  4  I 
+  1.5i 
+  1(1  I 
+  19     I 

0     I 

+  8     i 
+12     I 
+  5.5 
+  11.51 
+18     1 


+ 


4" 


5° 

9.5 

9 

8 

4 

4, 

9 

1 


6" 


+  ■• 
+1-' 


+11' 

+11 

+  4.5 

+14 
I +18 
i+18 

+15 

+14 

+17 

+15.5 
,+21 
'  +33 
i+31 
!+23 

+30 
1+28 
1+26 
■+3S 


—  8 -.5 
—12 
—11.5 
—10 

—  7 

—  3 
+  5 

—  2 

—  2 
+  2,5 
+14 

—  5.5 
+  8.5 
+  9 
+  4 
+1« 
+ 


101'      Midn't 


-17° 
—15 
—12 
—11 

—  8.5 

—  8 
+  4 

—  6 

—  4 
+  2 

4-  5.5 
—  7.5 
+  5 
+  4 
4- 1.5 
4-  9 

+15 
+17 
+10 
+12 

+  9.5 

+13 

+19.5 

+33 

+25 

+25 

+26 

+25 

+25 

—36 


—17°  1—17° 
— Itt     !  —16 


—14 
—11.6 
—  9 


+ 


+ 


+ 
+ 

0 
+  8 
+14 


—14 

—12.5 

—10 

—  9 
+  4 

—  9.5 

—  6 

—  1.5 
+  4 
-10 

—  2 
0 

—  0.5 
+  8 
+14 
+  15 
+  9 
+10 
+  7 
+  7 
+  19 
+,30 
+22 
+24 
+23 

I  +25 
1+22 
i+34 


Mean 

olis'np 


Nfean 
f  12 

■li.s'llS. 


+ 


7,8 
3.6 


13   +7.50+10.14+12^62+13.37+12.45+10.38;  +7.77'!  +6.14   +5.63 
to  refer  mean  of  12  to  mean  of  24  daily  readings  =  4  0°.02. 


— 14°.2  —14°  6 
—13.7  —13.9 
—11,5  —11.6 
—12.(1  —12.2 
—  6,9,  _  7,2 

4.1  —  4.5 

5.2  +  4.8 
0.4  (1.0 
3.7  —  3.6 
1.7|+  1.4 
8.6  4- 
4.0'  — 
0.8   +    11.7 

5.0  +  4.8 
+  2.5;+  2.5 
+  7.3  +  7.4 
+  13.1+12.3 
+  15.2  +l.'-,.l 
+13.2;+i:i.l 
+  12.7i+12.6 
+12.6+12.4 
+  9.7  +  9.6 
+14.8: +14.7 
+27.9, +27.8 
+28.0' +27.8 
+26.2+26.1 
+  26. S  +26.7 
+26.3, +26." 
+24.2  +24.0 
+35.5:  +33.4 


I  +8.04 


^  i' 


,i  -f 


RECORD  AND  REDUCTION 


Temperature  of  the  Am  in  Shade  observed  on  board  the  Yaoht  Fox. 

(Expresaed  in  degrees  of  Fahrenheit's  scale.) 
May,  1858. 


Day 
of  the 
month. 


Laiitudo 
north. 


Longitude 

west  of 
Greenwich. 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
iO 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
20 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Ilolstoinborg 


4h 


67°  22'     I       .riso  55' 

68    10      I       53    55 

Wlialeflsli  Islands 


Upornavilc  Bay 


Oodhaven 
Off  the  coal  seam 


70  2 

70  32 

71  19 

72  1 


52 
54 
55 
55 


Off  Upemavik 


50 

9 

37 

4(1 


33° 

27 

24 

24 

27.5 

14 

12 

13 

13 

15 

24 

29 

29 

35 

33 

33 

27 

29 

30 

30 

26 

33 
30 
30 
32 
32 
34 
35 
34 
35 
33 


8" 


Noon. 


Mean 


68.7 


53.7 


34° 

24 

26 

27 

16 

16 

15 

13 

18 

27 

30 

30 

37 

39 

35 

29 

33 

31 

32 
40 
.34 
34 
34 
35 
33 
37 
36 
32 
30 
33 


34° 

34 

24 

27 

21 

11.5 

19 

29 

15 

21 

29 

30 

33 

39 

39 

36 

29.5 

42 

38 

39 

41 

36 

37 

39 

42 

35 

44 

36 

32.5 

32 

36 


4h 


28° 
36.5 

26 

28 

20 

18 

23.5 

15 

17 

21 

29 

29 

34 

39.5 

37 

30 

30 

45 

39 

40 

40 

35 

44 

41 

36.5 

35 

36 

42 

32 

31 

37 


Midn't. 


27° 

31.6 

24 

28 

14 

16 

17 

14.6 

17 

18 

27.5 

28 

34 

37.5 

35 

29 

32.5 

35 

34 

34 

38 

36 

38 

41 

34 

39 

37 

35 

32 

32 

37 


25° 

30 

21 

27 

13 

10.6 

12 

13 

17 

23 

28 

26 

34 

35 
31 
27 
30 
31 
30 
30 
32 
34 
36 
31 
33 
35 
34 
34 
33 
32 
32 


+27.60      +29.69   |  +32.28   |  +32.10   |  +30.02   I  +27.73 


Correction  to  refer  the  mean  of  6  to  the  mean  of  24  observations  =  -0°.07 


June,  1858. 


Day 

of  the 
month. 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
26 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


Latitude 
north. 


Longitude 

west  of 
Greenwich. 


Off  Upemavik 


73°  7' 
73  17 
73  24 
73  27 
73  35 
73  61 
73    54 

73  56 

74  3 
74  4 
74  10 
74  14 

74  67 

75  17 

76  20 
75  35 
75  32 

75  34 

76  27 
76  27 
76  36 
76  50 
76  56 
75  55 
75  53 

75  64 

76  56 


50°  23' 

66  20 

66  15 

56  42 

67  0 

57  5 
67  48 


58  4 

68  14 

60  4 

61  0 
CO  19 
02  1 

61  50 

62  7 
62  2 
62  22 

62  37 

63  27 

66  33 
68  10 

67  50 
67  15 
67  28 


4" 


Mean 


74.6 


60.1 


38° 

38 

42.6 

37 

32 

86 

41 

35 

34 

30 

34 

35 

28 

29 

36 

30 

32 

34 

35 
38 
30 
30 
35 
34 
34 
36 
35 
33 
36 
32.5 


39° 

44 

38 

38 

33 

36 

39 

35 

38 

39 

34 

35 

30 

32 

38 

35 

33 

39 

38 

38.5 

32 

33 

35 

34 

37 

36 

34 

35 

36 

34 


Noon. 


42°.6 

49 

40 

37 

33 

40 

41.5 

38 

40 

37 

38 

38 

36 

36 

38 

36 

35 

40 

44 

37 

34 

35 

35 

30 

36 

36 

36 

38 

39 

37 


4h 


S" 


42° 

60 

42 

40 

40 

40.5 

44 

43 

41 

37 

42 

36 

32 

35 

35 

37 

33 

35 

38 

40 

34 

38 

34 

38 

39 

35 

34 

34 

34 

39 


41° 

44 

41 

35 

33 

44 

44 

38 

38 

35 

36 

33 

32 

31 

84 

37 

36 

88 

38 

35 

34 

30 

35 

30 

36 

37 

32 

33.5 

83 

35 


Midn't. 


39° 

40 

38 

83 

34 

38 

36 

35 

32 

35 

31 

29.5 

28 

35 

32 

30 

34 

81.6 

36 

81 

30 

32 

33 

34 

36 

86 

33 

32 

31 

30.5 


+34.62   I  +35.92   |  +37.90      +38.06 


Correction  to  refer  mean  of  6  to  mean  of  24  observations 


i  +36.32   I  +33.50 
=  — 0°.07. 


Mean 


+30°.2 
31.6 
23.8 
26.7 
20.4 
14.2 
16.6 
10.6 
15.3 
19.3 
27.4 
28.7 
32.3 
37.2 
35.7 

31.7 

29.7 

35.8 

33.7 

34.2 

80.2 

34.5 

30.5 

36.0 

36.4 

34.8 

37.0 

36.3 

32.6 

32.0 

34.7 


+29.90 


Mean. 


+40°.3 
44.2 
40.3 
30.7 
84.2 
39.1 
40.9 
37.3 
37.2 
30.5 
35.8 
34.4 
31.0 
83.0 
35.6 
34.0 
33.7 
36.2 
38.2 
86.6 
82.3 
34.0 
34.5 
35.3 
36.3 
30.0 
34.0 
34.2 
84.8 
.H4,7 


+30.04 


KM 


OF  OBSERVATIONS  FOR  TEMPERATURE. 


f- 


.^M. 


TEMPEaATURE  OF  THE  AlB  IN   ShADE  OBSERVED  ON  BOARD  THE   YaCHT   FoX. 

(ExpresseJ  in  degrees  of  Fahrenheit's  scale.) 

July,  1858. 


73.1        I        as..'.        I  4.33.,ie     ^34  44 
The  correction  to  refer  mean  of  (i  to  mean  of^ 


'1 


RECORD   AND  REDUCTION 


Tempehatuue  op  the  Am  in  Shade  oi.sehveu  on  doaud  the  Yacht  Fox. 

(Kxpresseii  in  degrees  of  Fahreuheit'a  scal«.) 

September,  1858. 


Dny 
or  tho 
month. 


Latitude 
nortli. 


Longitude 

west  of 
Greenwich. 


1       I      Iltad  of  I'ort  Kennedy 


3 
4 
f) 
li 
7 
8 
i) 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
1,5 
l(i 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
21) 
27 
28 
29 
30 


4" 


Near  Pemmican  Rock 


71°  ."iS'  I  95°  10' 
71  .58  I  95  10 
Port  Keniiedv 


72  01 

72  01 

72  01 

72  01 

72  01 

72  01 


94  14 

94  14 

94  14 

94  14 

94  14 

94  14 


Bellot  Straits 


Mean 


71     58      i 

Port  Kennedy 


72.0 


94.4 


20° 

29° 

21 

30 

25 

29 

30 

30 

24 

23 

2a 

27 

36 

37.6 

3(i 

35 

33 

29 

27 

30 

32 

30 

25 

2ti 

20 

22 

21 

19 

23 

23.5 

23 

22 

25 

27 

29 

28 

1S.5 

17 

25 

21 

29 

31 

19 

IS 

31 

32 

11 

8 

13 

15 

15 

19 

15 

](i 

23 

23.5 

25 

21 

21 

22 

+24.25   I  +24.68    |  +2(i.45   |  +26.83 
Correction  to  refer  mean  of  6  to  mean  of  24  readings 


+25.63  i  +24.73 
:  zero. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

16 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 


Port  Kennedy 

72°  01'     I      94"  14' 

Winter  Quarters 


21 

It 

(1 

22 

« 

(( 

23 

(1 

(( 

24 

« 

11 

25 

11 

II 

2G 

(( 

II 

27 

(1 

11 

28 

H 

It 

2i) 

U 

l( 

30 

U 

11 

31 

<l 

II 

"'■■''"    '         "-•'•         I         !»»-^         I     +7.52   I     +7.37        +9.03   I     +7.55 

Cornrlion  to  iff,'!  mean  of  «  to  mean  of  24Teading8  =  . 


27 
28 
29 
30 

:;t 


OF  O  li  S  E  R  V  A  T I  0  N  S   F  O  11   T  ]•:  M  I'  K  11  A  T  U  R  K . 


Temperature  of  the  Air  in  Shade  ouserved  on  iioaud  the  Yacht  Vox. 
(Expressed  in  degrees  of  Falironlu.'it's  scale.) 

November,  1858. 


PllV 

of  tile 
liiontli. 


Lnl. 
north. 


!    Lon^. 

I  west  of 

Green. 


for 
Win 


t  Kciinodv 
Iil'ili4'  14 
er  (.iii.irturs 


I 


1(1 
n 

12 
l:i 
14 
V, 

k; 

17 
IS 

111 

20 
21 
22 
2.1 
24 
2,') 
26 
27 
28 
2!) 
30 


4" 


0'' 


8" 


I 


10" 


+  4= 
+12 


+12 


Xloau 


94.; 


—14 

-14 

—11 

-12 

—  10 

—  H 

— 1,') 

-10 

—12 

—12 

—14 

—14 

—12 

—14 

— 1(J 

—1,5 

—  7 

7 

-13 

—10 

—  7 

—  7 

—30 

—29 

-2(i 

-2(j 

+ 
+ 
+ 


+  7 
+  7 
+  !i 


I  +12 

I  —  •'' 

1  —14 

—14 

—  r> 
— iii 
— i.i 

—14 

— ii; 
-14 

—10 

—  1) 
—11 
—31 
—22 
+  1 
+  !) 
+12 
+11 
+  2 


+  8° 
+  10 

—  5 
—14 

—  12 

—16 
—12 
—12 
-17 
-14 
—12 

—  8 


+  10= 

+  3     i 

—  8     i 

—13    : 

—I.-;.-) 

+    H 

—15 

—12 

—11 

—111 

—13 

—10.5 


Noon. 


+  12° 
•) 

—15 
—14 
—15 

+  H 
—15 
—10 
—  9 
—17 
—13 
—12 


4" 


I 


8" 


10i> 


Miilu't. 


+  12= 

—  8., 
— l(i 

— n 

—14 

+  -^ 
—14 
—11 

—  S 
—20 
—12 

—  14 


-21 
-24 
-2ii 
-2ii 


— li) 


—  10 

—10 

—22 

—21 

—25 

-27 

-23 

—23 

— 2li 

—26 

—22 

—21 

2"i 

22 

—Hi 

—16 

-9 

—10  '• 

-11.53  —11.20  i— 10.60 


—  8 

—11 

—13 

—16 

—31 

—31 

—30 

— 2i) 

22 

—20 

—20 

—IS 

+  4 

+  4 

+  2 

—  5 

+u 

+  11 

+  1(. 

+  9 

+  12 

+  U! 

+13 

+  13 

+  10 

+  12 

+12 

+  4 

—  1 

+  3 

+  4 

—  16 

—16 

—  17 

—17 

—20 

—  10 

—21 

—23 

-27 

— 211 

2!l 

—20 

—24 

—23 

—23 

—23 

—26 

—28 

-28 

—28 

—21 

—21 

—21.5 

—23 

—20 

—20 

—20 

—19 

—16 

—14 

—11 

—10 

-  9 

—  7 

—  7 

-10.33 

—  10.03 

—10.32 

— ll.( 

+ 11° 

—11 

—  8 
—11 
—16 
+  8 
—12 

;  -11 

—21 
—12 
—13 

—  II 
—17 
—30 
—18 

—  8 
+  9 
+  12 
+  2 
+  4 
—Is 
—23 
-29 
—25 
—27 
—27 
—19 
—10 


+   2° 
—12 

—  4 

— n 

— h; 

—  4 

+  1 
—11 

—18 

—  9 
—13 
—10 
— -6 
—31 
—16 

—  4 

+  10 

+  13 

—  5 
+  4 


—33 
—25 
—27 
—27 
—17 
—10 


+  'P      +11  = 


—  15 

—  II 
—15 

—  4 

—  8 
—11 

—  7 
—17 

—  9 
—13 
—11 
—27 
—31 
—14 

+  1 
+10 
+  12 

—  3 
+  2 
—22 
—25 
—34 
—26 


—16 
—  9 


—15 
—10 
—15 

—  4 
—12 
—11 

—17 

—  7 
—15 
—10 
—31 
—30 
—12 

+  :i 

+  10 

+   9 

—  5 

—  1 
—22 
—21 
—35 
—26 
— 2ii 

—16 

—  8 

—  fl 


+  1P 

—  7 
—15 
—11 
—11 

—12 

—  11 
—12 
—17 

—  7 
—15 

—  II 

— :')0 

2s 

—11 
+  <> 
+  7 
+  « 


—23 

—35 

—28 


—16 
—  S 
—11 


Jlean. 


+  ■-■ 

—  1.0 

—  9.' 
—12.3 
—14.0 

—  0.6 
—12.5 
—114 
—10.3 
— J6.8 
— U.s 
—12.0 

—  11.2 
—17.0 
—30. 1 
—IS.: 

—  0.3 
+  9.1 
+  11.0 
+  3.8 

—  0.3 

—  16.6 
—21.9 
—20.7 
—24.6 
—26.8 
— 23.S 

—  10.6 
—12.0 

—  8.: 


-11. 


-11.87—12.17 


-12.23—12.57 


-11.29 


Correction  =  -|-0M2. 


December.  1858. 


Day 
of  the 
month. 


Lnt. 
north. 


Lon/?. 
west  of 
(ireen. 


3 

4 

5 

(i 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 

IS 
19 
20 
21 

22  ! 

23  i 

s\ 

26 

28  I 

29  ; 

30  I 

••u    i 

Mean  I 


I'ort  Koimoilv 
72=  01 'i  74'    14' 
Winter  Quarters 


2ii 


I 


Noon. 


94.2 


—16  = 
21 
20 
28 
36 
2  s 

30 

211 

33 

23 

31 

38 

38 

36 

31 

30 

43 

32 

35 

34 

13 

37 

29 
38 
44 
47 
32 
33 
29 
37 
30 


—  1S  = 
21 
27 
28 
34 
28 
30 
211 
32 
23 
32 
37 
37 
38 
31 
40 
43 
33 
33 
34 
14 
36 

30 

38 

45 

47 

32 

32 

31 

37 

37 


-ls=. 
23 
26 
30 
35 
30 
31 
29 
33 
20 
32 
37 
39 
36 
33 
43 


—111= 
25 
25 
35 
32 
32 
31 
26 
37 
17 
34 
38 
39 
34 
33 
43 


42 

41 

38 

32 

33 

34 

33 

33 

30 

30 

32 

27 

19 

24 

28 

34 

32 

32  I 

30 

33 

33 

39 

40 

41 

45 

45 

44 

46 

44 

44  ! 

30 

33 

33  1 

29 

32 

32  • 

30 

36 

34  1 

39 

40 

36 

38 

35  ! 

1 

34 

—18= 


26 


31 
26 
32 
17 
33 
36 
38 
35 
33 
42 


—17'= 
28 
25 
40 
31 
32 
32 
26 
31 
18 
33 
36 
38 
36 
32 
44 
38 
34 
28 
23 
29 
34 
35 
43 
45 
44 
30 
31 
36 
36 
34 


4h 


6" 


8" 


101' 


Jlidn't, 


-32.41  —32.60 1—33.32 1-32.78  _32.sl 


-17° 
30 
25 
39 
32 

30 

21 

29 

18 

35 

38 

37 

30 

32 

43 

38 

34 

28 

21 

32 

35 

34 

44 

44 

45 

32 

32 

37 

n~ 

:!6 


31 

28 

38 

32.5 

30 

31 

21 

28 

21 

39 

36 

38 
33 
32 
43 
38 
33 
29 
18 
35 
31 
35 
44 
42 
45 
32 
30 

30 
'>^ 

36 


—21° 
33 
28 
37 
30 
33 
28 
27 
26 
23 
41.5 
36 
36 
33 
37 
42 
39 
35 
31 
16 
33 
30 
35 
44 
44 
40 
30 
30 
36 
41 
36 


—21= 
32 
28 
37 
32 
31 
33 
32 
23 
25 
40 
35 
37 
28 
38 

41 
37 

33 

35 

15 

34 

29 

37 

44 

45 

36 

33 

30 

35 

42 

38 


—32.74  —33,18—33.27  —33.35 


—20= 

30 

28 

37 

33 

30 

33 

34 

23 

27 

40 

37 

35 

28 

38 

42 

32 

34 

33     I 

16 

35 

29 

35 

44 

45.5 

:!« 

32     i 

31 

36 

■13 

39 


—20= 
28 
2>^ 
37 
31 
32 
34 
34 
20 
30 
40 
36 
37 
30 

39 

42 

31 

34 

32 

16 

36 

29 

35 

45 

47 

33 

30 

31 

.36 

■13 

36 


Mean. 


— 19."0 
27.4 
27.0 
3:).4 
32.5 
30.8 
31.2 
27.8 
211.0 
21. s 
3."..0 
36.5 
37.3 
32.8 
34.1 
41.9 
38.3 
33.4 
31.7 
23.5 
27.7 
32.3 
33.4 
42,0 
44,8 
42,3 
31.5 
31.1 
34.6 

^■.;i.i 
36.3 


—33.40  —33.29—32.07 


Correction  to  refer  to  menu  of  24  oliscrvation 


w  in  II  day  =  0°.0O. 


10 


RlilCORD  A  XI)   H  EDUCTION 


:  ill: 


Tempkhaturk  op  t„e  Am  in  S,>ai,e  obskrved  on  roarh  mr.  Yacht  Fox. 

(Kx|.r,.ss,.,l  in  ilcgiocs  of  Kiiln-cnli.-il's  seal,..) 


of  I  he 
I) th. 


Lilt. 

nurtli. 


Long, 
west  of 
(lifi'ii. 


1 


(i 

7 

s 

!) 

10 

II 

1-2. 

1:j 

14 

l,-) 
li; 
17 
IS 
111 

JO 
■21 
2'2 
'2:i 
24 
25 
2iJ 
27 
28 
2;) 

no 

31 


Poll 

72'  ( 
WIntf 


Kcunrdy 
'r!ll4'  14 
t  Quarter.s 


4" 


6" 


January,  1859. 


10'>   Noon. 


4" 


81' 


10''   Miiln't, 


— ;is- 

44 
33 
30 

4r> 

3(i 

3.') 

33 

35 

34 

33 

20 

21 

111 

3lj 

38 

32 

28 

36 

39 

4(J 

40 

38 

40 

33 

2'J 

30 

23 

34  j 

28  I 

30  I 


—37 
43 
33 
30 
4,-) 
40 
30 
33 
3(i 
32 
29 
20 
23 
10 
37 
38 
33 
26 
38 

40 

4S 

42 

39 

40 

30 

28 

30 

24 

•sr> 

31 

40 


—■.]r 

44 

31 

33 

44 

39 

37 

37 

•?o 

32 

28 

24 

22 

15 

38 

38 

32 

2G 

30 

42 

47 

43 

39 

40 

35 

20 

29 

25 

35 

32 

41 


—37-' 

44 

31 

33 

41 

37 

39 

38 

20 

.SO 

27 

24 

20 

15 

38 

38 

32 

20 

35 

43 

43  , 
43  I 
40  : 
40  i 
35  I 

28  I 

29  i 

25   ; 

34  i 

35 

41 


— ;i.s° 

39.! 

32 

35 

40 

32 

40 

35 

20 

30 

20 

23 

20 

15 

39 

37 

32 

28 

35 

42 

41 

44 

40 

39 

34 

25 

29 

25.S 

30 

32 

41 


Me.iu  I  72.0  I  94.2  |-33.78  I34.; 


—38^ 

,  — 38=> 

—37° 

-39 

40 

1   40 

40 

1   38 

32 

I   29 

29 

1   29 

37 

i   38 

39 

1   39 

40 

40 

38 

37 

33 

30 

37 

':          35 

40 

39.5 

39.5 

34 

34 

35 

1   35 

35 

27 

27 

20 

30 

30 

30 

30 

38 

20 

27 

24 

23 

21 

24 

22 

20 

18 

is 

19 

18 

14 

19 

19 

19 

39 

38 

38 

38 

30 

30 

30 

30 

f 

28 

20 

20 

i^. 

27.5 

27.5 

29 

34 

30 

33 

33.5 

41.5' 

43 

43 

43 

38 

40 

39 

40 

42 

42 

43 

40 

41  i 

41 

41 

40 

39  ' 

40 

40 

30 

33 

31 

30 

31 

33 

33 

33 

33 

29  : 

24 

24 

23 

20 

28 

30 

30 

3b 

31 

28 

23 

33 

33 

37 

30 

39 

42 

42  i 

42 

—44' 
35 
28 
39 
39 
35 
33 
33 
30 
40 
22 
19 
10 
23 
38 

30 

20 

30 

37 

43 

41 

40 

41 

38 

28 

32 

21 

33 

24 

39 

43 


—44^ 
31 
28 
41 
35 
35 
33 
34 
32 
36 
22 
18 
10.5 
28 
38 
34 
29 
31 
37 
40 
41 

39  I 
41  i 
35  \ 
30  j 

32  I 
21 

33  I 
27 

38  ! 
41 


—44= 
33 
28 
43 
37 
34 

33 

85 

31 

30 

24 

20 

17 

32 

39 

33 

29 

32 

39 

45 

43 

38 
40 
37 
30 
32 
21 
33 
29 
39 
41 


Mean. 


"^''■!Lzi^'':!Li;i^  -33.31 -33.55 -33.20 -32.^5  '-?[>.wi-: 

Con-ection  to  relVr  to  me.in  of  24  ^^W^U^,7Z_oo.03. 


33.11  —33. 


7S 


— :!9°.3 
39.3 
30.3 
30.4 
40.1 
35.8 
30.0 
34.8 
29.3 
35.7 
25.9 
22.2 
LU^.'o 
111.3 
38.0 
30.3 
29.0 
2S.2 
35.5 
42.5 
42.2 
41.3 
40.1 
38.7 
32.2 

■mkH 

25.8 
2S.0 
31.3 
34.4 
41.0 


—33.54 


Dny 

of  lllf 

niuntli 


1 


10 

11 

12 
13 
14 
15 
10 
17 
IS 
19 


Lilt, 
iiiirtli. 


Long. 

Wi'St  of 

<  ■  roen . 


Tort  Ki'iini'ilv 
72'^  Ol'|94°  14 
Wiutur  Qu.-iitors 


February,  1859. 


20 

(( 

(( 

21 

l( 

(1 

22 

(( 

t( 

23 

(( 

(( 

24 

(( 

(( 

25 

l( 

U 

20 

<< 

u 

27 

(1 

28 

l( 

Ml'.I!! 

72,0 

m  2 

-41' 

— 4P 

—41° 

—39 

27 

28 

28 

27 

25 

20 

25 

25 

10 

14 

12 

17 

31 

32 

35 

34 

38 

32 

30 

32 

38 

38 

39 

39 

45 

40 

45 

44 

42 

43 

42 

43 

45 

44 

44 

43 

39 

39 

37 

liU 

24 

21 

23 

20 

25 

20 

27 

27 

40 

41 

41 

41 

4S 

40 

44 

38 

40 

41 

42 

43 

35 

34 

34 

34 

44 

43 

44 

40 

45 

45 

43 

43 

42 

39 

41 

39 

37 

39 

43 

41 

30 

30 

34 

33 

30 

33 

34 

34 

41 

38 

30 

34 

30 

37 

37 

37 

39 

38 

37 

37 

39 

38 

37 

37 

3S 

39 

42 

44 

-36.04 


27 

35 

30 

37.1 

44 

44 

43 

36 

21 

28 

41 

37 

44.  ."i 

32 

45 

42 


Noon. 


41, 


8" 


10" 


MUIn't, 


—34° 
20 
24 
30 
35 
29 
38 
41 
43 
42 
35 
21 
29 
40 
44 
42 
31 
45 
41 


-3(j.32i— 30.321—36.97  (—; 


37 

35 

37 

30 

31 

30 

33 

34 

37 

37 

37 

38 

30 

30 

30 

30 

43 

41 

-35.80 

—35.25 

—33° 
iU 
24 
30 
35 
32 
40 
43 
43 
41 
34 
21 
30 
41 
41 
41 
30 
40 
39 

36  I 
32 


—32° 
25 
21 
30 
31 
33 
41 
43 
43 
38 
32 
22 
32 
42 
40 
41 
39 
47 
38 
37 
38 


29 

30 

37 

38 

33 

35 

37 

39 

.'!0 

38 

34 

30 

40 

39 

32^ 

25 
20 
31 
30 
33 
40 
45 
42 
38 
30 
24 
35 

43 

40 

39 

40 

48 

39 

30 

39 

30 

38 

30 

39 

40 

41 

37 


—21' 
23 
20 
32 
30 
34 
40 
45 
42 
38 
30 
20 
30 

45 

42 

38 

40 

47 

44 

30 

39 

28 

39 

37 

38 

40 

40 

34 


—22= 
25 
21 
33 
37 
34 
42 
42 
43 
40 
28 
25 
37 
45 

41 

38 

42 

45 

44 

37 

30 

29 

39 

30 

37 

40 

30 

33 


—20' 
24 
18 
31 
38 
3iy 
43 
42 
43 
39 
25 
25 
38 
45 
42 
30 

42.; 

45 
45 
40 
38 
30 
41 
38 
38 
42 
37 
34 


Mean. 


-33°.  3 
25.8 
22.8 
25.3 
34.8 
33.0 
39.0 
43.8 
42.8 
41.2 
33.4 
22.8 
30. 8 
42.1 
41.9 
40.5 
30.0 
45.4 
42.3 
37.8 
37.4 
31.3 
35.8 

;io.5 

37.5 
3S.2 
37.3 
3S.7 


-36.25  _35.82|-30.28'-30.O7l-35.90|-30.59t-30.O3 


Cnrrection  to  refer  mean  of  12  to  menu  of  24  ..l.^orvntiona  = 


— 0°.03. 


OF  OBSERVATIONS   FOR   TEMPERATURE. 


11 


iMiJn't 

Mcnn. 

—44" 

—39°.  3 

33 

39.3 

28 

30.3 

43 

30'.4 

37 

40.1 

34 

35.8 

33 

3<;.li 

35 

34.8 

31 

29.3 

36 

3 -,.7 

24 

25.9 

20 

22.2 

17 

19.0 

32 

19.3 

39 

38.0 

33 

30.3 

29 

29.(j 

32 

2S.2 

39 

35.5 

45 

42.5 

43 

42.2 

38 

41.3 

40 

40.1 

37 

3S.7 

30 

32.2 

32 

30.3 

21 

25.8 

33 

2S.0 

29 

31.8 

39 

.34.4 

41 

41.0 

-33.78 


•33.54 


i.59|— 3i;.03 


Temiieratuue  of  the  Am  in  Shade  observed  on  hoard  the  Yacht  Fox. 
(E.xpresseil  in  degrees  of  K.-ihrunneit'a  scale.) 

March,  1859. 


of  the 


Correction  to  refer  oliserveJ  mean  to  mean  from  24  observations  ■— 


12 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION 


Temi-ekatlke  of  the  Am  in  Shade  ofiSEiivEc  on  iioAnD  the  ^'acut  Fox. 
(Kxpressoil  iu  degreoa  of  Faluenheit's  scale.) 

May,  1859. 


Diiv 
of  tiiu 
incinth. 


I.iitiluile 
nurtli. 


I.Dii/ritndQ 

'VfSt  of 

Orecmvifh. 


1 
o 

4 
5 
t) 

7 

8 

1) 

10 

11 

12 

i;i 

14 

15 

lii 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 
23 
24 
2n 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Port  Koniicilv 

72'    01'     I     1145     H- 

Wiuter  Qn.ivtor.s 


Noon 


(P 


v.r, 

8.5 


4^ 
11 
9.5 
5.5 


Me.in 


■i 

II 

19 

4 

9 

0 

3 

8 

1    11.5 

rj 

11.5 

1   14 

(! 

;   ji 

7 

10.5 

12 

li! 

22.5 

19 

14 

20.5 

14 

10 

12 

13.5 

20 

22 

25.5 

17 

19.5 

24 

23 

24.5 

10 

15.5 

19 

21.5 

20 

22 

2« 

14 

15.5 

25 

19 

22 

18 

19 

21.5 

22.5 

0 

» 

17 

17.5 

19 

00 

18 

22 

23 

IC 

l(i 

20 

24.5 

2(5 

27.5 

19 

20 

31 

20 

22    ! 

35 

24 

21; 

33.5 

21 

32.5 

25.5 

20 

21 

24.5 

2.0 


94.2 


+13.34  I   -f.lC.50  i   +18.81   ,  +18.21   |   +14.2(1 
Correction  to  refer  observed  mean  to  mean  from  24  observations  =  — 0 


June,  1859. 


Dnv 

of  liio 

month. 


Latitudo 
north. 


liongitiulo 

west  of 
Oret'nwic'ii. 


3 

4 

5 

(J 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 


Tort  Kennedy 

72°    01'     I     ui"    14' 

Winter  Quarters 


8i> 


Noon. 


41, 


IV' 


Menn. 


22 

.1 

23 

u 

24 

1( 

25 

<( 

26 

<( 

27 

(( 

28 

t( 

29 

11 

30 

't 

Mean 

72.0 

94.2 


20° 

19 

31.5 

31 

30 

27 

33 

32 

34 

33 

33 

36 

an 

■33.5 

3i! 

38 

38 

34.5 

36 

34 

36 

35 

33 

35 

36 

35 

34.5 

35 

37 

38 


24° 

21 

36 

38 

33.5 

34.5 

36 

37.5 

36.5 

36 

33.5 

48 

41 

37 

48 

39.5 

47.5 

38.5 

42.5 

43 

37..') 

39 

33.5 

38 

41 

36.5 

35 

40 

40 

44.5 


27°.  5 

25 

45.5 

42.5 

44.5 

39.5 

36 

39 

40 

35.5 

38.5 

41.5 

41.5 

39.5 

45 

43 

50.5 

39.5 

37.5 

49 

47.5 

37 

37 

39 

41 

39.6 

37 

39.5 

35.5 

41 


25° 

28.5 

38 

38 

33 

34 

34.5 

37 

39.5 

34.5 

36 

38 

39 

36 

44.5 

42 

43 

36 

38 

38 

40 

37 

35 

38.5 

39 

38 

36.5 

37 

37 

37 


24°.  5 

25.5 

36 

30 

30.5 

30.5 

32 

32.5 

31.5 

33 

37 

34.5 

34 

34 

38.6 

38 

34 

35 

34.5 

32.5 

37.5 

35.5 

34.5 

35 

34.5 

37.5 

«« 

35 

39 

.35.5 


19°.5 

23 

27.5 

25 

25.5 

27.5 

26 

31 

31.5 

29.5 

34 

31 

29.5 

30.5 

35 

35 

33 

34.5 

32.5 

33 

34.5 

33 

33 

32.5 

32.5 

34 

33.5 

34.5 

37 

34 


+2:i=.4 
23.7 
35.7 
34.1 
,32.8 
32.2 
32.9 
34.8 
35.5 
33.0 
35.3 
38.2 
37.3 
.35.1 

41.2 
39.3 

40.9 

36.3 

36.8 

38.2 

38.8 

30.1 

34.7 

30.3 

37.3 

36.8 

35.4 

30.8 

37.6 

3S.3 


+33^i3^  I  +38.05   I  +39.82  i   +30.92      +33.93  I 
Correction  to  refer  mean  of  0  to  mean  of  24  nb^vations  =  — 0°.41. 


+31.08  I     +35.52 


■it 


OP   OBSERVATIONS  FOB   TEMPERATURE. 


13 


TeMI'EHATURE 

OF  THE  Air  i\  Shade  oiisERVEn  ox  doard  the  Y'acht  Vox. 

(Kxpresaed  in  degrees  of  l-'alirenlciit's  scale.) 

July,  1859, 

Dny 

i.„.      J'Oifr. 

<    r," 

! 

1    llii 

Mean 

"''  '''"     liorUl    !''"■■■'  "f 

2" 

6" 

8" 

10" 

Noon. 

2'' 

41, 

«i' 

8" 

10" 

Moan,      of  « 

monlli.    """"■  j  Ureen. 

4» 

Midn't. 

1  ob^'ns. 

1       I'drt  Kennedy 

37°.5 

43° 

43'.6 

40° 

41° 

4(1^ 

+  l(i^(;  4.4(1°  H 
4:1,5       4:i.7 

2      72^(11':  114^14' 

,  , 

42      '• 

,  , 

60 

,  , 

44 

,  , 

45 

,  , 

43,5 

•  '(••' 

3 

Winter 

38      ' 

40 

.  , 

41,5 

,  , 

38 

,  , 

31; 

33.5 

:!",()  j     37,8 

4 
S 
6 

Quarters 

" 

38      1 
37 

42,5 

41.5 

40 

37.5 

3S.9  1     39,1 

*( 

3,5° 

37°    '     ;i7.5 

4ii° 

44 
42 

42° 
41 

40.5 
•  38.5 

39°.6 
38.6 

38 
37 

35° 
36 

34.5 

1     36 

39,2 
37,9 

3i; 

7 

U 

35.5 

38 

38      ;     38 

40.5 

41.5 

42.5  !     41.5 

37 

36 

35 

i     34.5 

3.'-,2 

8 

It 

32 

33 

32 

42 

40.5 

39.5 

36.6 

39.6 

37 

36.6 

35 

1     35 

36,5 

11 

(1 

34.5 

35 

36 

36 

37 

43 

39.5 

38 

37.5 

36 

33.6 

;    34 

36,7 

]M 

(1 

34 

30 

32 

35,5 

40 

40 

36.6 

35.5 

35 

35 

35 

3(i 

35.4 

11 

u 

35 

34,5 

38 

39 

39 

39 

41 

41.6 

40 

37      •     37 

35.5 

38.0 

12 

34 

35      1 

36      :     36.5 

38 

37 

38 

39 

38 

36,5  '     3(i 

37 

;!6.7 

Hi 

37      1     40 

40      j     40 

39 

42 

38 

37 

40.5 

39 

37 

35 

38.7 

14 

35.5        3«      , 

38      j     43 

43 

42 

42 

39.5 

4(1 

39 

36.5 

36 

39.1 

15                 " 

34 

34 

34 

34 

34.5 

38 

42 

38 

38 

37.5       36 

35 

3(;,3 

ID     1             " 

35 

37     : 

38.5 

35 

42 

42 

40 

39 

37.6 

37      i     36 

35 

37.8 

17 

35 

36    ; 

40 

46 

44 

43 

45      :     42 

39 

39 

36 

35 

4(1.0 

lb 

34 

33           ; 

34 

37 

37 

37 

37.5 

37 

37 

37 

36 

.     34 

35,9 

in 

34 

35 

35.5 

37 

40.5        40.5 

39 

;i9 

38 

37 

35 

i     35 

37.2 

20 

33 

32      I 

3" 

42 

47.5  1     42 

42 

42.5 

42 

40 

38 

i     37.6 

39.6 

21 

37 

38 

38 

38 

40 

41 

40 

40 

41 

41 

40 

39 

;i9.4 

oo 

;!9 

41 

42 

45 

49 

49 

49 

60 

46 

45 

44 

38 

44,8 

23 

i'^ 

f 

46 

48 

46.5 

47 

46 

43.5 

43 

40 

37 

34 

43.3 

24 

35 

39 

43 

44 

49 

52 

47 

47 

45 

44 

42 

40.6 

44.0 

2r) 

38 

39 

42 

44 

42 

44 

42      ,     42 

43 

41 

41 

40 

41.5 

2(i 

39 

42 

45 

44 

50           52 

49      :     46 

46 

46 

43 

42 

45.3 

27 

40 

39      ' 

42 

42 

43 

49 

41 

41 

41 

40 

44 

37 

• 

41.6 

28 

:i8 

40      ! 

44 

49 

49 

42 

42 

47 

43 

43 

41 

37 

42,9 

2!) 

Off  Observa- 

38 

38 

38 

40 

50 

55 

53 

54 

55 

53 

45 

41 

46.7 

liO 

tion  I'uiiit 

41 

40    : 

42 

45 

45 

48 

47           50      ! 

49 

45 

47 

49 

45,7 

31 

*' 

43 

39 

45 

45 

46           46      1 

49            50       ; 

46 

47 

47 

41 

45.3 

Meau  1  72.0  |  1)4.2 

+3ti51+!7.24- 

1-39  24 
on  to  r 

+41  29  +42.90  +4:J.4b  +42  34  +41.98 

+41  07 
ms  :=  - 

+40  02+38  56 
-11°. 01. 

+36  9,- +40.13: 

Correct 

efer  mean  of  12  to  mean  of  24  observati 

August,  1 

859. 

1 

Dny 

)f 

LntiUulo 

Longitmlo 

1 

1 

the  month. 

north. 

wept  of 

4"                  8" 

(      Noon. 

41, 

Si> 

Midn't. 

Moar 

. 

1 

Grcf'iwifh. 

' 

1 

i'ort  Kennedy 

41°                42° 

45° 

45° 

42° 

40° 

3( 

5 

2 

t(            (( 

39                37 

36 

35 

35 

35 

> 

3 

((            i( 

35        i        34 

36 

41 

40 

39 

37.5        .                  1 

4 

((            (( 

39         I         40 

41 

41 

40 

:i4 

39,2 

,'■) 

*'            *' 

33        i        37 

39 

39 

42 

39 

38.1 

, 

(i 

"            (( 

34                39 

S9 

40 

40 

38 

38. i 

7 

"            *' 

36         ;         38 

34.5 

41 

39 

33 

36. f 

,s 

u               u 

32         !         35 

37 

37 

34 

33 

34,7 

9 

Long  Island 

33         ■         34 

34 

37 

36 

33 

34.; 

10 

Adelaide  Bay 

33                34 

36 

39 

36 

33 

35.: 

11 

-  -  - 

.  .  . 

33                 3ll 

39 

39 

36 

40 

37. ^ 

12 

-  -  - 

38                 39 

40.5 

39 

39. 

j 

3S 

39.1 

11) 

-  -  - 

-  -  . 

38                37 

38.5 

38.5 

41 

40 

38. 6 

14 

-  -  - 

-  -  - 

41                41 

40 

3S 

38. 

t 

42 

4(1.1 

1,5 

Off  I'liiy  Beach 

39                   38 

37 

35 

34. 

'} 

31 

35.7 
33.1 

lU 
17 

IS 

OfV  Khvin  Bay 

31                   35.5 

36 

32 

33 

31 

72"  5.5' 

87°  l(i' 

32                 3,5 

38 

.34 

3.5 

36 

35. ( 

'  -|-34°.0 

1!) 

74    00 

79    40 

32                 33 

33 

33 

32 

31 

32.: 

2(1 

73    12 

76    40 

32                 31 

35 

34 

30 

31 

32.: 

21 

72    43 

72      « 

33                31 

35 

31.5 

34 

34 

33]  i 

22 

73    01 

67    17 

33                34 

34 

31 

32 

31 

32.5 

23 

73     19 

60    15 

35                 36 

38 

38 

34 

36 

36.2 

24 

72      7 

59       8 

36                 38 

38 

37 

37 

37 

37  'f 

2,5 

70    4tl 

55     .57 

36                 37 

39 

35 

36 

36 

<J  1  ,^ 

36,,' 

28 

U9     39 

55    30 

35                 35 

38 

37 

39 

37 

3(1, S 

27 

Oodhaven 

33 

36 

36 

37 

35 

36 

35.5 

28 

*' 

31 

36 

38 

41) 

36 

36 

36.2 

29 

ti 

37 

38 

40 

42 

47 

33 

39.6 

30 
31 

It 

32 

39 

47 

44 

411 

38 

40.(1 

1 

36                  38 

44 

42 

39 

37 

39.3 

Mean              71.9        |         71). .s 

+34  85 

+36  37 

+37.97    1    +37.65 

+37,1 
)ns  lieco 

0    i    +35  52 

+;i6. 

1 

_ 

T 

lie  correo 

ion  to 

refei 

mean  of  6  to  mean  of  24  observatii 

me.s 

zero. 

^■^■■1 

Il:     ■>: 


Mean 


RECORD   AND  REDUCTION 

(l.xprcisoa  ,n  (Ifgrocs  of  Fahronheifs  scale.) 


September,  1859. 


s 

«0 

20 

» 

.18 

41 

Id 

r,s 

(18 

11 

.17 

27 

l:i 

.'.(J 

14 

i;i 

r,:> 

.34 

14 

r)4 

2.1 

ir. 

.1;! 

2,1 

1(1 

02 

n.1 

17 

.11 

IS 

is 

50 

'?.H 

5S.9 


4(1.9        U4a0j_-Hl.7    I    +47.(3    I^ZlTXi^^Ii^ 
Correction  to  refer  me^u'^iT^^^^^^^^^j^J^^^^^^  ^  ,^^^ 


+45.0    I    -1-45.79 


i|-M|| 


^'o(es  to  the  preceding  Abstract  of  the  Temperature  Record. 
July,  1857.     The  column  lioaded  "mean"  rnnf.„-n«  fi,« 
donvod  Irom  .six  o,uidi,.tant  oKsorvatio^the  fi':  o^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  '^"^^y^^- 

duced  mean"  wore  obtained  as  follows:  Si  nno'o  the  no^n  "^xt  column  of  "de- 
be  required  from  the  observations  at  8  A  M  ai  d  8  P  m  H  ^^r'''"'''  '^  ^'"^^  '^ 
of  these  hours  in  the  fidl  series  were  con  p'idJthtiidr  re  T'""'^  ^'  ""^^ 
given  in  the  preceding  column  •  fl.n.  f.-nrv, '/o      ,       "'  "'''"  respective  mean,  as 

s  A.  u.  ..^„  .„  „,!,:;:;;:  '„::;:;M  if ;;  ->  - ";;«« co™.i„,.  .„  .,.„ 

manner,  for  the  8  P.  M.  readiii"-  +0°  •>      A     i  ..  ^'  +     •^'  """"^  '"  ""  «''"'I«f 

57.5  respectively,  and  tak^lVn  ea~n  ^2^Z ^''^7^''^'''  ''  '''''  ^^ 
67°.7.     The  following  table  contains  ftl  ?•       ^'  '''^  *''"  "''""  t^n^P'^rature 

"    8  A.  M. 
"    noon 
mi  .  niKinignt  4-10 

the  tables  of  hourly  correetioiis  for  no  o^j"  V  f  "'^'"'''  ^  ^''"^^^  "^'-^^^  "^'^^  "f 
heini,  as  given  in  tlie  Sin  1  n[:;  ^  o  "S  o^T  /  ^^^^^^^'^-^  ^^^''^  -d  Droiit- 
by  A.  Guyot,  and  also  of  a  shn  L  t  h  '"'^^''^^rological  and  physical  tables 

meteorologicd  observa  ions  fo  V  [  ^1^  lf""l/^'''^^^^^"-'-  «f  ^^  Kane's 
sonian  Contributions  to  KnowLLe  Z T'  ."""i  v  '  "^  ''"^-  '''•  «^  ^'^^  ^mith- 
Leith,  we  have,  for  the  month  of  Jul vtb''  V'"''  *"  ''^'''^'  ^^^^  '^^^»  ^^ded 

month  of  July,  the  correction  to  the  mean  of  six  observa- 


+  0°.5 
+  0.8 
—0.8 


For  4  P.  M. 
8  P.  M. 

midnight 


— 1°.5 

+  0.2 
+  1.0 


OP  OBSERVATIONS  FOR  TEMPRUATURE.  16 

<ions  at  4",  8'',  12",  A.  M.  and  P.  M.,  to  obtain  the  daily  mean  from  twenty-four 
observations : — 

lintiliido. 

Boothia  Felix    ....     f,y°  59' 

Droiilheitn         ....     t'i,'J  26 

Van  Uciis.scliici'  ,         .         .78  >')7 

Lcith 55  59 


Lnngitude. 

92°   r 

—  10      25 

70     5.3 

—  ;;    10 


Fulironlicit. 

0°.00 
—0.09 
— O.Ofi 
+  0.06 


Adopted  correction oo;} 

The  rosultin-?  moan  temponitnre  for  the  raontli  of  July,  in  latitude  62°  N  and 
longitude  39°.l  W.  is,  therefore,  +-io°M  _oo„o  ^  _,_4.3o  ^..^  .^^  „-^^^^  j,^  ^j^^ 
general  table  of  results.  Tiie  means  for  the  hours  4,  8,  and  12,  are  derived  from 
the  observations  between  the  Gth  and  the  31st,  omitting  those  on  the  19th,  and 
taking  5.3°  for  the  interpolated  value  at  4"  A.  M.  on  the  Gth.'  For  the  .sake  of 
uniformity,  the  quantity  +1°.2G  has  been  added  to  each  of  the.so  hourly  mean.s,  so 
that  the  mean  of  all  may  again  produce  45°..jG. 

The  correction  to  refer  the  mean  from  the  observations  at  certain  houns  of  the 
day  to  the  mean  derived  from  twenty-four  readings  a  day,  for  the  remaining  months 
ha.s  been  deduced  from  the  observations  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  and  Boothia 
i'elix.     The  follo^'ing  table  contains  these  corrections: 


ConnECTiox  DEDKCEn.                   | 

Mouth. 

Yoar. 

ObsorveJ  Hours. 

Van  Ron.«sfIner         DonHiia 

Ilarljur.                Felix. 

Mean. 

August 

S.'ptcmbur 

Oetiiljur 

1S57,  1S58,  IS.OI) 
11 

4,  8,  12,  A.M.  anil  1'.  M. 

2,4,  U,  8,  10,  12,  A.M.  an.lP.  M. 

— 0°.Ol                   o°.00 
—0.01          ,       —0.07 

0°.00 
— 0.04 

NoVfUibor 
Docfiiibisr 

"      1S58 

((            u 

■<                11                II 
<<                II                II 

--O.04                     0.(10 
-j-0.02              -|-o.2;5 

--0.02 
--0.12 

.lanii.Tiy 

18,')8, 18.'J9 

II                          U                           II 

0.(10 

-fo.ol 

0.00 

I'Vbi'uary 

<(              u 

<<                   11                   II 

—  O.O.'J 

—0.01 

— 0.03 

Maixli 

u                (1 

11                  11                   II 

— 0.0,') 

—0.01 

— 0.O3 

April 

May 

.Iimo 

"                  11                   II 
4,  8,  12,  A.  M.  .ind  P.  M. 

-  -0.04 

-  -0.02 
— O.IH 

0.00 
-fo.oi 
—0.01 

-  -0.02 
--0  (12 
—0.07 

.Iul.v 

II 

—0.16 

4-0.01 

—0.07 

Scptcmbor 

II 

11               11 

—0.03 

0.00 

—0.01 

October 

II 

11               11 

--0.10 
— 0.2(i 

—O.Ol 

0.00 

April 
May 

1659 
If 

5,  8,  12,  A.  M. ;  4,  8,  11,  P.  M. 

0.00 

— o.i:!* 

-1-0.0.') 
—0.17 

June 

tt 

—0.42 

— 0.3(i» 

— 0.3> 



—0.44 

—0.39* 

—0.41 

*  Imlicates  Uiat  tlie  weiglit  2 
being  tlio  nearer  one. 

has  been  given  to  the  correction  di 

rived  from  the  Boothia  Fell 

s  station,  ns 

August,  1857.     The  two  omissions  on  the  Gth  were  supplied  by  42°  and  43° 

1 9^rf'V'"l^'T;  \^f ;    ^^'°  ^''"''  ^"'  ^''^  2^^* '''''  interpolated  as  follows  :  2  A.*M. 

4  1        'r'Tf'  '"?  ''  ^-  ''•  ''°-'-     ^'""^  ''^'^  ol^-rvations  between  the  21st 

and  oOth,  w'o  find  that  the  moan  of  twelve  observations  a  day  is  0°.lo  smaller  than 

hat  derived  fi'om  six  observations  a  day;  the  second  column  of  means  between 

the  1st  and  21st,  therefore,  is  derived  from  the  preceding  column  by  subtractin-^ 


'  Tiie  interpolated  value  for  8  P.  M.  on  llic  21st  is  .^SO.G. 


il    !l 

i. 

i    i  i 
! 

; 

;  ■  ■■■ 

ji 

le 


RECORD   AND  RKDUCTIOX 


0°.l  and  0=.2  altcnmt.ly  IVoui  tl.o  succo.ssive  dailv  u.can,s.     Tho  nionthl-Mnonn 
e.„porat..ro  at  the  hours  4,  8,  noon,  4,  S,  .idni^h,  .as  (hst  .nad^  ::'   H'! 
n    hod  by  the  above  constant  0°.ir.,  their  „,oan  woukl  exactly  give  l'J°.o5)      To 
obtain  the  intermediate  vahies  fur  2,  G,  10   A  M   -ind  P  Af    ihl  .1  V       . 

fvvr.nn  ti„.  ■> I  f       1  -nn  ,        '      '  ""  ^-  ^^^  ^^^  obscrvation.s  be- 

tween tiie  2Lst  and  .JOth  were  used  as  Iblluws:— 


Muaii  tc'inii.  til  iiii(liii!.'lit  fen-  last  10  iliiys 

2  A.  yi. 

Differciieo 


12°..^0 
I1..S5 

—0.45 


Saino  for  30  days,  n°..'?8 


^h.ch,  apphed  to  U°.38,  g.ve.s  1GM)3;  in  the  same  way,  we  obtain  from  the  (bl- 
owing hour  4  A  M.,  the  vahie  17^;]S.     The  mean,  or  17M5,  has  conL    enUy 
been  adopted  as  tlie  n.ean  monthly  temperature  at  2  A.  M.     The  remainin. 'values 
were  derived  in  a  similar  manner.  '""i  Iq  \aiucs 

February,  1858.     On  the  11th  and  some  following  days,  there  are  occasionullv 
pe^  hgn^mserted  between  the  lines.     These  are^^eitL  used  nor  :::^!' 
Ap  il,_  18-8.     The  daily  mean  irom  six  observations  diflers  from  the  daily  mean 
n-om  twice    his^iiumber  ot  observations  by  0M3,  as  found  from  the  values  Ix>twe 
he  1st  and  l.th;  a  correction  of -0°.  13  has,  therefore,  been  applied  to  the  de- 
dueed  means  on  and  after  tlie  18tl,  in  order  to  refer  the  same  to  the  result  produced 
by  twelve  observations.     The  hourly  means  at  the  bottom  of  the  pa-e  were  ob 
tamed  in  the  manner  explained  in  the  note  to  the  hourly  means  of'the  montn  of 
September,  18u7,,  vi/  :  through  a  comparison  of  IV  hourly  means  of  tIie/«//  series 
and  applying  the  correction  (the  mean  found  Irom  the  preceding  and  followii,.: 
column)  to  the  monthly  mean  at  the  hours  4,  8,  12,  etc 

m'^'/^i^.^^'o  ^Im  ^'-'"^P*^''''^"^^  '-^t  8  A.  M.  on'the'2d  was  assumed  to  be  30°  5 
March,  lbo9.     The  correction  to  refer  the  mean  from  six  observations  on  each 
oi  the  last  lour  days  of  the  month  to  the  daily  mean  as  resulting  from  twelve  ob- 
servations, was  found  by  comparison  of  the  respective  means  on  the  twelve  da^:^ 
prece  ing;  it  was  found  -0°.1G.     The  mean  hourly  temperature  fbr  the  hours  2 
G,  8,  10,  was  obtained  by  the  process  applied  on  two  former  occasions 

•    r^'?  '  !f "f ;,  ^''r  ''"'  •"  ^^''  '"^"'""  ^''''  ^"  ""^^  '»  ^J'«  ^«1"'""  f"»-  nndni-dit 
indicates  tha    the  observations  were  taken  one  hour  later  and  one  hour  earlier:  or 

followhl'o  '''^'"'''''^y-     T^'^'^  l'^'^'^'^^'  ^vas  discontinued  on  the  oth  of  July 

July,  1859.  For  the  temperatures  of  the  Gtli,  at  the  hours  2,  4,  6  10  A  M 
I  have  adopted  the  interpolated  values  36°,  3G°.5,  SO",  43°,  respeeti'vei;.  'The 
correction  to  refer  the  mean  of  six  ob..  nations  (hours  o,  8,  noon,  4,  8,  11)  to  the 
mean  of  twelve  observations  (hours  4,  8,  12,  A.  M.  and  P.  M.),  was  derived  from 
the  tabes  constructed  for  Van  Rensselaer  and  Boothia  Felix;  the  la  t"  ...^0 
having  the  weight  2,  it  was  found  =  -0°.21,  which  auantity  ^.as  applied  i  e 
first  column  o  means,  July  1st  to  July  4th  inclusive.  To  obtain  the  correct 
hourly  means  lor  the  month,  the  numbers  in  the  column  for  5-  (first  four  days) 
were  fii.t  referred  to  the  reading  at  4'"  by  subtracting  O.o.  The  Lne  correctkm 
was  applied  to  refer  the  readings  from  11  P.  M.  to  midniuht.  Tb.  monthly  me ■  ui s 
ior  the  hours  4,  8,  12,  A.  M.  and  P.  M.,  being  known,  tl^e  means  for  t      h i "  ^ 


■f- 


OF   OHSERVATIOXS   FOR   TKMPERA'.       UE. 


17 


(liate  hours  wore  found  by  comparison  of  iho  roMpcctivo  readings  on  the  lust  twcnty- 
fcvcn  days  of  tlic  nioritli,  as  lian  Ikhmi  fxplainod  in  HJniiiiir  ciiht'H. 

Augii.st,  18j!,».  TIjo  value  ;it°.()  i\n-  tlio  moan  tiMuiiL'riitnro  on  tho  ITtii  was 
intfr[)()latc'd,  wliich  requiifd  a  corresponding  diminution  of  ()°.US  for  each  of  tlio 
lioinly  means,  in  order  to  produce  tlie  same  montiiiy  tem[)eraturo  of  -f  3(j°.58. 

.^I'ptendAT,  1^')'.}.  Tlio  means  of  tliis  month  a-e  of  little  value,  the  month  being 
incompleie,  and  the  change  in  latitude  (and  longitude)  very  considerable. 

The  two  following  tables  contain  a  recapitulation  of  the  results  of  the  preceding 
abstracts.  Table  I  e.xhiljits  the  mean  monthly  temperature  at  the  locality  indi- 
cated by  its  latitude  and  longitude,  also  the  rc/atirc  maxima  and  miinnuv,  and  nda- 
tive  monthly  extreme  range,  as  observed  in  either  the  bi-hourly  or  the  four-hourly 
fories.  The  absolute  maxima  and  minima  were  not  recorded.  Table  II  contains 
the  mean  monthly  temperatures  for  each  observing  hour,  and  is  intended  to  servo 
as  (lie  basis  for  the  discussion  of  the  diurnal  variation,  while  tlu;  Hrst  table  fur- 
nishes the  means  for  the  discu.ssion  of  the  annual  variation  of  the  temperature. 
The  column  headed  '-'mean,"  in  Tal)le  IT,  differs  from  the  corresponding  colunni  in 
Table  I,  for  this  reason:  that,  in  Table  II,  no  correction  has  been  ai-pHed  to  refer 
the  mean  of  six  or  twelve  observations  in  a  day  (as  the  case  may  be)  to  the  read- 
ing of  twenty-four  observations. 


Table  I.— Recapitulation  of  Re.sults  of  .AIonthly  Mean  Temperatures  of  the  Air  in  Shade 

OJiSEHVEl)  ON  liOAIlI)  THE  YacHT  FoX. 
(Kxpri'.s.SL'il  in  (Irgrees  of  F.ilironlioit's  aoalc.) 


Yenr. 


1857 


1858 


1859 


Month. 


July 

Aniinst 

Scpti'tnber 

Oc'Kil.iT 

Dffciubor 

Janiiaiy 

Ft'ltiiiary 

Miiivh 

April 

M.iy 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

J.iimaiy 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Septeuiber 


Lntitude 
north. 


(i2'.0 

74.0 

75.;! 

75.2 

74.8 

74.3 

73.2 

71.5 

-till.  4 

Oli.O 

GS.7 

74.6 

74.4 

73.1 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

71.9 

58.y 


Longitudo  j         Moan 
west.       I  temi>oriitiirn 


3S)°.l 

5!). 8 
(15.0 
07.  U 
Oll.l 
07.4 
«3.7 
U0.9 
5!».l 
57.7 
53.7 
60.1 
76.4 
88.5 
94.4 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
94.2 
79.8 
40.9 


--34.65 
--19.50 
5.73 

-  4.76 
-21.55 
-24. S7 
-15.34 

-  3.29 
8.06 

29.S3 
-35.9" 
-:!6.61l 
-34.52 

-  -25.43 
7.59 

11.17 
—32.97 
—33.57 
—36.06 
—17.76 

—  2.62 
--15.04 
--35.11 
--40.12 
--36.58 
--45.79 


llelatlvo 
niaxinm. 

-|-lil° 

--36 

-  -;>■' 
--31 

-  8 
-.11 

--32 

-  -38 
--45 
-.50 
--49 

-44 


.-13 
—16 
—14 
—12 
--12 

-31 

-35 

-50.5 

-55 
--47 


Relative 
luiiiinia. 


4-31  = 
-j-23 

—  2 
— IS.-I 
—32 
—36 
— 46 
—39.5 
—27 
—26 
--10.5 
--28 
--31 
--J4.5 
--  8 
—21 
—35 
—47 
—48 
—48 
-39 
—27 

—  0.5 
4-19 
4-30 
-1-30 


Relative       .C'"-rerti„n  for 

range.        ""''■•"  "''"'  "" 
nieiin  telilp.). 


30° 

28 

38 

45.5 

63 

41 

38 

50,5 

59 

64 

34.5 

22 

18 

19.5 

29.5 

49.5 

48 

31 

S4 

36 

51 

58 

35.5 

31.5 

25 

17 


-0"'.07 

-0.16 

-0.20 

-0.20 

-0.19 

-0.1 1 

-0.05 


-0.15 
-0.43 
-0.66 
-0.83 
-1.02 
-0.46 
-0.30 


'rom  18  days'  obaervationa 


r 


■m 


tfi 


ISKCOItl)    \  M,    HKDUCTFON 


hi 


■  ill'"' 


'''^"';-  "  — I»"^»NA..  VAH,.vn..N  OP  TUK  TK.M,.K„.vn  UK  OF  ,„K  A...  IN  S„,vi,K 


l---17.i;:;-f.M.7.-. -.]-■* 
iV-l-  .|.:!l  4.  ,•,.-14:  ,; 


1( 

April 

(( 

May 

Juno 

l< 

July 

Autf. 

" 

i^i'pt. 

-  4.!iS  _  4, 
—21.17  —21, 
-24.1I2  —24. 
T)— ]li.]«'_J,-,,llsl_],-, 
4;)—  (l.o:!  _  l-i.iKi  _  ;) 

■  ••i.:!."'  +  4.l;i 
■27.i;ii 
■:i4.,-,2 
-j-:!4..'-.7 1      ..      l-(.:ii;, 

-|-2.t.2.',!      ..       Xu. 

■U.2'l  — lll.Cll  l.\y\ 

■  ■'2 -32.41  _;i2.(;(i  _;);i, 
."■■*— :i4.2ii  — .•!:i.!i7  —X) 
,114— ;i(i.;i2  — ;ii!.:i:>  —:!.', 
ini --21.110  — 2i.,';7— ly. 


'ti 
ijlf 

1^; 


W  —  4 
•  111  —21 
.72  —24 
,.'.-,  —  l.V 

44—  1, 
..'II  -f-lii, 
.li!>  .  . 
.02,'  .  . 
.-M'  .. 
.44  .  . 
,i:s  .  . 
,;!"  ., 
li.-i  —Id 
..32  — ;i2 
,117  — ;i;!, 
.117  — ;ir., 

,45  —14, 


.lia  —  4.42 
,i'ii  —21.21 
,:ill  —24.  Ill 
.14  -14.11 
.34  4-  (1.47 
.14--I2.i;2 
.  -  -32.2,s 
.  ^--37.!i.i 
.  --3i).l,s 
--3'j.4<i 

-  -2':.4.-. 

+  !l.(i3 
,"3  — iii.;iu 
7>*  — 32.,'<1 
.'■i2  —33.31 
■'•li  — 3'1.2,'i 


—21 


—24 
— 1 


-I-  11.74 
-fl:!-37 


li;  -.:;; 

■(-  'i 
.1:2  —  4 
.4"  —21 
..'■i2  — 2fl 
II.'.— 14, 
74  —  11, 


—11 

—32 

—33 

— 3.' 

71»  — ll.Sl»  —12 


--3-^ 


.117  —11 
.74  -33, 
.^•'>  —33, 
,2.-,  _3.-., 
113  —13, 


—  4.S2  —  .'■..(Ml 
-21.44—21.14 
-24.117-2.1.21 
—l,'i.43 —],-,. (14 

-  2.411  — 4.7!» 
+l(i.3S+  7.77 

•  ■      ,'--3(1.(12 

. .     ;--3i;.32 
..    ;--;;(j.i4 

..       --34..-.J 

.     .  .     '-  -■:r,j;:i 

:        ■  .        -\-   7.2(i 

— n.s7  —12.17 

—33.27 '— 33.;i.i 
— 32.  s.'-, '—;):(.  1(1 
—30.28  — 3iJ.(p7 
~l».43i— H),22 


—  r..i7—  (;.((. 
— 21. hi; 22.24 

— 2,'i.(IH_li.-,j"il 
-1.1.43  _l.r,.7,| 

—  r)..'-,7—  0.01 

-f  (J.14-1.  ,1.03 


M  +37.24  -f3n.24  -1-41 
-H^.Olii      ..       4l4,1 


,       --33..-.II 
--:;4.74 

'-  -24] 73 
'-.  0.,13 
-12.23  _i:-.,r,7 
—33  4(l_;!3.'>!) 
— 33. 11  _;);),  ,-s 
— 3.->.il0_,'i,j.,-,.| 
—llt.-<2— -((.,;,; 


-21. .'i.'-. 
—24.  .-4 
-1.1.31 
3.31 
+  .^(14 
-)-21>.llll 
--30.(.i4 
--30.ia 

-  -.'14.. 12 

-  -2,1.43 
-f  7.  .14 
—11.211 
-32.117 

;i3.r>4 

30.  (in 
17.7'- 


Ducus.ion  ofiU  Annual  lanathn  an.!  of  iU  Te.n^eraUa-c  at  Bi^a-c.U  Seasons 

of  the  Ytar. 

wl.icli  «onni-,le^  yi^M,t         .  /    '    ;  '  "'"  °''""'-'''"  ™'™n»«  to  MI"t  Strait,, 
™  ™  „  T  1  '.*•'?' f'l'™  '"  b"  corrected  for  ,Iillb,oncc  of  i«i.i„,,.     Fo,-  tl,i, 

ftom  li.„  r,      f   r''"°  '*'"'  ""=  «™l'"''"'>'«  for  tI.o  minth  of  August  ("tefved 


'm 


()  :•'   ()  |{  S  K  K  V  A  T  I  O  N  8    F  O  K   T  K  M  I'  K  I!  A  T  U  U  E. 


ir> 


ainre. 


MMn't, 


--I7.:;.s 


Mffiu, 


-22.24 

— U.'i.lMI 

— l.-J.Td 
—  ti.di 

4-  J.ii;! 

7.7.'i 


+  -t.:il  +  .-..71 

—  4.8H 

-24!  s4 
-1.1. Ill 

--  n.;'i 
4-  •'*."4 
-(-2;i.ii(i 


-.:!;)..-H  L.;ii;,n4 
--;;4.74'-(-;i(;.i;i 

!4.,'-,2 


l;i.-,..^2  -f:ih'..-,8 

1-4.-1.(1(1  -1-4.'.. 8(1 


;.9 

iiied 
S58, 

the 
jrth 
aits, 

for 
this 
nth 
hcd 
Ex- 
lese 
ade 
led 
oly 

101'- 

0° 
'ed 
'•4, 


lAUi.K  III.  —  .Mka  I  .Monthly  TKMrKii.xii  iif.  hv  iiiK  .\ii!  in  Sii.mpk  oii.skiinkd  at  I'hht  Kk.nneuv, 
IN  LAriTUUE  72°  or  N.,  and  Lonoitcdk '.i»  J  It    W.,  in  hie  vkabs  185s  and  Is59. 


I8ri8 


iR.-.a 


AogU4t 

Bi'iifi'iiibor 

Of  cpIi.t 

NiPVl'llllMT 

Dt'ci'iiiliiir 
Jnmniry 


-|..1(l°.n5 
12^.41) 

4  7..V1 

—  11.17 

— ;(2.n7 
-:!:i..-.7 


IPft!) 


Piilirnary 

Mnnli 

April 

M.iy 

.Imin 


— 3(l'.n(i 
—17.7.1 

—  2.i;2 

4-1,'..  (14 
-|-4((.12 


To  oxprt'ss  the  uliovo  and  other  periodic  roHiiits  i'l  an  luiaK  tical  Ibrin.  IJcxHt'lrt 
fonnuhi  of  interpohition  for  periodic  fniictioDS,  ami  (1(  |ieii(liiiir  on  the  na'thod  of 
leii><t  .square.^,'  will  i)e  made  u.se  of  thnni^iioiit  the  (iiscii,«ion;  a  [jractice  which  ha.s 
now  become  almost  univernul  in  meteorological  and  many  other  physical  inve.sti- 


gatioii.s. 


The  above  luunberH  will  be  found  represented  by  the  formulii — 
T=  +2°.i7  +  lis^.-o  Hill  ('/  +  2^  V)  +  o''..^8  sill  (-2)  +  I'T'J-  :>i') 4- 1".!  1  ^/«  (3'-  +  a..")'"  .'.;i') 
y  representing  the  nionthlv  valucH  of  the  annual  variation,  and  the  angle  0  counl- 
ing  from  January  1st  at  the  rate  of  oO°  a  ino»,;li.     Acccn-ding  to  this  exprewsiou, 
the  mean  annual  temperature  at  Port  Kennedy  is  -f  2°.  17  Fahr. 

The  strict  application  of  Be.x.xel's  Ibrmuhi  re(|uiivs  the  intervals  between  the 
successive  ob-servations  or  means  to  be  of  e(|ual  length,  and  a  small  coneclion, 
therefore,  becomes  necessary  on  account  of  the  unecpial  length  of  the  months. 
This  correction,  generally  too  small  to  be  noticed  in  low  latitudes,  is  of  .-nnii  ient 
magnitude  in  very  high  latitudes  not  to  be  neglectable.  The  followin-  numbers 
show  the  quantity,  in  days  and  fractions  of  a  day,  by  which  the  middle  of  taeli 
actual  month  differs  from  the  mean  of  each  month  of  average  duration  ('JU.-l  days 
for  a  common,  and  30.5  days  for  a  leap,  vear),  and  lor  which  interval  fi  (•oirecti(in, 
— depending,  also,  on  the  magnitude  of  the  variation  of  the  temperature— is  to  bo 
applied.  A  positive  sign  indicates  that  the  middle  of  the  actual  month  occurs 
earlier  than  the  middle  of  the  normal  mouth  ;  a  negative  sign  indicates  the  rever.se. 
Commencing  with  .lanuary,  and  proceeding  in  regular  order,  these  intervals  are  as 
follows  : — - 


— 0'".3 

4-O.r. 

+  1.5 

+  1.5 

+  1.1 

+  ].."> 

+  1.2 

+  0.7 

+o,r> 

+0.5 

+0.4 

+0'.;! 

—0.2 

+0.2 

+  0.8 

+  0.S 

+  0.8 

+  0.8 

+  0.8 

+  0.2 

+0.2 

+(•.2 

+0.2 

+0.2 

The  upper  line  is  for  a  common  year,  the  lower  line  for  a  leap  year.  These  num- 
bers suppose  the  angle  0  to  be  zero  for  the  commencement  of  the  civil  year,  and 
that  the  daily  mean  tem|,-ratnre,  so  far  as  the  annual  fluctuation  is  concerned, 
refers  to  the  middle  of  the  day.  The  corrections  become  greatest  for  the  sjjring 
and  autumn  months,  when  the  annual  variation  is  most  rapid.     To  obtain  an  ap- 


'  E.xi>lain(Kl  at  length  Uy  Sir  .1.  Iler-schol  in  the  article  "Meteorology,"  Vol.  XIV,  8tli  edition  of  tlio 
Encijclopxdia  Britan  n  ica. 

=  These  numhers  were  given  In  my  dlscnssion  of  the  meleorologlonl  observatlon.s  of  the  second  GrinncU 
E.Kpedltion,  under  command  of  Dr.  E.  K.  Knno.  See  Vol.  XI  of  tlio  Smillisonlan  Contributions  to 
Knowledge,  1859. 


^^  KKCOUD   Ax\D   REDUCTION 

c;;;;::;:r:;::;,^i,.:!;.;;::\f -^^  ^- 1,.  ...no  or  each .....,, .,, ,,,,, 

roetiun  ihv  indov  errur  l^.s  1,,h.„  n  l  ''..  .itmii,  to  avLicIi  luiinbons  the  cor- 

"'  '"'-^  '^''"  '^^'''^■'''  ''•■*  .^'^■^■"  »'  the  tlm-d  column  of  the  table. 


M.jiilh. 


MiMn  ti'inp.       C.irr 


'il  r..r  index. 


•iMiiiiaiy  . 
I'cliniaiy  . 
March  .  . 
■April  .  . 
May  .  . 
Juno 


— ;i:iMii 

— ll).!»8 
—  I.(W 


Jr..ntli. 


— ;i4-'.4-i 

— :5li.8!1 
—17.44 

l.MS 


July       .     . 

AuuMlSit 

.Si'jiti'iiiber 
()i-t()l)or 


^onn  temp.      Curr',1  for  iiule.t. 


--W.7H 
--2,-|.l.S 
--  7.27 
—11.43 


--3!)^i)8 

--:i(J.7i) 

--■2r,.vs 

--  7.12 

— ll.Sli 
— o3.7.J 


i..*x  0,™,  „,„  .0  :„:„;;;  ^^.j:;;::::;:::::^\;r:''-  -  -■■■■«-" '- 

The  immencal  cocfllcients  differ  but  .sli-rhtlv  fmm  fl.n  v  ^'*^•^^• 

first  expression.     The  observations  nt^^  I'om  the  corre.sponding  values  in  the 

been  o.nitted  as  ul.U.f:::::^^::^:^'''''''''  "  "^"^^^^  (^^'^  '^""^-^^''^  J-- 


Month. 


Mean 
oorreeteil 
for  inile.t 

error. 


.Mean  eor- 
reele,!    for 

iiiile.v  and  j 
inalilv. 


m 


Pame  by 
Torui.  II. 


DiiTer. 
euco. 


Januaiy 

— ,"4\4ii 

I'eljruary 

-37.(18 

llarcdi 

i  — K-.22 

j\pril 

—  -'.fl2 

iMay 
Juue 

-  -I;i.(i4 
+35.11 

-34'.44 
-3il.,'-|l 
-17.44 
1.118 


-(-15.S7 
+^5.1)7 


— 38°.42 . 
—33.13  ! 
— 10.74  i 
—  2.0- 
+17..12  i 
+34.01 


+4°.0 

—3.8 

4.2.3 

-j-0.1 

— l.B 

+1.7 


Jlontli. 


July 

Antru.st 

September 

Oetolier 

November 

Deceuilier 


Mean 

M, 

an  cor. 

correeleil 
for  inde.v 

ret 

ted   for 

.S:imG  hv 

in' 

ex  and 

Form.  li 

error. 

me 

lUaliiv. 

DifTer- 
cuco. 


--4(IM2 
--3ll.il.') 

-  -2.';.4:! 
--  7.44 

—  n.co 

— 33.(i3 


--3!i=.i)8 
--3(i.7G    i 
--2.'i.I3 
--  7.12 
— n.M! 
—33.7,')    ! 


+4tP.n2 

+3().S1 

+24.1)4 

+  V.(I5 

—13.12 

—31.13 


Me 


— 0°.9 
0.0 
+0.2 
—0.5 
+1.3 


+  1.8,')      +  2.02    I  +  2.02 


0.0 


.».r  H„bor  .enn.™n:;:  r:t:::,'rt:'K: ,;7  'T "  "^  'r,  ,""'"'°- 


0 


F   OHSERYATIOXS   FOR   TE  M  PJi;  K  A  TU  RE. 


21 


:\[f;AN  Tr:MrKUATiiiK.s  or  the  Sk.vsoxs. 

— — 

At  Pout 

K'KXSKnv,  Lat.  72 

n.v  nil!  erva 
lion. 

r,  Lo.vn.    r  14'. 

At  V.is  Rensselaer  H 

vnDoB,  Lat. 

liy  filtporvn- 
ti'>n. 

78'  ,17',  Losa 

By  Fnrin.   i 
II.         1 

70'  53'. 

;HP.7 

liy  Fcinii. 
U. 

Sca.'oii?. 

Winter      . 
Sjiring 
Suiiiinor   . 
Antnnin    . 

.     .     .       — :i.V'.(i4 
.     .     .       —  2.04 
.     .     .       -f37.40 

—■A-l'.-S.) 
—  l.l:! 
--:i7.-in 

--  t;.4ii 

Winter      .... 
^priiiLX       .... 
Siininier    .... 
Aiitiinin    .... 

— 2^\."!1 

— lo.,-|) 
+;!;i.;i,s 
—  4.(i:i 

— 2ll'.l    1 

—  8.S 

+:i:i.,^ 

—  4.4     , 

Year 

.     .     .       +  l.s^ 

+  2.02 

iOMi 

Year    .      .     . 

-  2.4,; 

—  2.211 

The  corresponding  values  at  ^'an  Renssolaor  Harbor  htive  been  inserted  for  com- 
parison, and  show  a  remarkable  diflbrenco  in  the  temperatures  of  sprin-  and 
autumn,  at  which  season.s  it  was  much  colder  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  than  at 
Port  Kennedy,-,  whereas  the  mean  winter  temperature  was  lowest  at  Port  Kennedy 
The  observations  give  the  range  between  the  summer  and  winter  mean  at  Port 
Kennedy  72°.4,  and  at  Van  Ren.«selaer  Harbor  G2°.0.  According  to  Formula  II 
we  find,  as  a  close  approximation,  the  warmest  day  July  20th,  with  T=  +41°  o' 
and  the  coldest  day  January  PJth,  with  r=-:js°.4;  hence,  the  ran-e  of  tlie 
annual  lluctuation  7'J^4.  The  mean  temperature  of  the  year  is  reached^on  Ai.ril 
23d  and  October  22d,  ^ 

The  annual  lluctuation  of  the  temperature,  or  the  observed  and  computed  monthly 
(normal)  means  (corrected  for  index  error),  are  represented  iu  the  annexed  dia-rain 
(A).     The  curve  shows  the  computed,  and  the  dots  the  observed,  temperature" 

(A.)     A.N.NUAi,  Fluctuation  of  the  Tempeuature  of  the  Air  at  1'okt  Kennedv. 
+40°?. 


4-20' 


0' 


—40" 


'*,l 


At  micUllu  of  each  mouth. 


m 


,ll""' 


22 


R  E  C  0  K  D   AN  D   11 E  D  U  C  T  I  0  X 


By  moans  of  Table  I,  we  can  make  the  following  combinations  of  mean  toni- 
peraturc.  ot  the  seasons  of  the  year  at  diflerent  localities,  which  tabular  nnmbors 
and  comb.nations  may  be  useful  in  future  investigations  of  the  course  of  the 
monthly  isothc>rmal  lines,  and  of  the  isotherms  of  the  i^everal  seasons 


Yi'ar. 


Si'npon. 


Xnrlli 
latitude. 


lS,-,7-S 

isns 


WC5| 

longitude. 


-Aiituinii  . 
Wiiitei-  . 
Spring  . 
Siuiiuu'r 


Jlinn 
foinjieraturo. 


CdiToctcil  for 
iudi'X  error. 


73.0 
118.(1 
74. 0 


tiT^.I! 
04.(1 

.')(J.S 
75.0 


+  0^82 
— L'(i..'i<t 

+ii.r,;i 

+  ;!5.70 


+  (i°.74 

— 2(i.7n 

+11.47 

-f;i."i.7u 


The  last  three  (but  one)  columns  of  Table  I,  exhibit  the  observed  monthly 
maxima  and  mmnna  of  the  temperature,  and  the  extreme  monthly  ran-^e  These 
immbersare  only  relative,  since  the  absolute  extremes  were  not  found  recorded 

Ihe  highest  temperature  observed  near  Port  Kennedy  was  +55°.0  on  July  '>9th 
18.9,  and  the  bwest,  -49°.8  (the  index  correction  having  been  applied^,  on 
JanuaryJLst,  18.9,  and  February  15th  and  ISth,  1859.  Extreme  range  recorded 
at  the  winter  quarters  of  the  "Fox,"  104°.8  of  Fahrenheit's  scale.  To  compare 
with  the  above  numbers,  Dr.  Kane  recorded  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  a  maximum 
temperature  of  +51°.0,  on  July  2M,  1854,  and  a  minimum  temperature  of  -60°  4 
on  Felnnmry  oth  1854,  and  of  -G5°.5,  on  January  8th,  1855  ;  observed  absolute 
range  11/  .4  lahr.,  exceeding  the  Port  Kennedy  range  by  12°.(j. 

The  monthly  range  is  greatest  in  March  and  April  and  in  October  and  November  • 
Its  value  may  be  set  down  as  52°  at  Port  Kennedy.     This  range  is  least  in  Decem- 
ber and  January  and  in  July  and  August,  when  it  does  not  exceed  27°      The  ex 
treme  monthly  range  occurred  in  April,  1858  (viz.,  04°),  and  in  August,  1859 
(viz.,  1/°).  °      ' 


41 


Diurnal  Variation  of  the  Temperature. 

The  material  collected  in  Table  II  furnishes  the  basis  for  the  discussion  of  the 
diurnal  iluctuat.on  of  the  temperature.  The  hourly  means  (at  certain  observino. 
hours)  recorded  there  do  not  present  the  true  daily  iluctuation  of  the  tera.icrature 
in  each  month,  on  account  of  the  disturbing  effect  of  the  annual  change  durin.^  the 
interval  of  a  day,  an  effect  which  cannot  be  neglected  in  a  locality  where  the 
annual  fluctuation  amounts  to  the  excessive  quantity  of  79°.4.  The  tabular  num- 
bers, thotefore,  must  first  be  cleared  of  this  disturbing  effect.  This  is  best  done  by 
computing,  by  means  of  our  expression  for  T,  the  change  of  the  annual  variation 
m  a  day  for  the  middle  of  each  month,  and  by  correcting  the  means  for  the  hours 

0  A.  M.  and  12  P.  M.  by  one  half  of  this  change,  with  opj^osite  signs.  There  is  no 
correction  for  noon,  and  a  proportional  one  for  the  intermediate  hours  between 
morning  and  noon,  and  between  noon  and  midnight;  the  signs  in  the  second  in- 
terval being  the  reverse  from  those  in  the  first.  The  diurnal  Iluctuation  dnrin- 
the  long  arctic  night  is  so  small  as  to  be  almost  effaced  by  the  overi)owerino-  effect 

01  the  annual  Iluctuation  during  a  day.  ° 
Confining  our  attention  for  the  present  to  the  diurnal  variation  of  the  tempera- 


01'   O  15  S  K  R  y  A  r  I  (>  X  S   F  O  [I   T  E  M  I'  E  R  A  T  U  R  E . 


23 


ture  in  each  montli  at  Port  Kennedy,  we  find  an  anomaiy  in  the  table  of  results 
in  April,  May,  and  June,  IS'y,),  when  the  symmetry  of  the  observing  hours  is 
interrupted  by  observations  being  taken  at  5  A.  M.  and  11  P.  M.  To  remedy 
this  defect,  I  have  first  established  an  ai)proximato  equation  of  the  diurnal  varia- 
tion, and,  by  moans  of  it,  computed  the  diflerence  between  the  moan  at  4''  and  5'', 
and  also  between  11"  and  12".  Those  differences  wore  applied  respectively  to  the 
moan  for  5"  and  to  the  mean  for  11",  which  gave  the  deduced  means  for  4"  and  12". 
The  maximum  corrections  for  diurnal  effect  of  the  annual  change  occur  at  mid- 
night, and  are  as  follows  : — 

III  .Tiiiiiinry 
Kt'bninry 
March 
April   . 

^lity     .         .         . 
Juno    . 

At  0"  A.  M.,  the  corrections  arc  the  same  with  the  sign  reversed ;  at  noon,  they  are 
zero;  at  intermediate  hours,  proportional  values  were  applied.  The  monthly  mean 
is  loft  unchanged  (or  very  nearly  so). 

For  August,  I  have  comljined  the  means  of  August,  1858  and  18-59. 

Accordingly,  we  have  the  following  table  of  the  diurnal  variation  of  the  tem- 
perature lor  each  month  of  the  year : — 


o°.oo 

III  July     . 

O.°00 

—0. 1 .) 

Alienist 

.     +0.14 

— o.-_'(; 

iSi'iitc'iiiber    .         , 

.     +0.25 

—  0.32 

OuluIjiT 

.     +0.;!2 

—0.30 

Novcmlicr    . 

.     +0.32 

—0.22 

I'owiiiIat     . 

.      +0.20 

Table  IV.— Diurnal  Variation  op  tub  Temperature  at  Port  Kenne 


nv. 


4" 


C" 


lO" 


Noon. 


4" 


8" 


lO"     I  Miiln't. 


J.iim.Try 

Kebiuaiy 

March 

A|iril 

M;i.v 

Juno 

July 

August 

Soptemlior 

October 

Novcnibor 

I'c'cembor 


o  I  o  o  I 

-37.78—^4.2(1  — 33.9i; 
-3(i.52  — :i().23  — ;!li.2.') 
-ao.sri  —2(1.(^3  —21.44 

..      —  4.S2;      .. 

.  .      +12.31:;     .  . 

. .    +31.1I4:   . . 

+3i;..'-j]  +37.24+39.24 
+34.10       .. 
+24.08 
+  7.31 
-11.79—11.41  —10.16 
-32.09  —32.64  —32.70 


-33, 
-3.';. 
-19. 

'» 

+  3S. 
+41. 
-|-3fi. 
+24. 
+  7. 
—  10. 
—33. 


-33, 
-3.'>, 
-14, 


+42.90 


-10. 
-32, 


.-■li— 33,31  —33.5.')  — 33.2G  — 32. S.--)— ,33.10  ■ 
84  — 3,';.2,'-.  — 3,').27  — 3.').,s(j  —3(1.37  —3(i.li;  ■ 
7.'),— 11.89  —12.(17  —13..^.")  — 18..';iJ  —19.39  ■ 
+  l,2,-i:      .  .       +  li.,Wi      .  .      I—  4,2H 
+lf.M;      ..      ;+ls.llj      ,.     i+14.(i(; 
+39.82;      ..      |+38.8(!!      ..      i+xi.T.) 
+43.48  +42.34  +41.98 '+41.07  +40.02 
+  3(i.(i8        .  .      :4-3(!.H3:      .  .      i-|-;i.'-,,91  ■       .  . 
+2U,4,-)        ..      1+20.91  i      ..       +25.801      .. 
+  0.03:      .  .      !+  7.()5:      .  .       +  7.47       .  . 
—10.32 —11.02 —11.47  —11.71  —11.91;'— 11.97 
-32.81—32.71  —33.12-33.17—33.22—33.23 


-33.11 

-3(i.os 
-19.73 


+3S.,'3(; 


—33.78 
—311,74 
—20.92 
—  5.70 
+  11,0.-. 
+30,  ,'.0 
-f-3ii,9S 
+34.(1^ 
+24.98 
-I-  ll.Srj 
— 12.2,'-) 
—33,09 


For  the  purpose  of  making  full  use  of  all  the  bi-hourly  observations,  it  was 
thought  advisable  to  express  the  values  for  the  months  of  April,  May,  June,  and 
August,  September,  October,  analytically,  and  to  supply  by  interpolation  values 
for  the  hours  2,  G,  10,  A.  M  and  P.  M.  The  values  thus  computed  were  derived 
from  the  following  expressions,  in  which  the  angle  d  counts  from  midnight,  and  is 
reckoned  at  the  rate  of  15°  an  hour: — 

For  April,  /  =  —  2^.54  +  3  -,07  sin  (o  +  255°)  +  0°,70  fiiii  (2o  +    27°) 

"    May,  <=  4.15,1c    +4,09    «'«(«  + 255  )  + 0,24    sin  (2'J  +  257  ) 

"    June,  t  =  +;!5.n    +  4.G5    sin  (9  +  2ilT  )  +  0,90    sin  {20  +  181  ) 

For  August,  t  =  +.^5°,57  +  1^.32  sin  (o  +  22.'*°)  +  0°,18  sin  {2o  +  142°) 

"    St'iileinhor,      /  =  +25,47    +  1,39    sin  (o  +  213  )  +  0,31    ,si/)  (29  +    55  ) 
"    October,  /  =  +   7.59    4  o.7T    sin  («  +  258  )  +  0,35    sin  (2fl  +    80  ) 


P* 


'*      I 
.,',V| 


'>1 


'^- 


'  -A 

s 


I 
I    ■ 


m 


RKOOKD    AND    K  K  I>  U  (J  T  I  O  N 


i    f 


i1 


Tlie  Ibllowin-  tal)lG  (1\',  h)  contuTnH  the  intoi-polatoa  Viiliios,  by  the  insertion  of 
wliicli  liibk'  IV  will  bo  iviuleivil  couiplcto  ;— 


—•.i-2 

,^'i 

— :m 

'.■jii 

—:',:, 

Ll.'i 

— lii) 

.74 

—11. 

Ml 

— i;i 

•U 

+  1- 

7:^ 

—    Ti 

"11 

+  1'^. 

1'7 

+  11 

(i;! 

+ 

+  l:!.^> 
+:!i;.7!i 

+   H.n.i 
— lli.n.s 


4-:''ii.'il 
+;!4.iii 

4-'J4.i'.-i 


!.3,S 


1   .41 

l.4;i 


7.!I4 


2.114 
•J.ls 
•2A- 

(I.S4 


(J  I'.  M. 

Noon 

Noon 

2  1>.  M. 

2  1'.  .M. 

10  .\.  Jl. 

Noon 
2  1".  .M. 
2  P.  51. 

Noon 

m  A.  M. 

4  A.  M. 


The  annexed  diagram  (B)  exhibits  tlie  montl 


1/  ^  aUie.s  oC  the  diurnal  r 


lUlffO 


The  autnmn  and  winter  montlis  liave  a  range  of  loss  than  3°,  whereas  the  months 
of  March  to  July  exhibit  two  and  a  half  times  that  amount.  The  maximum  value 
was  observed  in  June,  amount  9°.00 ;  the  minimum  value  occurred  in  December, 
value  0°.14.     For  comparison.  I  may  add  tliat  the  corresponding  values  at  Van 


>  ■■'ti 


OF  OBSERVATIONS   FOR   TEMPERATURE.  26 

Rensselaer  Harbor  occurred  in  April,  amount  9°.09,  and  in  November,  amount  1°.00; 
showing  a  correspondence  in  amount  but  not  in  time.  The  diurnal  variation  never 
disappears  altogether,  and  even  during  the  long  arctic  night  there  appears  to  be  a 
daily  propagation  or  existence  of  a  thermal  wave  producing  a  range  of  about  1°. 
The  amount  of  the  amplitude  changes  tolerably  regular  from  month  to  month ; 
the  high  value  in  March,  however,  either  presents  a  distinct  feature  or  is  due  to 
some  anomaly.  Altogether,  the  curve  indicates  no  secondary  maximum,  such  as 
was  found  in  September  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor. 

On  the  average,  the  maximum  temperature  is  reached  between  noon  and  1  P.  M., 
and  the  minimum  between  2  and  3  A.M.;  whereas,  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor' 
these  hours  were  respectively  2  P.  M.  and  1  A.  M. 

The  following  table  contains  the  hourly  values  of  the  diurnal  variation  for  each 
season  and  the  whole  year : — 


Table  VI. — Diurnal  Vaiiiation  in  each  Season. 


Senson. 


21. 


4" 


6" 


8i> 


10"    ;  Noon. 


2" 


4" 


Winter  -34.33 -34.34-34.31 -34.43 -34.06'-33.79 -33.84-34.08 
Spring  |—  5.07—  4.43—  3.64-  1.65+  0.84+  2.72+  2.87+  1.50 
Summer  +33.66  +34.45+36.29  +38.25  +39.63  -I-39.99I+39.22  +38.49 


6" 


lOh 


Midn't. 


Autumn  +  6.60+  6.66'+  6.80+  7.15+  7.91+  8!39|+  KIT  +  7!70+  7;3i 


— 34.131— 34.16 —34.14  —34.54 
—  1.34—  3.20—  4.22—  5.19 
+37.6l|+36.57 +35.31  +  34.05 


+  7.10+  6.84+  6.53 


Year       I  +0.21 
Same  by, 
formula   +0.10 


+0.68 
+0.49 


+1.28,  +2.33   +3.58   -]-4.33 
+1.30   +2.42   +3.63I  +4.33 


Differ'oe 


+0.11:  +0.09 


—0.02;  —0.09'  —0.05       0.00 


+4.10:  +3.42 
+4.08!  +3.25 


+2.37 
+2.42 


+0.02,  +0.17!  +0.05 

I  i 


+1.58,  +0.95    +0.21 
+1.72'  +0.95   +0.27 


+0.14       0.00.  +0.06 


Mean. 


34.18 
1.73 

+  36.91 
+  7.27 


+2.08 
+2.08 


The  computed  diurnal  variation  for  the  whole  year  is  derived  from  the  expres- 
sion given  below.  Comparing  the  means  as  stated  above  with  corresponding  values 
derived  in  the  preceding  discussion  of  the  mean  temperature  of  the  seasons,  we 
may  add  to  each  horizontal  line  the  following  corrections :  to  values  for  winter, 
— 0°.05;  for  spring,  +0°.30;  for  summer,  +0°.29;  for  autumn, —0°.78 ;  for  the 
year,  — 0°.06.  These  differences  arise  from  changes  in  the  observing  hours,  and 
consequent  necessity  of  interpolation. 


Table  V  (4). 

Season. 

lUaximum. 

Minimum. 

Range. 

Hour  of  max. 

Hour  of  min. 

Critical  int. 

Winter 

Spring 

Summer          .... 
Autumn          

— 33''.79 
+  2.87 
+39.99 
+  8.39 

— 34°.54 
—  5.19 
+33.66 
+  6.53 

0°.75 

8.06 

6.33 

1.86 

Noon 
2  P.  M. 

Noon 
Noon 

Midn't 
Midn't 
2  A.  M. 

Midn't 

12" 
10 
14 
12 

Year         .... 
By  formula 

+  4.33 
+  4.35 

+  0.21 
+  0.09 

4.12 
4.26 

Noon 
0"  28'"  P.  M. 

1  A.  M. 

l''38'»A.  M. 

13 
13"  lO" 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  day  is  reached  at  7''  21"'  A.  M.  and  at  6"  50"'  P.  M., 
by  formula.  The  diurnal  variation  of  the  temperature  during  the  whole  year  is 
represented  by  the  formula : — 

t  =  +2°.08  +  20.02  sin  (9  +  252°  57')  +  0O.25  sin  (2*  +  in°)  +  0°.09  sin  (39  +  251°). 


;^')l 


U  A 


M 


*N*'i 


"^>! 

w 


il: 


26 


IIECOIID   AND   REDUCTION 


Tf  we  supply  the  constant  term,  and  change  the  epoch  from  no,m  to  midnight,  as 
in  the  above  expression,  tlio  diurnal  variation  at  Van  Ren.^solaer  Harbor  has  been 
represented  by 

/  =  — 2°.91  +  l°.8r)  sin  (e  +  244°  55')  +  0°.08  sin  (29  +  9t°)  +  0°,03  sin  (39  +  308°), 
■which  is  here  added  for  comparison. 

In  either  expression,  the  constant  term  might  be  omitted,  as  not  essential  in  the 
inquiry  of  the  diurinil  fluctu.ation ;  or  the  values  4-'-°-02  and  — 2°. 20,  which  are 
the  true  mean  annual  temperatures  respectively,  might  be  sub.stituted  in  their  place. 

The  maximum  and  minimum  value  is  given  by  the  formula: — 

o  =  +2°.02  cfw  (9  +  252°  51')  +  0°.51  cots  (29  +  117°)  +  0°.28  rus  (39  +  251°). 

The  following  diagram  (C)  exhibits  the  diurnal  variation  during  the  whole 

year : — 

(C.)    DiuKNAL  Variation. 


Midu't 


Noon      ;i'' 


Midu't 


Ilourhj  Corrections  for  Periodic  Variations. — Under  this  head,  a,  number  of  tables 
have  been  given  by  Prof.  Guyot  in  his  meteorological  and  physical  tiibles,  prepared 
for  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  These  tablea  furnish  the  means  of  correcting  other 
incomplete  material  at  stations  in  the  vicinity.  A  similar  table  was  prepared  by 
me  for  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor.  The  following  table  for  Port  Kennedy  is  directly 
derived  from  the  values  in  Table  II,  in  connecrtion  with  Tables  IV  and  IV  (J)). 
For  those  hours  requiring  interpolation  in  the  latter  case,  the  small  corrections  for 
the  effect  of  the  annual  chai.ge  during  a  day  has  again  been  deducted. 


Arctic  America — Port  Kennedy,  Lat.  72°  01'  X.,  Long.  94°  14'  W.  of  Greenwich. 
Corrections  to  be  applied  to  any  Bi-iiourly  or  set  of  Bi-iicurly  Observation  to  obtain  the 

Mean  Temperature  of  the  Day. 
Degrees  of  Fahrenheit's  scale. 


Hour. 


Jan.        Feb. 


2  A.  M. 

4 

« 

8 
10 

Noon 

2  P.  M. 

4 

t) 

8 
10 

Midn't 


+0.24   +0.G1 

4-0.72,4-0.2 


-f-o.4:i 
-fo.4;i 

—0.02 
—0.23 
-1-0.01 
—0.28 

— o.fia 

—0.44 
—0.43 
-*-0.24 


-I- 0.29 
—0.12 
—0.23 
—0.78 
—0.78 
—0.21 
4-0.2.5 
-1-0.04 
—0.07 
-f-0.56 


fi,  G       —0.13  -fO.27 

8,  8           O.dO  —0.04 

10,  1,5   '  —0.22  — O.l.'i 

(i,  2,  10       0.00  —0.10 


March.  !   April.       May.       June.       July 


Aug.        Sept. 


Oct. 


Not. 


Deo.    1    Year. 


-1-3.28 
4-3.22 
4-3.7!) 
4-1. 07 
—2.09 
— .'nSil 
— 5.7.1 
—4.01 
4-0.05 
4-1.44 
4-1.74 
4-2.88 


4-3.16 

4-2.47 

4-1.4.') 

—0.24 

—2.15 

— 3.7(i 

—4.28 

—3.11  , 

—0.77 

4-1.56 

4-2.75  , 

4-2.S7 


4-4.41 

4-3.03 

4-1.01 

—1.31 
—2.35 
—3.62 
—3.83 
—3.02 
—1.41 
4-0.93 
4-2.35 
4-3.84 


4-5.12 
-f-3.3ii 
4-0.34 
—2.86 
—4.61 
—4.63 
—3.38 
—1.73 
—0.34 
4-1.26 
4-2.98 
4-4.47 


I 


4-3.62 
4-2. S9 
4-0.8!) 
—1.16 
—2.77 
—3.35 
—2.21  i 
—1.85  ; 
—0.94  ! 
4-0.11 
4-1.57 
4-3.15 


4-1.23 
4-1.31 
4-0.91 
4-0.16 
-0.61 
—1.12 
—1.21 
—1.03 
—0.71 
—0.27 
4-0.35 
4-1.02 


4-0.74 
4-1.21 

4-1.28 

4-0.78 

—0.00 
—0.9!) 
—1.49 
—1.37 
—0.80 
—0.17 
4-0.19 
4-0.73 


;  4-0.22 

;  4-0.05 

;  4-0.31 

lH-0.20 

—0.77 

— 1.4li 

—0.92 

4-0.02 

4-0.33 

I  +".31 

4-0.71 

4-1.04 


4-0.24 

—0.09 
1—0.69 
'  —0.96 

—1.26 
j  —0.97 
j  —0.22 
i  4-0.28 
■  4-0.58 

4-0.88 
'  4-0.94 

4-1.28 


—0.45 
—0.56 
—0.37 
4-0.35 
—0.19 
—0.16 
—0.23 
-f-0.21 
4-0.30 
-f-0.38 
4-0.43 
4-0.32 


!  4-1.87 

4-1.49 

;  4-0.80 

I  —0.25 

j  —1.50 

i  —2.25 

i  —2.02 

-1.34 

{  —0.30 

4-0.50 

4-1.13 

4-1.87 


4-2.22 
4-1.55 
—0.62 

—0.07 


4-0.34 

—0.20 

0.00 

—0.02 

-f  0.66 

—0.19 

—0.80 

—0.52 

4-0.30 

0.00 

—0.81 

—0.60 

—0.03 

—0.16 

—0.02 

-f-0.08 

4-0.10  ,  -f  0.24   4-0.32  —0.05 

—0.05    4-0.:il  :  4-0.25  —0.04 

—0.13    4-0.05  \  —0.03  —0.16 

4-0.02  '  — O.ol  ,  4-0.03  -t-0.01 


_0.03  4-0.25 
4-0.37  4-0.12 
4-0.12—0.18 
—0.06    —0.03 


"^ 


OF   0J5SERVATI0NS    FOR  TEMPERATUllE 


27 


Owins  to  the  fact  that  the  observations  extend  over  one  year  only,  tlie  table,  in 
some  instances,  must  necessarily  contain  some  small  ii'regularities.  Tiie  closest 
results  are  obtained  IVoni  the  hours  G,  2,  10,  which  was  also  the  case  at  Van  Rens- 
selaer Harbor. 


Connection  of  the  Lunar  Phases  with  Loio  Winter  Taiqwratures. 

The  apparent  connection  of  the  lunar  phases  with  the  observed  temperature  of 
the  air  during  the  Arctic  winter,  the  thermometer  being  below  the  zero  of  Fahren- 
heit's scale,  was  long  ago  noticed  by  Arctic  explorers,  and  was  again  independently 
observed  by  Dr.  Kane,  in  the  discussion  of  whoso  observations  I  have  attempted 
an  explanation  of  the  phenomenon.  In  that  paper,  the  connection  of  the  lunar 
phases  with  the  serenity  of  the  sky  and  the  fall  of  snow  was  also  discussed  ;  for  the 
observations  now  on  hand,  the  numerical  relations  alone  will  bo  represented. 

Dividing  the  daily  means  of  the  temperature  into  penthemers  (or  periods  of  five 
days),  a  table  was  formed  showing  the  time  of  full  and  new  moon  and  the  mean 
temperatures;  and,  by  means  of  differences  of  the  alternate  means  at  these  periods, 
the  amount  by  which  the  mean  temperature  is  lower  at  full  moon  than  at  new 
moon  is  exhibited  in  column  headed  A. 


First  Winter,  185T-'58. 

Baffin  May. 

Between  lat.  74''.8,  long.  «9M!  and  Kit.  iJB'.S,  long.  59^8. 


Penthemer. 


Moon's 
phuse. 


Temp. 


'  Alt.  menus. 


I 


Not.  23- -27 
28-32 


Second  Winter,  18.58-'j9. 
I'oiiT  Kennedy.  Beli.ot  Strait. 

L.it.  72^0,  long.  11-1^2. 


Penthemer. 


Miion's 
phase. 


einp. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


3-  7 

S-12 
13-17 
18-22 
23-27 
28-32 
2-  (i  ' 
7-11 
12-lt) 
17-21   I 
22-2()  I 
27-31  ; 
1-  T)  i 
C-lll 
ll-l,") 

i(:-2o  i 

21-2.')  i 
20-3(1 


IstO 


16th  9 
30th  O 


ISth  # 


29th  O 


13th  % 


27th  O 


— 2''.8 
— 27.(t 
— 2,'i.l 
—22.4 
—2(1.3 
—19.9 
—1 .').,') 
—24.4 
— 19.^ 
— 19.() 
— 22.(^ 
—23.2 
—28.(1 
—34.8 
— 21.S 
— 2i!.l 
—111.2- 

—  8.7 
—13.7 

—  3.5 


-  -  -        (-G°.7) 

I 

•—25.7     I    —5.4 

1  —21.2     I    —3.2 

■—29.6     i    —7.6 

—16.1     ;  —18.7 

i 
—19.2     j    —9.0 

-  -  -       '  (-1-6.7) 


Omitting  tlio  first  ami  last  (innomplete)  values  of 
A,  we  find  its  avurage  value  =  — 8".8. 


Nov.    2-  6 

7-11 

12-16 

17-21 

22-26 

27-31 

2-  6 

7-11 

12-16 

17-21 

22-26 

27-31 

1-  5 

6-10 

11-1,') 

16-20 

21-2,-) 

2(i-30 

31-35 

5-  9 

10-14 

15-19 

2U-24 

25-29 

March  2-  6 

7-11 

12-16 

17-21 

22-26 

27-31 

April   1-  5 

6-10 


Dec, 


Jan. 


Feb. 


5th  • 

20th  O 

5th  # 

20th  O 

4th  # 
ISth  O 

3d  • 
17th  O 

4th  • 
18th  O 

3d  • 


—12 

—1 

+  4, 

—23 

—16 

—3(1, 

—29, 

—36, 

—30, 

—38 

—34 

—3 

—34 

—21 

—34, 

—38, 

—29. 

—29. 

—38, 

—34 

—41 

—35, 

—34. 

—23. 

—16. 

—21. 

—26 

—  4 
—11, 

—  1, 
—12, 


-J 


Alt,  means. 


—19,0 
—13,1 


+  23.7 
-fl7.5 


-33.9      ;  -t-  3  0 


>■— 32.7 
■33.3 
■37.9 
•26.7 
33.8 

—12.5 


+  4.4 

—  1.1 

—  S.3 
—14.6 

—  9.9 
—13.7 

(-25.1) 


The  temperature  between  Nov.  17-21  is  anomalous, 
and  affects  also  the  following  value  (17.5)  of  a  ;  these 

vaUlfS,  iw  wfll  n:*  t!i:tt  of  .Ai.xil  I-,',  huve  been  otnittod 
in  the  mean.  For  the  period  Nov.  17-21,  the  wind 
was  N.  K. ;  weather  misty,  with  occasional  snow,  and 
variable. 

Average  A,  winter  1858-'59  =  —5°. 7. 


XI 


Si 


^/^1 


m 


I  i 


b 


*m 


RECORD  AND   REDUCTION 


The  average  fall  of  the  temperature  for  the  period  from  new  moon  to  full  moon 
Jrom  the  above  comparisons,  is  7i°.     The  separate  results  may,  perhaps,  not  ap- 
pear as  conclu.sive  as  tho.>se  obtained  at  Van  llens.selaer  Harbor  (hit   78°  6)-  still 
the  general  deduction  is  confirmed.     The  following  account  of  the  weather  for  each 
dny,  the  day  preceding  and  the  day  following,  of  the  full  and  new  moon,  is  copied 
Irom  the  lecord  and  refers  to  noon.     Beaufort's  signification  of  letters  is  used 


Full  Moon. 

New  Moon.                            1 

1857  Deo.     1    .     .     . 
Dec.  30    .     .     . 

1858  Jan.  20    .     .     . 
l''eb.  27    .     .     . 

b.v. 

m.  z. 

b. 

0.  m.  s. 

b.  V. 

b.  V. 
b.  0. 
b.  c. 

b.v.     1 

b.  C.         ' 

b.  c. 

b.  c.      j 

1857  Dec.  IC    .     .     . 

1858  .Ian.   15    .     .     . 
Feb.  13    .     .     . 

b.v. 
b.  c. 
b.  0. 

b. 
m. 

b.  0. 

b.  m. 
m.  z. 
b.  z. 

1S58  Nov.  20    .     .     . 

Dec.   20    .     .     . 
1859  .Ian.   18    .     .     . 

Keb.  17    .     .     . 

Mar.  18    .     .     . 

c.  m. 
b.  c.  in. 

in.  s. 

b.  ra. 
b.  c.  z. 

in.  0.  s. 
c.  m.  z. 

0. 

in.  s, 
b.  z. 

c.  m.     j 
b.  m.  z,  1 
b.  m. 
h.  m. 
b.  in. 

1858  Nov.    5    .     .     . 
Dec.     5    .     .     . 

1859  Jan.     4    .     .     . 
Feb.     3    .     .     . 
March  4    .     .     . 
April    3    .     .     . 

b.  ra.  z. 
b.  c. 
b.  0. 

in. 

ra. 

b. 

b.  in. 

m. 

b  c.  z. 

b.  c. 

b. 
b.  0. 

b.  c.  ni. 

b.   0. 

b.  m.  z. 
b.  c.  z, 

b.  c. 

C.  8. 

b  stands  for  blue  sky.             c  stands  for  clouds,  detached.            m  stands  for  misty,  hazy. 

"          "         :::wdHft.           '          "         "'°"-                               "           "         Visibility,  t^ransparency. 

In  the  first  winter,  the  weather  appears  to  have  been  finer  and  clearer  at  full 
moon ;  whereas,  in  the  second  winter,  tiiere  is  little  or  no  difference,  a  misty  weather 
and  snowdrifts  characterizing  the  locality;  under  these  circumstances,  the  lunar 
effect  could  hardly  bo  expected  to  show  itself  as  distinctly  as  brought  out  above. 
Captain  McClintock  makes  the  following  remark  (page  ix  of  the  4th  number  of 
meteorological  papers  published  by  tiie  Board  of  Trade):  "The  dense  and  con- 
tinued mist  over  Bellot  Strait,  caused  by  considerably  warmer  water  than  the  air 
above  it,  and  the  strong  local  winds,  perhaps  partly  caused  by  this  speedy  evapora- 
tion and  condensation,  are  special  features." 

No  recurrence  of  cold  was  noticed,  either  in  1858  or  in  1859,  about  May  11th— 
the  period  Dove  has  called  attention  to. 

Temperature  of  the  Winds.— To  ascertain  the  elevating  or  depressing  influence  of 
the  various  winds  on  the  temperature,  the  following  method  of  investigation  was 
adopted : — 

The  normal  temperature  of  each  day  was  made  out  by  taking  the  mean  of  the 
temperature  of  that  day,  the  two  preceding  and  the  two  following  days.  The  ob- 
served temperature  at  the  hours  6  A.  M.  and  G  P.  M.,  and  at  noon  and  midniglit, 
were  then  compared  with  the  respective  normal  temperature  (the  mean  of  five  days); 
the  differences  thus  obtained  were  tabulated  according  to  one  of  the  eight  winds 
(or  calm)  N.,  N.  E.,  E.,  S.  E.,  etc.,  blowing  at  the  respective  hours.  The  mean 
difference  for  each  wind,  and  for  a  period  extending  over  a  season,  very  nearly 
indicates  the  elevating  or  depressing  influence  of  each  wind,  and  at  each  season,  on 
the  temperature  of  the  air.  The  +  sign  indicate  warmer,  the  —  sign  colder,  than 
the  average.  The  diurnal  variation  being  generally  small,  and  in  the  absence  of 
any  regularity  of  a  certain  wind  blowing  regularly  at  certain  hours,  the  effect  of 


OF  OUSERVATIONS   FOR  TEMPER  ATU  HE. 


39 


this  variation  will  di.sappear  in  the  resulting  average  values.  In  the  exceptional 
case  when  no  observations  are  recorded  at  G  A.  M.  and  P.  M.,  the  mean  of  obser- 
vations at  4  and  8  A.  M.  and  P.  M.  were  substituted.  For  notes  referring  to  the 
ob,servatiuns  of  the  winds,  see  the  record  or  Part  II  of  this  discussion.  The  direc- 
tions of  the  wind  are  "true."  This  method  of  investigation  is  less  laborious  than 
that  followed  by  me  in  a  similar  discussion  of  the  temperature  of  the  various  winds 
at  Van  Renssehier  Harbor. 

All  results  in  Baffin  Bay  have  been  united,  and  a  second  group  has  been  formed 
from  the  observations  at  Port  Kennedy. 

The  seasons  and  localities  for  Baffin  Bay,  for  which  results  were  deduced,  are  as 
follows : — 


Senson.  Months. 

Autumn — Sept.,  Oct.,  Nov.,  1858  . 
Winter— Pec.,  1858,  Jan.,  Feb.,  1859 
Spring — Marcli,  April,  May,  1859 
Summer — June,  July,  August,  1859 

Mean   . 


Between  latitudes 

75°.3  and  74°.8 


14.3 
f)9.4 
14.6 


TI.5 
C8.7 
13.1 


Between  longitudes 

05°.0aml  (!9°.l 

0'7.4  fiO.9 

59.1  53.7 

60.1  88.5 


72°.5  N. 


This  average  position  is  nearly  in  the  middle  of  BafTin  Bay. 


65°.8  W. 


Elevatino  or  Depressing  Effects  of  the  Winds  on  the  Temperature  of  the  Air. 
+  warmer,  —  colder,  than  tlie  mean  temperature. 

Calm.           N.           N.  E. 

E. 

S.  E. 

s.        s.  w. 

W.         N. W. 

Mean. 

Autumn  1857 
Winter    1S57-8 
Spring     1858 
Summer  1858 
Mean 

—2°.  8 

—1.9 

+0.7 

+0.6 

—1.0 

— 0°.2 
—0.1 
—1.5 
0.0 
-0.5 

+3''.l 
—0.3 
+1.0 
+0.5 
+  1.1 

+1°.6 

—1.0 

+1.3 

—0.5 
+0.4 

+4M 
+0.8 
+  8.5 
—0.3 
+3.3 

+0''.7 

—0.4 

+2.5 

+0.B 

+0.8 

-2^6 
-2.4 
-0.7 
0.0 
—1.4 

— 1°.2 

—0.2 

—0.3 

+0.3 

—0.4 

+0°.3 

+1.2 

—2.9 

—0.5 

—0.5 

+0°.2 

Result  for  year 

—1.2 

-0.7 

+0.9     j   +0.2 

1 

+3.1 

+0.6     I    —1.6 

I 

—0.6 

-0.7 

The  results  in  the  last  line,  obtained  after  deducting  0°.2  from  the  preceding 
line,  show  that  the  S.  E.  winds  are  the  warmest,  and  the  S.  W.  winds  the  coldest; 
also,  that  during  calms  the  temperature  is  lower.  At  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  the 
depressing  effect  of  the  calms  amounted  to  3°.4. 

The  following  table  shows  the  results  for  Port  Kennedy  : — 


Calm. 

N. 

N.  K. 

E. 

S.  E. 

S. 

S.  W. 

W. 

N.  W. 

Mean. 

Autumn  1858 
Winter    1858-9 
Spring     1859 
Summer  1859 
Me.an 

+2^4 

-0.9 

-0.4 

—0.8 

+0.1 

+00.9 

+2.0 

+0.4 

—0.4 

+0.7 

+P.3 
—0.5 
+  0.3 

+o!2 

+  .3°.  7 
+  2.3 
+0.6 
+0.5 
+1.8 

+2°.4 

—1.2 
+0.6 

+4°.5 

—1.3 
+1.6 

+1"'.0 
+2.2 

+0.3 
+  1.2 

+0.2 
—0.6 
+  0.5 
—0.4 

— l°.i) 
— 0.(i 
—1.2 
—0.2 
—1.0 

+0°.6 

Result  for  year 

—0.5 

+0.2 

—0.3 

+  1.3 

+0.1 

+1.0 

+0.6 

—0.9 

—1.5 

The  results  for  winds  from  the  S.  E.,  S.,  and  S.  W.  are  not  very  reliable,  on 
account  of  the  scarcity  of  wind  from  these  directions.  At  Port  Kennedy,  the 
E.  winds  are  the  warmest  and  the  N.  W.  the  coldest;  during  calms,  the  mean  tem- 


.1 


-4^ 


?7 


m 


KECOUI)   AND   llEDUCTION 


reratnrc  i,-,  d.pros.otl  0°.r,.     Tl.o  local  configuration  of  the  land,  and  the  poculi-r 
situation  of  tlio  port,  may  possibly  aflect  the  result.s  deduced. 

The  iollowing  recapitulation  of  results  shows  a  tolerably  fair  agreement  between 
the  locahties-middle  of  Ijallin  Bay,  Van  ReuHselaer  Harbor,'  and  Port  Kennedy 


Bnflin  Bny. 
I-iit.     72  .5  N. 
Long.  (15  .8  W. 

.      — 0°.8 
.       +0.7 
.       +0.1 

.  +3.0 

.  +0.4 

.  —1.7 

.  —0.9 

.    — o.s 


Van  neiifHoI^uir  Harbor. 
Lat.     7n  .0  N. 
Long.  70  .0  W. 

0.(1 
—0.1 
+  0.9 
+  0.6 
+  0.4 
+0.1 
—1.4 


Port  Kennedy. 
Lilt.  72  .0  N. 
Long.  04 '.2  W. 

+  0°.I 

—0.4 

+  1.2 

+  0.1 
+  1.0 

+  0.5 
—1.0 
—IS) 


True  direotlon 
of  wind. 

N 

N.  R.     . 

E 

S.  E 

S 

S.  W 

AV 

J^'.  W.   .        .        .        !  _ 

(Tlic  positive  nnd  negative  values  have  I.een  iniRle  to  balnnce,  after  omittiog  tlie  value  for  the  calin.s.) 
Counting  0  from  the  north  (or  belonging  to  a  true  north  wind),  in  the  direction 
ea,st,  south,  etc.,  to  300°,  the  above  tabular  numbers  can  be  expressed  by  the  for- 
mula;—  "^ 

v!!t  "'  T"n"\-         r-'      ''°  '       ^'  =  + 1°'5  -•»  ('  +  338°)  +  0°.8  sin  (2.  +  173°) 
Jan  Reusse  aer  Ilari.or,      78.6        70.9         r  =  +  1.0    ,s.:.  (e  +  28C  )  +  0.3    sin  (2e  +  335 
Port  Kennedy.  72.0        94.2         T  =.  +0.9    sU  (e  +  320  )  +  0.4    sin  (2,  +    2C  ) 

The  second  terms  are  of  subordinate  value;  the  first,  or  significant  terms,  cor- 
respond upon  the  whole  very  close,  considering  the  peculiarity  of  each  station,  in 
reference  to  free  exposure  to  the  various  winds. 

From  the  4th  number  of  the  meteorological  papers  published  by  the  Board  of 
1  rade  in  18G0,  I  extract  the  following  remark  of  Captain  McClintock's  •  "  The 
Danish  settlers  at  Upernavik,  in  Northwest  Greenland,  are  at  times  startled  by  a 
sudden  rise  of  temperature  during  the  depth  of  winter,  when  all  nature  has  been 
long  frozen;  rain  sometimes  falls  in  torrents.  It  is  called  the  warm  southeast 
wind.  In  reference  to  a  warm  northwest  wind  in  Upper  Baffin  Bay,  alluded  to 
in  the  sa™e  paper  (p.  iv),  the  above  table  for  that  locality  shows  that,  aif.ough 
tins  wind  IS  warm  in  winter,  it  is  considerably  colder  in  spring,  and  also  colder, 
on  the  average,  for  the  whole  year. 

Temperature  of  the  &(7.— The  following  is  copied  from  p.  309  of  the  record  •  "  On 
14th  September,  1858,  as  soon  as  it  appeared  probable  that  we  should  winter  at 
Port  Kennedy,  I  sunk  a  brass  tube  two  feet  two  inches  vertically  in  the  ground 
and  mserted  a  padded  thermometer.  The  ground,  at  time  of  sinking  the  tube' 
was  frozen  from  six  inches  below  the  surfiice,  and  it  was  with  great  difficulty  I 
could  get  the  tube  sufficiently  far  down.     The  surface  soil  was  similar  to  that 


See  results  given  on  page  111  of  my  discu.ssion  of  Pr.  Kane's  meteorologieal  ohservations  Vol  XI 
of  the  Sinilhsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge.  A.s  e.xplained  elsewhere  (and  confirmed  by  Mr  Sonn- 
tag  and  Dr.  Hayes),  the  true  direction  of  the  wind  was  actually  observed  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor- 
hence,  the  results  given  in  the  paper  cited  above  required  a  corresponding  change 


OF  OBSEllVATIONS   FOR  TEMPERATURE. 


81 


Bti-ewn  over  the  lan-l.  but  from  below  six  inches  it  was  of  a  yellowish  nmd.  Tiie 
thormoinetor  used  was  one  of  very  small  bore,  with  a  long  stem  finely  gradiiatjtl 
(it  had  been  prepared  for  taking  temperatures  of  trees).  From  ISth  to  29th  .Sep- 
tember, 1S58,  no  register  was  made,  as  tiie  ship  was  not  in  port;  also  from  18th 
to  28th  March,  1859,  as  I  was  absent  from  the  ship  travelling.  The  minimum 
temperature  registered  was  +0°.5,  on  March  10th,  1859;  the  lowest  may  be  as- 
sumed  as  at  zero,  on  March  IGth.  The  register  was  continued  until  June  18th, 
when  water  entered  the  tube,  and  the  thermometer  was  frozen  to  the  side  so  that 
it  could  not  be  detached.  Column  No.  1  gives  the  register  of  this  thermometer. 
Column  No.  2  gives  the  depth  of  overlaying  snow,  which  was  always  greater  than 
the  average  on  the  land.  Or.  17th  January,  1859,  a  tube  was  placed  one  foot  one 
inch  deep  in  a  mi.xture  of  shingle  and  earth ;  in  this  a  thermometer  was  placed. 
The  position  of  the  ground  was  such  that  scarcely  any  snow  lay  upon  it,  the  strong 
wind  constantly  blowing  removing  it  almost  as  soon  as  deposited.  Column  No.  3 
is  the  register  of  this  thermometer.  February  12tli,  1859,  a  tube  was  placed  hori- 
zontally  on  the  surface  of  the  ground,  beneath  the  snow  lying  on  the  ground, 
where  thermometer  No.  1  was  sunk.  The  temperature  as  shown  by  this  tiiermo- 
meter  (Column  No.  4)  was  registered  until  the  snow  all  disappeared.  Column  No. 
5  gives  the  mean  temperature  of  the  air  for  the  day  on  which  the  registers  of  the 
different  thermometers  were  taken.  Column  No.  G  gives  tlie  mean° temperature 
of  the  air  for  the  number  of  days  or  hours  intervening  between  the  registers  of  the 
thermometers.  All  the  temperatures  of  the  dilferent  thermometers  are  corrected 
80  as  to  reduce  them  to  the  standard  of  the  air  thermometer,  comparisons  having 
previously  been  made  as  opportunity  offered." 

(Signed)  DAVID  WALKER. 


s\ 


HE  CO  II  I)   AND   11  EDUCTION 


i>iii». 


No. 


No,  J. 


No.  3, 


No.  4. 


No.  8. 


Nov. 


Doc. 


Hi.pt.  30 

Oil.       1 

4 

7 

9 

"      13 

"      1(1 

"      1» 

23 

28 

6 

13 

20 

27 

4 

"  11 
"  18 
1S5U 
.Imi.  1 
8 
"  18 
"  21 
27 
1 

"       12 

"      17 

"       2« 

March  4 

"      10 

"       28 

ApriX    2 

7 

"       12 


F(l>. 


30''.4 

2!I.U 

2.S.5 

27.5 

2(;.:i 

24.1 

22.4 

21.2 

21).  2 

1!).4 

17.8 

1(!.3 

14.1) 

14.1 

i;i.6 

12.9 
10.(3 

8.1 
tl.tf 
6.4 

4.4 

2.9 

l.(J 

0.5 
0.8 

1.1 


3 

5 
5 
7 

H 
10 

111 

42 

42 

55 

57 

6li  - 

53 

51 

6(> 
(!9 

68 

72 
72 

68 

72 
76 

78 


No.  0. 


(( 

15 

1.4 

77 

23 

1.8 

76 

u 

26 

11 

30 

2.2 

84 

Mny 

7 

2.8 

82 

ti 

10 

It 

14 

3.1 

72 

" 

21 

3.6 

74 

ti 

ti 

28 

4.3 

71 

June 

4 

4.9 

70 

" 

11 

10.1 

54 

i( 

16 

4( 

18 

frozen 

26 

24 

frozen 

18 

July 

1 

frozen 

0 

+11.6 
+14.0 
+14.5 
+  18.0 
+22.1 
+32.3 
+33.8 
+30.3 
+  32.6 


— 18°.7 

—23.7 
—22.2 
—24.7 
—23.7 
—2.1.2 
— 2.1.7 
—22.7 
—16.4 
—10.9 
—12.4 
— lO.i) 
—12.9 
—11.9 

—  0.5 

—  5.0 

—  3.0 

—  3.0 
+  3.5 
+  8.0 


—  S'.O 

—  3.8 

—  3., 

—  1.2 

+  0.6 
+  1.2 


+  2.3 
+  3.7 

+  4.5 
+  5.0 

+  (1.4 
+  V.7 
+31.8 

+32.3 
+32.1 
+34.8 


+24^3 
+26.4 
+22.3 
+  13.6 

—  1.2 

—  0.7 
+  lh.5 
+  9.1 

—  0.8 

—  2.0 

—  0.6 

—  9.2 

—  13.8 
—23.8 
—35.4 
—35.0 
—33.4 

—39.2 
—34.7 
—28.3 
—42.2 
—25.8 
—33.3 
—22.7 
—36.6 
—38. 2 
02.2 

— 23.4 
—15.4 
+  2.0 
—10.6 
—16.3 

—  1.1 

—  0.2 

—  1.5 
+16.4 
+  4.1 
+11.8 
+20.4 
+17.8 
+18.7 
+25.4 
+34.1 
+35.3 
+39.2 
+3(!.' 
+3(:  :l 
+4'  .6 


B«twoen  Sept.  30  ami  Oct.    1 

=.+24". 

4( 

(1 

Oit.       1 
4 

'•      4 
"      7 

+  25.7 
+  22.2 

II 

"       7 

"      9 

+  9.9 

It 

"        9 

"     13 

+  7.0 

II 

"      13 

"     16 

0.0 

II 

"      16 

"     19 

+  8.2 
+  3.2 

II 

"      19 

"    23 

II 

"      23 

"    28 

—  0.4 

41 

"      28 

Nov,   6 

—  2.4 

II 

Nov.     « 

"     13 

-10.7 

11 

"      13 

"     20 

—  7.9 

II 

"     20 

"    27 

—  16.5 

14 

"     27 

Doo.    4 

—  19.4 

II 

Dbo.    4 

"     11 

—29.8 

II 

"      11 

"     18 

—36.7 

11 

"       18 

Jnn.    1 

-.34.5 

11 

Jnn.     1 

"       8 

—36.8 

il 

"        8 

"     18 

—28. 9 

l< 

"      18 

"     21 

—.3.1.4 

li 

"      21 

"    27 

— :  7.5 

11 

"      27 

Fell.    1 

II 

Feb.     1 

"     12 

— 34.'l 

II 

"      12 

"     17 

—35.6 

"      17 

"    26 

—37.4 

II 

"      26 

Mar.   4 

—32.1 

II 

m,      'l  4 

"     10 

—17.0 

II 

"      10 

"     28 

—17.8 

(1 

"      28 

April  2 

—10.9 

U 

AprW    2 

"      7 

—  3.5 

(1 

"        7 

"     12 

—12.3 

If 

"       12 

"     15 

—14.1 

II 

"      15 

"    23 

+  3.0 

It 

"      23 

"    26 

—  5.7 

II 

"      26 

"    30 

+  5.5 

II 

"      80 

May    7 

+  5.9 

l( 

May     7 

"     10 

+  7.0 

41 

"       10 

"     14 

-1-14.4 

(1 

"      14 

"    21 

+  19.1 

'' 

"      21 

"     25 

+  17.1 

11 

"      25 

"    28 

+22.7 

II 

"      28 

Juno  4 

+26.5 

II 

June    4 

"     11 

+  33.7 

11 

"      11 

"    16 

+37.4 

II 

"     16 

"     18 

+40.1 

If 

"     18 

"    24 

+36.8 

11 

"     24 

July    1 

+36.8 

The  thermometer  sunk  two  feet  two  iiiche.s,  and  the  ground  above  covered  with 
snow,  gave  its  lowest  indication  on  March  10th,  when  it  reached  -f0°.5,  and  may 
be  assumed  as  having  reached  zero  about  March  16th.  The  temperature  of  the 
airvvaslow-estabout  January  19th  (2'=_38°.4);  hence,  the  greatest  cold  of  the 
soi  at  that  depth  occurred  5V  days  later.  The  thermometer  sunk  one  foot  one 
inch,  and  the  ground  free  of  snow,  reached  its  lowest  indication  already  on  Feb- 
ruary 2Gtii  (7'=_20°.7);  hence,  38  days  later  than  the  time  of  the  lowest  atmo- 
spheric  .temperature. 

Temperature  of  (he  Surface  of  the  ^a.-Frequent  observations  (at  irregular  hours 
of  the  day)  were  made  for  temperature  of  the  surface  of  the  sea,  between  July 
2d  ISO/,  and  September  12th,  1857.  It  suffices,  however,  to  give  an  abstract 
of  hese  ob.^<  rvations,  and  the  tbllowing  record  contains  the  ma.ximum,  minimum, 
and  mean  temperature  observed  -ach  day.     The  observations  were  resumed  April 


.!| 


OF   OltSKRVATlONS    FOI!    T  E  M  P  K  R  A  T  U  UK. 


88 


18Ui,  18r,S,  mul  continued  till  Soptcnibor  lltli,  ISoS.  Tl.oy  wore  n-ain  rosmncd 
AugiiHt  2l8t,  1859.  Some  other  observationw  will  be  given  below.  For  ti.e  lati- 
tude and  longitude,  see  preceding  ab.stract. 


Tk.MI'KKATUUE  (IF  THE  St'UKACE  OF  THE  SeA. 


July,  1867. 


Date. 


1 

•i 
3 
4 

r. 
c 
7 

H 

U 

10 

11 

VI 
13 
14 

\:> 
in 

17 
18 
19 
20 
1!1 

•.M 

;iH 

30 
31 


Max. 


Min. 


6,s° 

ei 

r>4 
f),'> 
fii 

47 
44 
43 
43 
38 
31) 


38 
34 
(0 
41) 
40 
39 
40 
43 
43 
4(i 


Menu. 


.Mi 
fili 

fi3 

Si 

47.5 

40 

•a:< 

42 

311 

33 

33 


30 
37 
3H 
37 
37 
37 
37 
38 
39 
42 


640 

A.'i.ft 

SB 

r>4 

filU 

57 

57.8 

54 

53.2 

63 

4!).!) 

44.3 

38 

42.2 

41.3 

35.IJ 

34.7 

30 


■40 

38.3 

38. 7 
38.2 
38.5 
39.5 
41.5 
43.8 


Notes — July,  1857. 
Kith.  Pack  ice  in  siglit. 
17lh.  Sailing  tlirough  the  ice. 
IHtli.  Bergs  .ind  pack  ico. 
23d.     In  liarbor. 
28th.  Surface  temp.  38°,  and  at  110 

fathoms  deptli  31°. 5. 
28th-30th.  Icebergs  in  sight. 


August,  1867. 


I)  lite 

1 
2 
3 

4 

S 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
18 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
35 
2(1 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Mils. 


Min. 


41)" 

46 

44 

49 

41 

43 

35 

37 

3tl 

35 

38 

35 

38 

38 

37 

3(1 

32 

35 

30 

30 

32 

33 

33 

31 

1^3 

31 

33 

33 

32 

30 

32 


44" 
44 

42 

38 

38 

37 

31 

30 

31 

30 

32 

29 

32 

33 

32 

30 

29 

29 

29 

29 

29 

30 

2!) 

28 

30 

30 

30 

31 

29 

29 

30 


44°.8 

44.2 

42.2 

42.3 

39.7 

.39.5 

34 

32.7 

33 

32.3 

32.5 

32.7 

35 

.35.5 

3.t.7 

32.7 

31 

3(1.7 

29.(! 

29.7 

31 

31 

31 

29.5 

31 

30.5 

31.2 

31.7 

31 

29.5 

30.9 


Notes — Aaii'ST,  1807. 

2d  and  3d.  Many  icebergs  in  sight, 
nth.  Fast  to  a  berg. 
Kith.  At  1  1>.  M.,  temp,  in  shade, 
thoruioiNi'ter    freely    suspended, 
4(1"  ;  against  iioberg,  receiviiinit-S 
reflected  ray.i,  53"  ;  against  ice- 
berg in  the  sun,  03=' ;  against  a 
black  surface  in  the  sun,  82°. 
14th.  Deep  sea  thermometer : — 
At  114  fatlioms,  30° 

"    50        "  2P.5 

"    25        "  31.6 

"    surface  38 

Fresh  water  on  berg,  32.2 
15th.  Temp.  3  feet  in  the  iceberg, 
29°.l;j;  its  surface, 'i2°.l ;  temp, 
of  the  air  41°.(i,  at  9  A.  M. 
lilth  and  17th.  Fast  to  a  lloe. 


1857  I 

Nov.  9th.  Temp,  of  sea  surface,  28°.0  ; 

185S 

Fob.    2d.  Temp,  of  sea  surface,  28.5    ' 


18.i8 
Mar.  10th. 


NOTES. 


SEPTEMIlEn,  IS.")?. 


Mean. 


Diite. 


Max. 


22d. 


March  l.st.       " 


Temp,  at      5  fath's 
120 


120 


29.0 
29.0 
32.5 
34.5 

29.5 


Mar.  20th. 
Mar.  29th. 
April  7th. 


100 

'      31.0 

5 

'      29.0 

90 

'      34.0 

4 

'      29.5 

12i) 

'      38.0 

4 

'      30.5 

110 

'     34.0 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

(i 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

10 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

20 

27 

28 

29 

30 


30° 

31 

30 

.32,5 

30.5 

30 

30 

30 

32 

32 

31 

30 


Min. 


29° 

29 

29 

29 

29 

28 

28 

29 

29 

,30 

29.5 

2S 


29'.5 

30 

29.3 

211.7 

29.7 

28.8 

2>-.5 

29.2 

30.7 

31 

.30.  (i 

2-*:a 


Notes. — Septkmbeb,  1857. 
5th.  At  10  A.M.— 

88  fatlioms,  temp.  29°.5 
50  "  29.0 

25  "  tiit.o 

Surface,  28.8 

13th.    2ii  icebergs   in   sight  from 

aloft. 
24tU.  Temp,  of  se '  at  surface,  29°. 


Temp,  at  120  fath's  3n°.5 


1858 
April    7th. 
April  loth. 

April  14th. 

April  2Ut. 


Temp,  at      4  fath's 

120  " 

4  " 

110  " 

4  " 

110  " 

4  " 


30° 

34 

30 

31 

30.5 

31.2 

29.  S 


i 


.^' 


34 


RECORD  AND  REDUCTION 


'I  ii*'' 


Temperature  of  the  Surface  or  the  Sea. 


April,  1858. 


June,  1858. 


Diitc. 


Mux. 


Min. 


Monn. 


18 
li) 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 


29 


31 
31 
32 


2S<'.5 
2i) 


30 

29.5 

30 


29^0 
29.0 
2S.7 
29.0 

29.5 

29.5 
30.4 
30.2 
30.9 


May,  185S. 


Dnte. 


Mnx. 


Min.     I     Menn. 


8 

9 

10 

,  . 

,  . 

11 

29 

40° 

34° 

30 

34 

31 

31 

33 

31 

29^0 
28.0 
2i^.O 
29.0 

3G.2 
32.4 
31.8 


Pulo. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

G 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
Ki 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2{i 
27 
28 
29 
30 


Max. 


33° 

35 

32 

33 

32.5 

32 

33 

33 

33 

32 

33 

32 

31.5 

32 

32 

32 

39 

32 

33 

32 

31 

32 

32 

32 

33 

33 

33 

32.5 

33 

32 


Min. 


32° 

33 

31 

32 

31 

31.5 

31 

32 

311.5 

31 

32 

30 

30 

30 

31 

29 

31 

30 

31 

31 

31 

29 

30 

30.5 

31 

31 

31 

32 

32 

31 


Moan. 


32°.5 

33.7 

31.7 

32.7 

31.6 

32.0 

32.3 

32.7 

32.2 

31.6 

32.3 

31.6 

3(1.8 

31.0 

31.7 

31.0 

32.3 

31.2 

31.8 

31.7 

31.0 

30.8 

31.2 

31.6 

32.2 

31.8 

31.7 

,32.1 

32.5 

31.7 


July,  1858. 


Date. 


10 
11 
12 

13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Mn.x. 


34° 

32 

33 

32.2 

33 

32 

32 

31 

34 

32.5 

33 

32 

32 

32 

32 

32.5 

32.5 

32.5 

32.5 

35 

33 

33 

34 

38 

41 

38 

35 

35 

37 

34 

34 


Min. 


Mean. 


31° 

31 

31 

31.5 

31 

30.5 

31 

31 

31 

31 

32 

31 

31 

31 

31 

31 

31 

30 

31 

32 

32 

31 

32 

32 

32 

32 

32 

32.5 

32 

31 

32 


32°.0 

31.8 

31.8 

31.9 

31.8 

31.2 

31.7 

31.0 

32.2 

31.9 

32.3 

31.7 

31.2 

31.3 

31.8 

31.8 

32.1 

31.6 

31.8 

32.9 

32.3 

32.3 

32.9 

33.8 

S.O.O 

34.0 

33.  S 

,33.8 

33.8 

32.  S 

33.0 


August,  1858. 


September,  1858. 


Date. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 


9 
1(1 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Max.  Min.  Moan 


35° 

35 

34 

37 

35 

34 

34 


32.1 
33 


32 
32 
31 
31 
32 
33 
31 
31 
32 
30 
31 
30 
30 
30 
29 


33° 

33 

32 

32 

31 

32 

31 


32 
32 


31 
31 
31 
31 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 
80 
30 
29 
29 
29 


33°.  8 

34.0 

33.2 

33.7 

33.2 

33.2 

32.4 

32.0 

29.6 

32.1 

32.7 

34.0 


32.6 
31.3 
31.5 
31.0 
31.0 
30.8 
31.2 
30.2 
30.2 
30.4 
30.0 
30.2 
29.5 
29.7 
29.7 
2!i.(l 


Pate. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
)1 


Max. 


Min.     !      Mean. 


29° 

29° 

29 

29 

i      30 

29 

29 

29 

j       29 

29 

1       30 

29 

32 

30 

31 

30 

30 

29 

30.,') 

29 

■■      i 

29°.0 

29.0 

29.2 

29.0 

29.0 

29.5 

30.3 

30,7 

29.5 

29.6 

29.2 


Sept.  27th.   Temp,  at  65  fathoms, 
31°  J  surface  temp.,  28°. 


August,  1859. 


Date.      8  A.  M.      «  P.  M.        Mean. 


21 

22 

39°,6 

23 

36.5 

24 

37.8 

25 

38.2 

2li 

3'?.,') 

39°.8 

39.0 

36.8 

,38.5 

38.5 

39.  ti 


39.2 
.36,7 
38,1 

38.3 
;i!l.  1 


1 

September,  1859.           1 

rate. 

8  A.M. 

8  P.M. 

Mean. 

2 

39°  0 

39°.0 

3 

38°.8 

39.8 

39.3 

4 

4(1.0 

41.2 

40.6 

5 

41.0 

41.0 

41.0 

'       6 

41.5 

42.0 

41.7 

7 

38.5 

40.5 

39.5 

8 

42.5 

44.0 

43.2 

9 

43.0 

44.5 

43.7 

10 

45.0 

46.5 

4.^.7 

11 

47.5 

48.0 

47.7 

12 

61.0 

51.0 

13 

50.5 

52.5 

51.5 

14 

,    . 

54.0 

54.0 

15 

,    , 

56.0 

5(1.0 

16 

,    , 

56.5 

56.5 

17 

58.0 

58.0 

OP   OnSEUVATlO.NS   FOR   TE  M  P  E  II  AT  UllK. 


35 


Table  of  Mkan  Results  for  Tempekature  of  the  Surface  of  the  Sea.                    1 

Dnte. 

Locality. 

Temp. 

REMARKS. 

Between  N.  lat.       Between  W.  long. 

of  aea. 

1857 
July      2-15 

"       16—31 
Aug.     1—15 

"       16-31 
Sept.     1—12 

"       24 
Nov.     9 
1858 
Fell.      2-22 
March  1—29 
April    7—21 

"       18—28 
May      8—11 

"       29—31 
Juno     1—15 

"       16—30 
July      1—15 

"       16—31 
Aug.     1—12 

"       16—31 
Sept.     1— U 

"      27 
1859 
Aug.  21—26 
Sept.    2—  9 

»      10—17 

68°.3— 60°.l 
60.4-69.2 
69.4—75.1 
75.1—75.5 
75.5—75.6 
75.1 
74.8 

72.5—70.7 

69.8—68.5 

67.0—64.2 

64.8—66.5 

66.8—69.0 

71.3—72.8 

72.8—74.2 

75.0—75.9 

75.9—74.6 

74.4—72.6 

72.8—74.3 

74.3—72.0 

72.0 

72.0 

72.7— 69. 7 
67.3—58.7 
68.1—51.3 

20.6— 4S='.3 

49.7—53.3 

53.0—59.3 

69.3—64.1 

64.0—65.5 

65.3 

68.5 

61.2-60.7 

59.7—58.5 

58.4-5S.7 

58.6—53.5 

53.3—53.3 

55.6—55.8 

55.8—58.2 

60.1—67.5 

67.5-80.9 

82.0—76.3 

77.2—89.0 

94.0-94.2 

94.2 

94.0 

72.1—55.5 
57.3—48.3 
44.9—16.4 

5P.7 

3S.5 

36.9 

30.8 

29.6 

29.0 

28.0 

28.8 
29.6 
30.0 
29.6 
28.5 
33.5 
32.0 
31.6 
31.7 
32.4 
32.8 
30.5 
29.5 
28.0 

38.5 
41.0 
52.5 

Aberdeen  to  off  Cape  Farwel. 
Oil'  Cape  Farewell  to  I.iovely. 
Licvely  to  uear  Melville  Bay. 

I(                                  u 

((                          (( 
((                      (1 
(t                         If 

HafBn  Bay. 

Near  Davis  Strait,  at  4J  fatlioms  depth. 

Davis  Strait  4  fathoms. 

Davis  Strait. 

Holsteiiiburg  to  Whalefi.sh  Islands. 

Onienak  Fiord  to  off  Tpernavik. 

Off  Upernavik  to  south  of  Melville  Bay. 

Melville  li.iy. 

Upper  Batlin  B,ay. 

Baffin  Bay. 

Near  Lancaster  Sound  and  Barrow  Strait. 

Prince  Regent  Inlet,  Port  Keunedy. 

Near  Port  Keunedy. 

((                       u 

Lower  Baflin  Bay. 
Off  South  (treonlaud. 

The  lowest  temperatures  of  the  surface  of  the  sea  were  observed  in  November. 
1857,  near  Melville  Bay,  and  in  September,  1858,  at  Port  Kennedy  (viz.,  28°.0)  ; 
the  highest  temperature,  north  of  Davis  Strait,  in  May,  1858,  ofl"  Swarte  Hook 
Peninsula  (viz.,  33°. 5). 

The  following  table  of  monthly  mean  temperatures  of  the  air  (in  shade),  ex- 
pressed in  degrees  of  Fahrenheit's  scale,  has  been  prepared  by  Captain  McClintock, 
and  is  here  appended  as  forming  part  of  the  moat  valuable  material  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  Lsothormal  lines,  and  for  the  investigation  of  the  ell  natic  relations 
of  this  portion  of  the  Arctic  regions.  I  have  added  two  columns,  containing  the 
results  from  the  Second  American  Grinnell  Expedition,  under  command  of  Dr.  E. 
K.  Kane,  from  my  discussion  of  the  observations,  as  published  by  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  and  the  results  for  Port  Kennedy  as  made  out  by  me  in  the  preceding 
discussion.  This  last  column  may  be  substituted  for  that  given  by  Captain 
McClintock  in  his  general  table. 


'A 


,.^i 
.  ■* 


"Mi 


V 


111    » 

1* 


3(5 


■>-■  ■ 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION  OF  OBSERVATIONS  FOR  TEMPERATURE. 


Table  of  Mean  Monthly  Temperatures  Registered  by  Mobern  ExrEDiTioNs  to  the  American 

Arctic  Regions. 


Month. 


aj. 

<;oo 

J  ^ 

m 

S>^ 

5  -:. 

E" 

S^i 


January 

Kcliruiuy 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Septpmber 

October 

Noveml)er 

December 


Mean  an- 
nual temp. 


23.13—29.32 
24.(11  — 2(i.|j8 
—10.78  —28.1(1 
-f.  O.no  _  3. or) 
+23.31  4-17.88 
+33.16  1+31.38 
+3r).33'+41.4(i 
+30.88  i+4i;.32 
+31.«2'+28.,')7 
+  13.ir,  |+12.5(i 
+  7.80  +  0.(18' 
14.241— 1!1. 27 


'— 1G.13 

—19.58 
—19.01 
I—  0.85 
■+25.14 
+32.1(1 
+  :^8.r.8 
+33.88 
+25.10 
+13.72 
— 18.6C' 
—28.25  i 


^-^  CO 
»        " 


"SI 

4^ 


B» 


Wd-. 


m2 


ICQ 


^  o 


fi.-ff 


IE 

."  I 

«    S 


-oi 


o  '^ 

A,  J 


37.75 
30.73 
—17.58 

—  3,43 
+  18.03 
+.32.75 
+43.05 
+31).  S3 
+27.52 
+  3.95 

—  7.17 
—31.27 


—27.2 
—20.9 
—20.9 
+  1.4 
1+15.3 
;+3fa'.8 
+44.6 
1+40.9 
1+29.4 
+  7.9 
—  3.(! 
—23.1 


+  9,63  +  5,06  +  5.51 


a  ai  t- 

-■ss- 


+  2.85 


=  5  'S  „ 

-    C    ft  •" 

t^    ,    „  a 


+5.97 


I? 

C  -J 

o  o 

>■>  » 

a. 


—25.4  —16.19 
—32.5  —31,80 
—34,7  —20,00 
—  6.4  —  0,90 
+16.0  +22.'i9 
+31.6  +32.37 
+37.9  i      .  . 
+36.5        .  .      I 
+27.4  I      .  . 
+11.0  :+  0.56: 
—11.4  —  9.62 
—20.2  —26.04 


—24,2 
—17.8 
—12.7 
+  5.0 
+19,3 
+31.0 
+35.2 
+43.3 
+28,9 
+  4.1 

—  9.2 

—  5,6 


—13,3 

:— 27.7 
—17.0 
+  2.4 
+20.9 
+32.6 
+38,4 
+47,0 
+23,5 

—  0,0 

—  7,7 
—21,0 


+2.48 


Botli  yoara 

+7.31 


>  2 


to  " 


Month. 


WJ 

^ 

5^ 

X 

n 

>- 

r. 

u 

,    ce 

^ 

S 

_bC 

r- 

ti 

a 

t^ 

M 

o 

—19,29 
—16.89 
—23.29 
+10.12 
+  16.85 
+32.53 
+41,32 
+42.63 
+28.10 
+  7,56 
—  5,37 
—17.46 


—33.53 
—36,06 
—17.64 
—  2.45 
+  15.41 
+35.50 
+40,14 
+37,55 
+25,43 
+  7.47 
—11.29 
—32.98 


<    .  ^ 

So     .£? 


+  8.07 


£-■-- 

=  -     » 


+  2.29 


—32.5 
-37.7 
28.8 
■  4.8 
+18.9 
+36.1 
+37.5 
+36.5 
+20.2 
+  0.2 
—10.2 
—23.4 


4 

H 

e:  "^ 

o  o 


gW3 


+1.00 


.S.S- 


5a; 
n 


January 

February 

March 

April 

Way 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 


!  SS''>' 

!    *  ^   1 

j  iai 

1  S"» 

I    M      ." 

[   ."S5    . 
n  ^     « 

1       -"2 
'      a.  ^   5 


ji-i   i        ^ 


CO 

■^  . 

QQ 

LAND. 
H.  M. 

852-53 

J  "  CO 

]     «      ""• 

«     S 

:^. 

i-!^,; 

o^ 

5^1 

s^l 

O"  a 

—28.9 
—27.3 
—28.4 

—  6.5 
+17.6 
+36.1 
-f37.3 
+35.8 
+25.9 
+10.8 

—  5.0 
—19.0 


-'  4.03 


—31.8 
—31.3 
-  19.4 
-10,1 
+16.4 
+31.7 
-j-36.0 
+33.7 
+23.2 
+10.0 
—12,8 
—32.5 


+1,09 


fit-  o 


i-i 


Mean  an-     ,  „  ,, 
nualtemp.   +'^-^°  \ 


—27.3 
—25.8 
—28.4 
—  1.4 
+  10.2 
+31.5 
+36.7 
+37.6 
+  24.6 
+  3.3 
—15.2 
—20.0 


I       °       I 
—43.9  j_31.9oi 

—38.5 
—25.4 
—  6.5 
+  15.0 


+33.2 
+20,1 
—  5.6 
—16.5 
—26.1 


"g. 

r-  -5 
'I 


i  ^*  5* 
t2'~ 


—33,00 
—25,70 

—  7.03 
+  0..54 
+32.67: 
+36.60' 
+.33.70 
+20.20 

0,30 

—  6.90 
—22.20 


—36.8 
—19.0 
—13.0 

—  1.8 
+19.0 
+36.8 
+39.4 
+34.5 
+  21.4 
+  6.2 

—  3.12 
—24.7 


1-1 


O         00 


«  ^f'' 


^      i^^ 


.J 

H  ~.co 
ij  .  1; 


s  a 

ir.    o  . 

<  1-3  ■-• 

a    -  a» 

K  ^  •  a 

tj  "^  • 


go    . 

<  teg 
wgS  . 

«  .<  I 

!r  •^  ^ 
,,    BO 


.  o    ^ 

K    O 

***    .  o 


<3 


—31.41—36.71 

—34.3'— 41.12 

i-23.0  —31.95 

i+  0.3—  7.13 

1+13.9 

[+30.8 

1+37.5 

'+34.6 

+  18.5  +37. 

+  7.4+  4.60 

—16.6—22.27 

—24.1  —31.93 


I         Both  ynnrs 

+  0.47  +3.06 


^   ed   ea   '     i 

iJJ.--  "I'l 

!n  112 
E  2  I  •« 


t 

o 

0) 

a 


w^ 


—32.4 
—34.0 
—19.5 

—  9.9 
+16.7 
+36  2 
+42.4 
+32.7 
+22.6 

—  4.9 
—22.0 
—22.0 


i— 36.13 
—30.42 
—19.18 
—  2.47 
+  16.00 
+.33.04 
+36.42 
1+33.10 
i-fl8,80 
j-  0,56 
1—12,70 
—26,50 


—37.4 
—40.2 
—30.8 
—  4.8 
+  0.3 
+27.9 
+38.1 
+36.2 
+17.0 
+  9.5 
— 18..S 
—28.0 


—26.07 
—34.02 
—17.47 
—  .3.74 
+25.82 
+30.73  : 
-i-40.52  I 
+33.67  I 
+26.76  ! 
+  11.32 
—18.60  : 
—27.05  ! 


—40.00 
—29.50 
—17.71 

—  8.60 
+  14.70 
+20.80 
+  35.70 
+33,80 
+18,63 

—  1.80 

—  6.04 
—35.50 


+0,41  +  0.88-1.80   +  4.32  ,  -  0.59 


!|25 


1-5  t:*  «  1 
<-  =  o  2 

S^-f'S"  i 

*  -  'S  2 

till! 


—28.26 
—26.53 
—33.54 

—  9.48 
+14.78 
+30.76 
+38.18 
+31.59 
+13.16 

—  4.13 
—21.96 
—31.00 


i— 34.44 
1-36.80 
—17.44 
'—  1.08 
i+15.87 
+35.67 
+39.08 
+36.76 
+25.13 
+  7.12 
11.86 
33.76 


—  2.20  +  2.02 


-  -  s.  ~  s 
■3  So  M 

^    .  Q  a 


«  3  na 


PART   II. 


WINDS. 


i    : 


•  Cfl 


3\ 


-  > : 


ScA 


■i,i 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION  OF  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND. 


The  direction  and  force  of  the  wind  wa?  recorded  at  the  same  hours  as  those 
given  in  the  preceding  record  of  the  observations  for  temperature,  and  are  the  same 
at  which  all  other  meteorological  observations  were  made. 

In  the  preface  to  the  journal  containing  the  original  record,  Captain  McClintock 
states— "The  true  direction  of  the  wind  is  given  throughout;"  and  "the  force  of 
the  wind  is  indicated  according  to  the  Beaufort  scale  of  notation,  0  to  12,  see  Ad- 
miralty's Manual."  Comparing  the  direction  of  the  wind  given  in  the  fourth  num- 
ber of  Meteorological  Papers  published  by  authority  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  1860, 
I  find  that  for  a  part  of  the  cruise  the  magnetic  direction  is  given,  which  in  Cap- 
tain McClintock's  record  is  already  converted  into  "true,"  the  magnetic  variation 
having  been  applied ;  I  ha\  c,  therefore,  added  to  the  record  of  the  wind  the  ob- 
served variation  of  the  needle  to  show  the  amount  allowed  for  in  the  conversion  of 
the  directions.  The  proper  reduction  of  the  winds  requires  a  knowledge  of  the 
velocity  of  the  air  corresponding  to  each  number  expressing  the  force  according 
to  Beaufort's  scale;  this  I  have  derived  from  the  following  table :— 

Denomination  of  wind 

Calm 
liiglit  air 
Gentle  breeze  . 
Moderate  breeze 
Fresh  breeze    . 
Strong  ))recze 
Fresh  gale 
Strong  fjJe     . 
Storm     . 
Tempest 
Hurricane 

The  relation  of  the  tabular  numbers  of  pressure  and  velocity  is  in  accordance 
Avith  Smeaton's  table,  and  also  agrees  with  that  following  from  Dr.  Bernoulli's  for- 
mula. By  simple  proportion,  or  by  means  of  a  diiigram,  we  obtain  the  following 
velocity  number  corresponding  to  Beaufort's  scale,  or  to  a  graduation  from  0  to  12. 


Estimnteil 

Pressure  in 

Velocity  in 

number  of 

pounds  per 

miles  per 

force. 

square  foot. 

hour. 

0 

0.000 

0 

1 

0.005 

1 

2 

0.08 

4 

3 

0.9 

13 

4 

2.6 

23 

5 

5.1 

32 

6 

7.9 

40 

7 

12.0 

M 

8 

18.0 

60 

9 

31.0 

80 

10 

49.0 

100 

I   s'\ 


M 


V 


^, 


f:(«l 


r 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION 


v^'S. 


Force  according 

to  lieaufi)rt'a 

Dotation. 

0 

I 

3 
4 

5 
6 


Correspondinf; 
ndoptej  velocity 
in  miles  per  hour. 

0 

1 

4 
10 
17 
24 


Force  according 

to  Beftufort'a 

notation. 

7 

8 

9 

10 
11 

la 


Corre.«ponding 
adopted  velocity 
in  miles  per  hour. 

40 
48 
66 
67 
82 
100 


viX'ri  "'x?''"^  ""°"'°^  "^ "'"-"°"'  •  -^-'« «--. '"  ti.« 


Eccord  of  (he  Ohservatlons  for  Direction  mid  force  of  the  Wind. 

JJ'i  T't  ™'7.r^'  ^'"''!''^  ^"  *^^°  P''^^*^'  '^'  fi'-^t  part  comprising  the  period 
from  September,  1857,  to  August,  1858,  when  the  ship  was  in  Baffi 's  Bay,  and 

lo.t  Kennedy.     These  two  periods  will  be  discussed  separately.     The  daily  and 

hole  r;  e  '  '"f"  ''  ''"  ^"^  ^"  ^"^^'^^^  ^"  ''''  - '-^  «f  'he  temperatures  ■ 
those  lor  the  several  seasons  are  as  follows  :— 


Autnran— Sept.,  Oct.,  Nov.,  1857 
AVinter—Dcc,  Jan.,  Feb.,  1857-8 
Spring— March,  April,  May,  1858 
Summer— June,  July,  Aug.,  1858 

Whole  year— average  position,  Baffin's  Bay 
Second  year— at  Port  Kennedy  . 

Remarks  relating  to  winds  are  given  in  notes. 


Between  mean  Int's — 

75°.3and  740.8  N. 

74.3  71.5 

69.4  C8.7 
74.6           Ul 

720.5  N.         and 
72.0 


and        Mean  long's — 

65°.  0  and  69°.  1  W.  ofGr. 
07.4  60.9 

59.1  53.7 

60.1  88.5 

65°. 8  W.  ofGr. 
94.2 


OF  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND. 


41 


Direction  (true)  and  Force  op  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacht  Fox. 
July,  1857.— aicin  position:  Lat.  62°  N.;  long.  39°.  1  AV.  of  Greenwich. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

U 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

l.") 

1« 

17 

18 

1!) 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

2ti 

27 

28 

2il 

30 

■il 


DATE. 

1 
2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2t! 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


4ii. 


2  S.  S.  W. 

B3. 

5  N.  E.  by  N. 

«  N. 

2  N.W.byW. 

1  K. 

ti  !•:.  S.  E. 
7  K.  by  S. 

2  E. 

1  N.  N.  E. 
7  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  W. 
Ciilra 
C.ilm 

1  W.  by  N. 
4  N.  W. 

2  N.W.byW. 
2  N. 

()  S. 

4  N.  W. 

Ti  N.W.byN. 

4  K.W.  L>  N. 
Calm 

5  N. 

1  N. 
5  N. 

2  N.  N.  W. 
7  E.  S.  E. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
2  E.  by  S. 


6h. 


Noon. 


2  W.  S.  W. 
4S. 

.')  N.  E.  by  N, 
li  N. 
1  S.  W. 
Calm 
(i  E.  S.  E. 
7E.  byS. 
4  E.  N.  E. 
4  N.  N.  E. 
UN. 
1  N.  W. 
1  E'ly 
1  S.  E. 
1  S.  W. 
4  N.  W. 
2N.W.byN. 

OS. 

2S.  W. 
.')  N.W.byN. 
4  N.W.byN. 

4  S.  W. 

5  N. 
IN. 
4N. 

1  N.  N.  W. 
4E. 

4  N.W.byN. 

2  E.  N.  E.       j 


4  S.  W. 

5  S.  H.  W. 

5  N.  E.  by  N, 

4N. 

1  N.  W. 

I  E. 

II  E.  S.  E. 
.'■.  E. 

t-  E.  N.  E. 
5  N.  N.  E. 
4  N.  bv  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

2  S.  E. 

4  N.  W. 

1  S.  W.  by  S, 

5  N.  W. 

3  N.  W.,  E. 

5  S.  by  E. 
2S.  W. 
5  N.W.bvN. 
G  N.W.byN. 
(i  S.  v..  bv  S. 

1  N.  N.  W. 
2N. 

3  N.  by  W. 

2  .S.  S.  E. 
4E. 

5  N.W.byN. 
Calm 


4li. 


4  S.  bv  W. 

1  N.  W. 

I)  N.  E.  by  N, 

2  W.  N.  W. 
1  W.  N.  W. 
IE. 

7  E.  by  S. 
3E. 

5  E.  by  N. 

0  N.  N.  E. 
4  N.  N.  E. 

1  W.  N.  W. 
^  E'ly 

4  W.  by  N. 

1  S.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 
4  S.  W. 

4  S.  W. 

2  N.W.byW. 

5  N.W.byN. 
4  N.W.byN. 
2  S.  W.  by  S. 

2  N.  N.  W. 
2N. 

3  N.  by  W. 

4  E.  S.  E. 
2  S.  S.  E. 
Tr.W.liyN. 

Cal:?' 


81.. 


4S.VV.byW 

Calm 
C  N.  by  E. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
1  W.  N.  W. 

3  E.  S.  E. 
7  E.  by  S. 
2E. 

1  E.  by  N. 

i>  N.  r:.  E. 

4  N.  N.  E. 
1  N'ly 

4  E'ly 

5  N.  N.  W. 

1  S.  W. 

4  N.W.byN, 

2  N.W.byN, 

5  H.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.W.byW. 

3  N.W.byN. 
2  N.W.byN. 
1  N.  W. 

1  N. 
2N. 

5  N.  N.  W. 
ii  E.  a.  E. 
2S. 

7  N.W.byN. 
Calm 


Midn't. 


4  S.  S.  W. 
4N.  E.  byN, 
7  N.  by  E. 
2  N.W.byW, 
1  N.  W. 
4  E.  S.  E. 
7  E.  by  S. 

is'ly 

1  var. 

7  N.  N.  E. 

2  N. 

1  N'ly 

4  E.  by  S. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.W.byN. 

2  N.W.byN. 

5  S.  S.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

2  W. 

3  N.W.byN. 

2  N.W.byN. 

3  N.  W. 
1  N. 
2N. 

4  N.  N.  W. 
7  E.  S.  E. 

1  S. 

2  N.W.byW. 
Calm 


Viirla'n 
alluw'd. 


w. 

3ll° 

37 

42 

47 

51 

52 


.')0 
55 
5  (J 
59 


Tlio     variatl 
applli'il  rnrlli,>'j,l. 
:icl,  4ili,  uuil.'.ili  I 
uut  givou. 


C2 
64 
70 
72 


l.Mh.     Ciirront 
X.  N.  W.  is'. 


inih.  Current 
N.  N.  W.  IS  ;  rii- 
Hatloii  applli'd, 
tK-tw-t'eu  till*  IJtth 
&'.!Oth  uot  slated. 


August,  1857.— Mean  position:  Lat.  74°  N. ;  long.  590.8  W. 


41.. 


Calm 
4  S.  E.  by  E. 


8h. 


byS. 


lE'ly 
(J  H.  E, 
5  W, 

4  .S'ly 

1  S.  E.  by  S. 
3  N.  E.  b'y  li. 

5  S.  E. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

4  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

1  W'iy 

0  S.  E. 

5  S.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E, 
C  S.  E. 
1  S.  E. 
1  N.  W. 
1  E. 

1  N.  E. 
3N. 

2  E.  by  3 
5E. 

Calm 
1  S.  E. 
3N. 
8  S.  S.  E. 


Calm 

3  N.  E. 
I     Calm 
'  2  S.  E.  by  S. 
I  .')  W. 
!  5  S'ly 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  N.  E.  by  E, 
'  5  S. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
1  S.  W. 

Calm 
Calm 
Calm 
Calm 

4  S.  E. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 
5E. 

2  S.  S.  E. 
Calm 

1  R. 

2  N.  by  E. 
4  E.  by  S. 

3  S.  by  E. 
(i  E.  S.  E. 
2  E.  by  S. 
1  S.  E. 
3N. 

8S.  E. 


Noou. 


Calm 

1  E'ly 
Calm 

8  S.  E.  by  S. 

4  W. 

G  S.  S.  E. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  K.  by  E. 

5  S.  S.  E. 

3  S.  S.  ).;. 

4  N.  W. 
2  S.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

2  S.  S.  E. 

2  S.  S.  E. 

3  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

4  S.  E.  by  S. 
2S.  W.  byS. 

Calm 
4  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.W.byN. 
6E. 

6  E.  S.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

2  E.  S.  E. 

5  S.  E. 

5  E.  N.  E. 


41.. 


SI.- 


3  S'ly 

1  E'lv 

4  E.  "by  S. 

I!  N.W.byW 

5  W.  bv  S. 
G  S.  S.  E. 

2  N'ly 

4  E.  by  N. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

1  W.  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 

2  S.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

3  N.  W. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

4  S.  S.  E. 

2  S.  E. 
2S. 

3  S.  E.  by  S. 
1  S.  W.  by  S. 
1  S.  E. 

3  E. 

3  N.W.byN. 

G  E.  by  N. 

3E. 

3  N.  E.  by  E. 

1  K.  S.  E. 

1  N.W.byW. 

7  E.  j 

3N.  N.  W. 


4  E.  S.  E. 
Calm 

4  S.  E.  by  S. 
4N.W.bvW 

5  W.  by's. 
j  S  S.  S.  E. 

1 1  N'ly 
'  4  E'ly 
3  S. 

2  W'ly 

3  N.  W. 
Calm 

IN'ly 
Calm 
3  N.  W. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

4  S.  E. 
IS.  E. 

3  S.  S.  E. 
2  S.  E.  by  S. 
1  S.  W.  byS. 

1  S.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  N.W.byN. 
()  E.  by  N. 

5  E.  bv  N. 
2  E.  N".  E. 
1  S.  S.  E. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
7  E.  .S.  E. 

0  N.W.byW. 


Midn't. 


5  S.  E.  by  E 

Calm 
li  S.  E.  by  S. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

5  W.  by  S. 

4  S.  S.  E. 
3  N'ly 

5  E'ly 
3  S.  E. 
2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
Calm 

1  N.  E.  by  N 
Calm 

3  N.  W. 
,■)  S.  S.  E. 
(i  S.  E. 

1  S.  E. 
5  S'ly 

2  S.  E. 
Calm 

1  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

3  N. 

5  E.  by  N. 
5  E.  by  N. 

2  E.  by  S. 
2  K.  S.  E. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
8  E.  S.  E. 

(i  N.W.byW. 


Varia'n 
Hllow'd, 


w. 


70 

80 

82 
S7 
90 
90 
90 

87 
90 
90 
90 
92 
92 
92 
92 
92 
92  38' 

92  38 
92  38 

92  30 

94  12 


4lh.    Haffllni; 
winds  Willi  fttl-OUg 

gusts. 


Var'u  ubserv.hl. 


Vftr'o  observed. 


Var'a  observed. 


."ilst.  Vftr'ii  obs. 
Ice  BtHtionary,  af- 
terwards driviriir 
toN,.N.W.  S  S.  li. 


,.%, 


~w 


-  H 


42 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION 


Direction  (true)  and  Force  of  the  Wind  ohbekved  on  hoard  the  yacht  Fox. 

September,  1857.— Mean  position:  Lnt.  75o.3  N. ;  long.  05°  W. 

VRrlfttlna 
allowed. 

DATE. 

4h. 

8h. 

Noon. 

4U. 

8h. 

Midu't. 

1 

2  N.  W. 

2E, 

2  S.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

2  S.  S.  W. 

3  S.  E. 

2 

3  S.  E. 

3  S.  by  E. 

1  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  W. 

3 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

ti  E.  hy  a.  ■ 

2  S.  E. 

4 

3  S.  S.  W. 

3S. 

3  S.  E.  bv  S. 

4  S.  E. 

0  E.  S.  E. 

6 

1  N.  K. 

2  S.  E. 

2  E.  hy  N. 

2E. 

Calm 

w. 

0 

3  S.  H.  E. 

2  S.  K.  by  E. 

3E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3N. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

94°  2S' 

7 

5  N.  N.  W. 

5  W.  bv  S. 

3  W.  S.  W. 

3  E. 

4N.  E. 

()  E.  ,S.  E. 

8 

8  W.  S.  W. 

7  S.  S.  W. 

fi  S.  E. 

7S.  E. 

G  U.  by  W. 

6  S.  E.  by  S. 
«  S.  by  E. 
1  W.  hy  S. 
(>  S.  S  W. 

9 

5  S.  hy  E. 

5  9.  E.  by  S. 

(i  S.  by  E. 

:>       by  E. 

7  S.  by  E. 

10 

5  S.  E.  hy  S. 

2  S.  by  E. 

3  S.  by  E. 

1  S.  hy  E. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

11 

2  S.  by  E. 

4  E.  by  a. 

5  S.  E. 

7S.  E. 

0  S.  E. 

12 

4  W.  by  S. 

2  W.  by  N. 

2  W. 

2  W.  hy  N. 

1  W.  bv  N. 

1  W.  by  N. 
4  E.  by  N. 
3  W. 

13 

4  W.  by  N. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  W. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

94     4 

14 

BE. 

4  S.  E.  by  S. 

4  S.  S.  E. 

«  S.  l)y  E. 

«  W.  hy  S. 

16 

1  W.  by  S. 

2  S.  by  E. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

1  S.  E,  hy  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 
4  E.  S.  E. 

2  H.  N.  E. 

IB 

4  E.  by  S. 

3  E.  by  S. 

4  E.  by  S. 

3  E.  hy  .S. 

2  E.  hy  N. 
2  W. 

17 

2  N.  E. 

1  N.  by  W. 

1  N.  W.  hy  N. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

95    10 

18 

2  N.  hy  E. 

2  N.  N.  AV. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

19 

5  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

1  N. 

2  N.  E.  by  W. 

2  N.  E.  by  N. 

2  N.  E. 

20 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  hy  E. 

2N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 
4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W.  hy  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

21 

4  N.  W.  by  \V. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 

5  N.  W.  by  W. 

(J  N.  W.  hy  W. 

22 

4  W. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

li  W.  N.  W. 

G  W.  by  S. 
Calm 

7  W.  N.  W. 

23 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 

j4    14 

24 

3  E.  by  S. 

n  N.  N.  E. 

(i  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

2N.  W. 

4  N.  \V. 

25 

U  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2N.W.  byN. 

1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

26 

2  N.  N.  E. 

2  \V.  by  S. 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

27 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

4N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  N.  E.  by  N. 
Calm 

28 

1  N.  i\.  E. 

Calm 

2E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

Calm 

29 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 

1  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

30 

Calm 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  W.  hy  W. 

6  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

21., 

Gi'- 

loll. 

21.. 

61.. 

101.. 

30 

Calm 

1  N.  W. 

2  N.  W.  hy  W. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

Geuabks. 

1st 

Ice  driving  to  S.  W.,  nnd  .afterwards  to  N.  W. 

IGth.  Ice  drift  to  S.  W. 

2d. 

"            "     N.  and  N.  W. 

17th.          "          S.  W. 

3d. 

"            "     S.  E.  and  N.  W. 

l«tli.          "          S.  W.  and  S.  E. 

4tli 

.       "            "     E.,  S.  W.,  and  W. 

inth.          "          N.  and  S 

.  E. 

Bth 

.  Ice  drift  to  westward. 

20th.          "          S.  E. 

fith 

.  V.ar'n  observed.    Ice  drift  to  S.,N.  W.,&  S.  W. 

2l8t.           "          S.  E. 

7th 

.  Ice  drift  to  S.  E.  and  N.  W. 

22d.           "          S.  E. 

8tli 

H.  W.  and  N. 

23d.           "          S.  E.,  N. 

E.,  and  S.  W. 

0th 

"          westward. 

24tlj.          "          S.  E. 

10th 

S.  W.,  N.  E.  and  E. 

2.5th.          "          S.  E.  and  S. 

llth 

"           westward  and  N.  W. 

2(;th.          "          S.  E. 

12th 

"          eastward  and  westward. 

27th.          "          S.  E.  and  S.  W. 

IMth 

N.  E.  and  N.  W. 

2Sth.          "          S.  E.  and  S.  W. 

14th 

"          westward. 

2!)th.          "          S.  E. 

mth 

"           northward. 

3nth.          "          S.  E. 

OF  THE  DIRECTION   AND   FORCE   OF  THE   WIND. 


43 


Direction  (true)  and  Force  of  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacht  Fox.               | 

October,  1857.— Mean  position:  Lat.  75°. 2  N.;  long.  6T°.9  W. 

DATE. 

2h. 

4I1. 

6. 

8h. 

IQh- 

Noon. 

1 

1  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 

2  S.  by  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2 

3  K.  S.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  \V. 

1  N.  W. 

3 

2  \V.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  N.  W.  bv  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

4 

4  N.  W.  liy  W. 

4  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  \V.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

5 

2  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  \V. 

5  N.  W. 

5  N.  W.  by  W. 

(i» 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  bv  E. 

1  N.  l,y  E. 

1  N.  by  W. 

1  N.  byW. 

7 

Calm 

Culm 

1  H.  hy  K. 

1  H.  by  E. 

1  S.  bv  E. 

1  S.  H.  W. 

8 

2  \v.  y.  W. 

1  W.  .'^.  W. 

2  H.  S.  E. 

2  S.  E.  by  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

i» 

1  K.  l>v  S. 

1  E.  bv  S. 

1  N.  W.  by  N. 

2N. 

4  N'.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

10 

4  W.  N.  \V. 

4  VV.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  VV.  N.  W. 

n 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  \V. 

12 

4  W.  N.  \V. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

3  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  bv  N. 

13 

1  W.  liy  N. 

1  W.  by  N. 

1  W. 

1  W. 

1  E.  N.'E. 

2  E.  N.'E. 

14 

8  K.  N.  K. 

9  E.  N.'E. 

8  E.  S.  E. 

8  E.  S.  E. 

8  E.  S.  E. 

8  E.  H.  E. 

15 

7  K.  a.  K. 

7  E.  S.  E. 

«  S.  E.  by  E. 

«  S.  E.  by  E. 

7  S.  E. 

7  8.  E. 

l(i 

4  K.  S.  K. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

4  E.  H.  E. 

2S.  E. 

2S.  E. 

3  E.  by  S. 

17 

6  S.  S.  K. 

4  s.  a.  E. 

4  E.  by  S. 

5  E. 

G  N.  E. 

G  N.  K. 

18 

2  E.  l.y  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

3  W. 

2  W. 

3  W.  S.  W. 

3  S.  by  W. 

10 

2  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

20 

4  E.  S.  E. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

2  S.  W.  by  S. 

2  S.  W.  by  S. 

2  S.  W.  by  S. 

21 

fi  S.  by  E. 

4  S.  by  E. 

5  S.  E.  bv  S. 

5  .S.  E.  by  S. 

4  h.  E.  by  S. 

4H.  E. 

22 

2  N.  K.  l,y  E. 

5  N.  E.  by  E. 

8  N.  W.  by  W. 

9  N.  W.  by  W. 

9  W.  by  N. 

9  W.  by  N. 

23 

(i  S.  W. 

4  S.  W. 

2  S.  W. 

2  S.  W. 

2  S.  W. 

2  S.  W. 

24 

5  W.  by  N. 

C  N.  W. 

6N.  W. 

«  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

25 

Calm 

Ciilir. 

IW. 

1  W. 

1  E.  by  N. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

2(( 

2  N.  W.  bv  W. 

2N.  \V.  bvW. 

1  W.  by  S. 

1  W.  by  S. 

1  v^.  W.  by  W. 

1  S.  W.  by  W. 

27 

1  S.  E.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  E. 

1  N,  W. 

1  W. 

.'!  N.  W. 

28 

8  N.  W. 

9  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

G  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

29 

3  E.  by  N. 

2  E.  bv  N. 

1  E.  by  N. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

30 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  Vf. 

1  N.  E.  by  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

31 

2  N.  E.  by  N. 

3  N.  E.  by  N. 

4  N.  E.  by  N. 

2  N.  by  E. 

3  N.  by  K. 

3  N.  by  E. 

DATE. 

2h. 

41.. 

Gil- 

8I1. 

Kill. 

Midn't. 

1 

2  S.  E.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  E. 

(!  N.  E. 

4E. 

5  E.  S.  E. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

2 

1  K.  by  N. 

1  S.  S.  E. 

1  W. 

1  W. 

Calm 

3W. 

3 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  W.  bv  W. 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 

4 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  by  N. 

6 

3  W.  N.  \V. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

6 

1  N.  by  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  \V. 

2W. 

2  W. 

Calm 

7 

1  8.  W. 

1  S.  W. 

1  S.  W. 

Calm 

C.-.lm 

1  S.  W. 

8 

1  E.  by  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

Calm 

1  E.  Ijy  S. 

9 

4N.  E. 

4N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

10 

2  W.  N.  AV. 

2W. 

2W. 

2W. 

2  W. 

2  W. 

11 

2  \V.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  \V.  N.  W. 

12 

2  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  by  N. 

1  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  by  N. 

13 

4  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

G  E.  N.  E. 

G  E.  N.  E. 

7  E.  N.  E. 

14 

7  S.  S.  E. 

(i  S.  by  E. 

4  S.  bv  E. 

3  S.  E.  by  S. 

4  S.  E. 

7  S.  K.  by  S. 

15 

3  S.  S.  E. 

3  S.  E.  by  S. 

2S.  S."E. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

16 

3  E.  by  S. 

4  E.  by  S. 

5  E.  bv  S. 

G  E. 

7  E.  by  S. 

9  S.  S.  E. 

17 

6  E.  by  N. 

3  E.  by  N. 

4  E.  by  N. 

3  E.  by  N. 

3  E.  by  N. 

2  E.  by  S. 

18 

3  S.  S.  W. 

1  S.  by  W. 

1  H.  by  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  W.  N.  W. 

19 

4  W.  by  N. 

3  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  by  N. 

1  W.  by  N. 

2  E.  S.  E. 

2  E.  8.  E. 

20 

3  S.  E. 

5  S.  E. 

0  E.  S.  E. 

7  S.  E.  "by  E. 

7  S.  by  E. 

7  S.  by  E. 

21 

3  S.  E.  by  E. 

2  S.  E.  by  E. 

2  N.  by  W. 

5  E.  by  N. 

5  N.  E.  by  E. 

4  N.  E.  by  E. 

22 

9  W.  by  N. 

8  W.  by  N. 

8  \V.  by  N. 

7W. 

G  S.  \V.  by  W. 

G  H.  W.  by  W. 

23 

2  S.  W. 

2  S.  W. 

2  S.  W.  by  W. 

2  S.  W.  by  W. 

2  S.  W.  by  W. 

3  W.  by  S. 

24 

1  W. 

Calm 

1  W.  by  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

1  E.  by  S. 

1  E   by  S. 

25 

1  E.  by  S. 

Calm 

1  W.  by  S. 

1  W.  by  S. 

2  W.  by  S. 

3  N.  'V.  by  W. 

2G 

1  S.  S.  W. 

2  S.  S.  W. 

2  S.  S.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

27 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 

5  N.  W.  by  W. 

7  N.  W.  by  W. 

S  N.  W.  by  W. 

8  N.  W.  by  W. 

28 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  E. 

IE. 

Calm 

1  N.  E.  by  N. 

1  N.  E.  by  W. 

29 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 

G  N.  W.  by  VV. 

4  N.  W.  by  W. 

30 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  by  N. 

1  E.  by  N. 

2  E.  by  W. 

3  E.  l.y  W. 

3  E.  by  N. 

31 

4N. 

4N. 

5N. 
•  Varialiou  92 

3N. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

G  E.  N.  E. 

°W. 

V 


11 


'V^v 


V, 


-.J'l 


44 


RECORD  AND   nSCUSSION 


DiHECTION  (TRUE)  AND  FoRCE  OF  THE  WiND  OBSERVED  ON  BOARD  THE  YACHT  FoX. 

November,  1857.— Menn  position ;  Lut.  74^.8  N.;  long.  09"^.  1  W. 


1 

2 
3 

4 

5 

0 

7 

8 

0 

10 

U 

12 

13 

14 

IT) 

l(i 

17 

18 

11) 

'M 

21 

22 

2:1 

24 

25 
2ii 
27 
28 
20 
.■!0 


2h. 

4  E.  bv  N. 
4  N.  W.  by  W. 
1  E.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 
a  N.  W. 
:i  W.  N.  W. 
8  N.  W. 
.■i  \V.  N.  W. 
(i  N.  W.  bv  W. 
.'i  \V.  bv  a. 
1  N.  E.  by  N. 
7  N.  \V.  by  W. 

Calm 
4E. 
2S. 

7  E,  S.  E. 

8  P. 
('film 

1  W.  i\.  W. 

1  S.  by  W. 
4  N.  E. 

9  N.  E.  by  E. 
!)  S.  S.  W. 

3  S.  W. 

2  S.  S.  E. 
7  W. 

(i  N.  W. 
.'■)  W.  N.  W. 
.')  W. 

3  W.  by  N. 


4li. 


4  E.  bv  N. 
3  N.  W.  by  W. 
3  E.  N.  E. 
:>  E.  N.  E. 
3  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
i)  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

."i  N.  W.  l>y  W. 
r.  W.  H.  W. 
2  N.  E.  bv  N. 
7  N.  W.  iiy  W. 
2  W. 
4  E. 
2  S. 

7  E.  S.  E. 

8  S. 
Calm 

1  W.  N.  W. 

1  H.  by  W. 
."i  N.  E. 

y  N.  E.  by  E. 

9  S.  S.  W. 

2  S.  \V. 
4  S.  S.  E. 

I!  W.  N.  W, 
(!  N.  \V. 
tl  W.  N.  W. 
(i  W. 
2  W.  by  N. 


ci>. 

'•  E.  by  N. 

8h. 

.'.  E.  by  N. 

Calm 

Calm 

2  N.  N.  E. 

1  y.  W.  by  S. 

4  !•;  N   U. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.  \V. 

a  \V.  N.  W. 

:i  w.  N.  w. 

n  N.  w. 

1)  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

.-i  N.  W.  byW. 

r.  N.  W.  by  W. 

3  S.  W.  by  W. 

2  S.  S.  E. 

1  W. 

2  \V.  9.  W. 

■')  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

2\V. 

Calm 

(i  E. 

7  E.  a.  E. 

4S. 

.'■.  S. 

.-i  E.  S.  E. 

2  E.  S.  E. 

9  W.  S.  W. 

9  W.  S.  W. 

Calm 

1  W. 

Calm 

1  W.  N.  W. 

1  S.  by  W. 

1  S.  bv  W. 

3  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

9  N.  E.  by  E. 

9  N.  E.  by  E. 

8  S.  S.  W. 

7  S.  S.  W. 

1  s.  w. 

1  S.  W. 

!,  N.  E.  by  E. 

5  N.  E.  bv  E. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  \V. 

6  N.  W. 

tl  N.  W. 

()  W.  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

fiW. 

7  W. 

2  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  W. 

101'. 


4  E.  by  N. 
Calm 

2  S.  W.  by  a. 

3  E.  by  8. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
.-•  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W.  1  vW. 
3  S.  by  \V. 

2  N.  W. 

3  W. 

2  W.  by  N. 
7  E.  S.  E. 
(i  E.  by  N. 
1  E.  S.  E. 
.'  S.  S.  E. 
1  W.  N.  \V. 
1  W.  N.  W. 

1  S.  by  W. 

2  S.  E.  by  E. 
9  N.  E.  by  E. 

0  s.  s.  w. 

1  s.  w. 

1  S.  E. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
G  N.  W. 

.')  W.  H.  W. 
7  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 


Noon. 


1  E.  by  N. 
1  E.  H.  E. 
3  S.  W.  by  S. 
3  E.  bv  .S. 

1  N.  N.  \V. 

3  W.  N.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
4  N.  W.  by  W. 
3  S.  bv  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  W. 

2  W.  bv  N. 

7  E.  S.  E. 
fi  E.  by  N. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

8  S.  S.  E. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  \V. 
1  S.  by  W. 
4E. 

9  N.  E.  by  E. 

4  S.  S.  \V. 
Calm 

1  S.  E. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
.')  N.  W. 

5  \V.  by  N. 
(i  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 


I 


3 

4 

15 

ti 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2,5 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 


21.. 


by  N. 
W. 
by  W. 


1  E.  N.  E, 

1  E.  H.  E. 
3  S.  \V. 
3E. 
2N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.  W, 

4  W.  N. 

3  N.  W. 
2  ,S.  S.  W 

2  N.  W. 

3  W. 

1  S.  W. 

7  E.  S.  E. 

6  E.  by  N. 

1  S.  W.  by  S. 

8  S.  S.  E. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  bv  N. 
Calm" 

3  S.  E. 

9  S.  E.  by  S. 

4  S.  by  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  W.  by  W 

7  W.  by  N. 

5  W.  by  N. 

5  W.  by  N. 

6  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 


4h. 


6h. 


1  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

2  H.  W. 
3E. 

1  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 

0  \V.  N.  W. 
5  W. 

2  S.  S.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  W.  by  N. 

1  S.  W. 

5  K.  S.  E. 
."i  E.  by  N. 

1  S.  W.  by  S. 

8  S.  S.  E. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  by  N. 
Calm 

fi  S.  E.  by  E. 

9  S.  S.  E. 

4  S.  bv  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 
7  W.  by  N. 

4  W.  by  N. 
4  \Y.  bv  N. 
6  N.  W". 

1  N.  W. 


2  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  H.  E. 

2  S.  W. 
2E. 

1  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

!  3  N.  W.  by  N. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
I  7  W. 
!  2  S.  S.  W. 
i  4  N.  W. 

.')  \V.  by  N. 
I  2  S.  S.  E. 
I  .')  E.  S.  E. 
I  4  N.  E.  bv  E. 
!  1  S.  W.  by  S. 
I   f)  H.  S.  E. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
1  W.  by  N. 
1  N.  E. 

6  N.  E.  by  E. 
9  S.  S.  E. 

4  6.  W.  by  S. 
Calm 

5  N.  W.  by  W. 

7  W.  by  N. 
.1  W.  by  N. 
4  W.  by  N. 

6  W.  by  N. 
1  N.  W. 


81i. 


2  N.  W. 
1  E.  S.  E. 
1  S.  W. 

1  E. 
Calm 

7  N.  W. 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 
.3  W.  N.  W. 
7\V. 

1  S. 

5  N.  W. 

5  W.  by  N. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

6  E.  S.  E. 

.5  N.  E.  by  E. 
3  S.  W.  by  S. 

r>  s.  s.  E. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
Calm 

1  N.  E. 

7  N.  E.  by  E. 
9  S.  S.  E. 

3  S.  \V.  by  S. 

2  S 

fi  s!  W.  by  W. 
6  W.  by  N. 
fi  \V.  by  N. 

4  W.  bv  N. 

5  W.  b>  iN. 
1  N.  W. 


lOh. 


2  N.  W. 

2  E.  S.  E. 

2  N.  W.  by  W, 

1  E. 
Calm 

7  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
7  W. 

1  N.  E. 

7  N.  W. 

4  W.  by  N. 

2  E.  bv  N. 

1  E.  S."  K. 

3  N.  E.  by  E. 

4  S.  W.  by  S. 

2  S.  S.  E. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
Calm 

1  N.  E. 

8  N.  E.  by  E. 

9  S.  S.  E. 

4  S.  W.  by  S. 

3  S. 

«  W.  S.  W. 
6  W.  by  N. 
h  W.  by  N. 
.5  W.  bv  N. 

2  W.  b>  N. 
1  N.  W. 


Midn't. 


4  N.  W. 
Calm 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 
1  N.  W. 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 
8  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

6  W. 

1  N.  E. 

7  N.  W. 

1  W.  by  N. 

2  E.  bv  W. 
1  E.  S."  E. 

4  N.  E.  by  E. 

0  S.  W.  by  S. 

1  .'^.  ,S.  E. 

2  W.  N.  VV. 
Calm 

1  N.  E. 

8  N.  E.  by  E. 

9  a.  S.  E. 

3  S.  W.  by  S. 

2  S.  S.  E. 

(i  W.  by  S. 
6  W.  bv  N. 
.'•.  W.  h'y  N. 

4  W.  by  N. 
1  W.  bv  N. 
1  N.  W". 


OF   THE   DIUFCTION   AXP   FOKCE   OF  THE   WIND. 


45 


DiKKCTlllN  (TRLE)  AM)   FlIltCK  (IF  TlIK  WlM)  OllrtKUVKI)  (IN  IIOAIID  THE  YACHT  FoX. 

December,  1857,— Mean  position:  Lat.  74.3  N, ;  long.  C7°.4  W. 

DATK, 

2h. 

4h. 

01'. 

81i.            1            lOli. 

Noon. 

Varlallnu. 

1 

1  N.  W.  by  W 

1  N.W.  byW.    2N.W.  byW. 

1  N.  AV.  byW.    1  N.AA'.  byAV 

1  N.AV.  byAV 

2 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W.               1  N.  W. 

1  N.  AV.            1  1  N.  AV. 

1  N.  AV. 

3 

1  N.  \V.  hv  N. 

1  N.  W.  by  N.     2  N.  \V.  by  N. 

1  N.  AV.  by  N.  !  1  N.  AV.  by  N. 

2  AV.  8.  AV. 

4 

3  S.  l.y  W. 

3  S.  by  W.           2  S.  by  W. 

2  S.  by  AV.        !  3  H.  by  \V. 

3  S.  by  AV. 

S 

2  S.liy  K. 

2  S.  bv  E.            4  W.  by  N. 

4  AV.  bv  N.          .')  \V.  bv  N. 

G  \V.  by  X. 

6 

7  N.  W.  by  W 

8  N.  W.  by  W.    K  N.  W.  by  W. 

7  N.  \V.  by  AV.    3  y.  ,s.  E. 

3  8.  8.  E. 

7 

5  S.  8.  E. 

5  S.  S.  K.           .  3  S.  S.  W. 

1  W.  S.  AV. 

1  S.  S.  \V. 

1  8.  8.  E. 

8 

3  N.  K. 

2  N.  E.               i      Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  \V. 

1  X.  W. 

0 

3N.  W.  bvW 

1  N.  W.  byW.    1  N.  W.byW. 

1  S.  S.  E. 

1  S,  E. 

1  8.  !■:. 

10 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W.               1  N.  W. 

1  N.  AV. 

2  N.  .V.  E. 

2  X.  .\.  E. 

11 

1  N.  W,  by  N.  !  1  N.  W.  by  N.     1  N.  W.  by  N. 

1  N.  AV.  by  N. 

2  X.  AV.  by  N. 

2  X.  \V.  by  N. 

12 

()  N.  K.  by  K. 

fi  N.  N.    '.  .          S  N.  W.  bv  N. 

8  N.  AV.  by  N. 

8  N.  AV. 

9  X.  \V. 

13 

7  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W.         7  N.  W.  liy  N. 

1   7  .\    AV.  by  N. 

7  N.  W.  bvAV. 

7  X.  \V.  by  AV. 

14 

3  N.  AV. 

2  N.  W.               2  W.  S.  W. 

1  \V.  S.  AV. 

1  W.  8.  W. 

1  8.  \V. 

15 

C.ilm 

Calm                     Calm 

Calm 

'      Calm 

1  W.  8.  AV. 

16 

IW. 

1  W.                 [1  N.  E. 

1  AV.  N.  AV. 

1  AV.  N.  AV. 

1  AV.  X.  \V. 

17 

2N.  E. 

2  N.  E.              1  2  N. 

3  N.  N.  AV. 

2  N.  AV. 

2  N.  AV. 

18 

3W. 

4  W.                    3  W. 

3  AV. 

2  W. 

1  AV. 

19 

Calm 

2  S.                    '2  3. 

2S. 

1  4  \V.  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 

20 

3  N.  E.               !  4  E.  by  N.         1  5  W.  S.  W. 

4  S.  bv  AV. 

4  S.  bv  E. 

1  S.  by  E. 

21 

4  S.  W. 

5  N.  W.                (i  N.  W. 

7  N.  AV.               7  AV.  N-.  AV. 

G  \V.  X.  AV. 

22 

1  S.  W. 

2  H.  by  E.         i  4  K.  by  E. 

5  S.  by  E.            4  S.  by  E. 

:  4  8.  by  E. 

!I2"  \V. 

23 

5  S.  S.  E. 

5  S.  S.  E.              5  S.  S.  E. 

4  S.  S.  K. 

4  S.  S.  E. 

4  8.  8.  E. 

(about) 

24 

1  S.  E. 

1  S.  E.                !  1  N.  E. 

1  N.  N.  E. 

1  X.  i\.  E. 

1  X.  X.  AV. 

25 

3  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E.            4  N.  N.  E. 

.-,  N'.  by  E. 

4  X.  by  E. 

4  X.  by  E. 

1 

2G 

2  N.  by  E.        1  2  N.  by  K.         :  2  N.  bv  E. 

2  X.  bv  AV. 

1  N.  by  AV. 

1  X.  liy  AV. 

27 

4  i\.  by  W. 

r,  N.  bv  W.         4  N.  W. 

G  N.  AV. 

G  X.  AV. 

C,  X.  AV. 

28 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W.           4  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  bv  AV. 

4  N.  by  AV. 

2  X.  AV.  by  N. 

29 

G  S.  E.  by  S. 

7  S.  E.  by  S.    17  8.  E.  by  S. 

G  S.  E." 

fi  8.  by  E. 

:,  8.  by  E. 

30 

3  S.  by  W.        1  2  S.  by  W.        \  1  W.  by  N. 

1  AV.  by  N. 

2  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

orAv. 

31 

3  W.  N.  W.        2  W.  N.  W.      1  1  W.  N.  W. 

2S.  W.  byAV.    2  AV.  by  S. 

2  AV.  by  S. 

(about) 

DATS. 

2h. 

4U. 

6h- 

8li. 

lou. 

Midn't. 

1 

1  N.  W.  by  \V.    1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  AV.  byAV. 

]  N.AV.  byAV.    1  N.  AV.  by  AV. 

1  N.AV.  byAV 

2 

1  N.  W.  by  N. 

1  N.  W.  by  N. 

1  N.  AV.  by  N. 

1  N.  AV.  by  N.     1  N.  AV.  by  N. 

1  N.  AV.  by  X 

3 

3  W.  S.  W. 

3  W.  S.  W. 

■2  S.  AV.  by  S. 

2  S.  AV.  by  S. 

1  S,  AV.  by  a. 

2  S.  AV.  by  8. 

4 

3S. 

2S. 

4S. 

2S. 

3S. 

3  8. 

5 

6  W.  by  N. 

G  W.  by  N. 

7  AV.  by  N. 

8  AV.  by  N. 

8  iX.  AV. 

8  X.  AV. 

6 

3  S.  E. 

4  s.  ]•:. 

3  S.  E. 

2  N.  E.  by  N. 

2  H'ly 

4  E.  8.  E. 

7 

5  S.  S.  E. 

5  S.  S.  E. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

1  X.  E. 

8 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  AV. 

1  N.  AV. 

1  N.  AV. 

1  N.  AV. 

3  X.  W. 

9 

1  s.  v.. 

1  9.  E. 

1  S.  E. 

1  S.  E. 

1  N.  AV. 

1  N.  AV. 

10 

1  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  N.  AV. 

2  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

11 

2  N.  N.  W. 

3N. 

3N. 

3N. 

3N. 

4  X.  X.  E. 

12 

9  W.  N.  \V. 

9  AV.  N.  AV. 

9  \V.  N.  AV. 

9  AV.  N.  AV. 

8  AV.  N.  AV. 

6  AV.  X.  AV. 

13 

SN.W.byW. 

G  N.  AV.  by  AV. 

4N.  AV.  byAV. 

4  N.  AV.  by  AV. 

4  N.  AV.  by  AV. 

2  N.  AV.  by  AV. 

14 

1  S.  W. 

1  S.  AV. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

15 

1  W.  S.  W. 

1  \V.  S.  AV. 

1  AV.  S.  AV. 

1  AV.  S.  AV. 

1  AV.  8.  AV. 

1  AV.  8.  AV. 

1() 

IW. 

1  AV. 

3  N. 

3  N.  I-;. 

1  N.  E. 

1  X.  E. 

17 

1  W.  by  N. 

1  AV.  by  N. 

3  AV.  bv  N. 

3  AV.  by  N. 

2  AV.  by  N. 

2  AV. 

18 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  AV. 

]  N.  AV". 

1  N.  AV. 

1  AV.  by  S. 

1  AV.  by  S. 

19 

2W. 

Calm 

1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

20 

3  W.  S.  W. 

3  \V.  S.  AV. 

2  AV.  S.  AV. 

2  AV.  H.  AV. 

Calm 

Calm 

21 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 

I  AV.  .\.  AV. 

1  S.  \V. 

1  S.  AV. 

22 

4  S.  S.  E. 

4  S.  H.  E. 

G  8.  S.  E. 

r.  s.  s.  E. 

5  S.  8.  E. 

5  S.  S.  E. 

23 

4  S.  by  !•:. 

4  S.  by  E. 

3  S.  by  U. 

3  S.  by  E. 

2  8.  by  K. 

1  8.  by  E. 

24 

1  N.  by  J:. 

1  N.  by  E. 

2N. 

1  N. 

1  X. 

1  X. 

26 

3  N.  bv  E. 

3  N.  by  E. 

3  N.  by  E. 

3  N.  bv  E. 

4  N.  by  E. 

4  X.  by  E. 

26 

1  N.  by  W. 

1  N.  by  AV. 

2  .N.  by  AV. 

I  .\.  b>  AV. 

2X. 

3  X.  by  AV. 

27 

6  N.  W.  by  N. 

G  N.  AV.  by  N. 

7  N.  N.  AV. 

7  N.  iN.  AV. 

7  X.  X.  AV. 

S  X.  X.  AV. 

28* 

4  N.  i\.  W. 

5  i\.  N.  AV. 

G  N.  i\.  AV- 

4  i\. 

r>  8.  !•:.  bv  s. 

G  8.  E.  by  8. 

29 

4S. 

3S. 

3  8. 

3S.                    i 

3  S.  bv  AV. 

3  8.  by  AV. 

30 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  AV. 

2  W.  by  .N 

3  AV.  by  N. 

3  AV.  i.v  N. 

3  W. 

31 

2  W.  by  S. 

2  W.  N.  \V. 

2  AV. N.  AV. 

1  W.  N.  AV. 

1  \V.  X.  AV. 

1  W.  N.  AV. 

*  At  81i.  45m.  wind  veered  from  N.  by  E.  to  S.  E.  by  S. 

si 


■A- 


-I 


"Mi 


46 


UKCORD  AND   DISCUSSION 


Direction  (tiiue)  and  Forof.  of  the  Wind  oukeiived  on  hoard  the  yacht  Fox. 
January,  1858.— Mean  positiju:  Lat.  la'^.a  N.;  long.  63C'.7  ^\r. 


1 

2 
3 
4 

S 
(J 
7 
8 
!) 
10 
11 

i:i 

14 
15 
10 
17 
18 
1!) 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2a 
27 
28 
21) 
30 
31 


2h. 


2  W.  ly  N. 

3  \V.  liy  N. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

3  H.  by  W. 

5  H.  by  ].;. 

5  N.  l,v  W. 
8  N.  \V. 
7  N.  W. 
7  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

1  8.  by  K. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

2  S.  8.  \V. 

4  N.  K. 

5  N.  N.  W. 
4  N.  N.  W. 

2  W.  by  S. 
1  N.  by  E. 
4  K.  S.  K. 

7  N.  N.  W. 
1  N.  by  W. 

8  N.  N.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  by  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

6  W. 

1  S.  K.  by  S. 
1  S.  S.  E. 
1  E. 
1  S.  E. 


4h. 


1  W.  by  N. 
4  W.  by  N. 

4  N.  N.  VV. 

3  S.  by  W. 

5  H.  S.  E. 

4  N.  by  W. 
H  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

(i  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
1  H.  by  K. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

1  S.  8.  W. 

5  N.  E. 

5  N.  N.  AV. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

2  W.  by  S. 

2  N.  by  E. 
fi  !•:.  8.  E. 

5  N.  N.  W. 
1  N.  by  W. 
9  N.  N.  W. 

Calm 
4  N.  by  AV. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
7  \V. 

1  8.  E.  by  H. 
Calm 

1  E. 

2  8.  H. 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

e 

7 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
1« 
17 
IS 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


21.. 


1  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

n  N.  N.  W. 

2  S.  S.  AV. 
1  8.  by  \V. 
5  N.  AV. 

7  N.  AV. 
5  AV. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 

3  N.  N.  AV. 
1  .S. 

1  N.  E.  by  N. 

4  N.  AV. 

2  V 

2  n".  E.  by  N. 
(i  N.  N.  AV. 

5  N.  AV. 

1  N.  N.  AV. 
1  N.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  AV. 

1  N.  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  by  N. 
1  N.  by  AV. 

1  N.  N.  E. 

6  AV.  by  N. 

3  S.  by  E. 

2  S.  E.  by  S. 
1  K.  by  S. 

1  E.  8.  E. 

5  N.  by  \V. 


4li. 


611. 


1  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  by  N. 
4  N.  N.  AV. 

2  8.  by  E. 
«  8.  by  AV. 

4  N.  by  AV. 
7  i\.  AV. 

7  N.  AV. 

5  AV.  N.  AV. 
tj  N.  N.  AV. 

('aim 

Calm 
C  N.  N.  AA'. 
1  8.  8.  E. 
5  N.  K. 
(i  N.  N.  AV. 
4  N.  N.  AV. 

1  AV. 

2  N.  by  E. 
2E. 

8  N.  N.  AV. 
1  N.  by  E. 

9  AV.  N.  AV. 

1  8.  AV. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
4  AV.  by  N. 
<;  AV. 

1  8.  E.  bv  S. 

1  AV.  8.  AV. 

2  K.  by  S. 
1  E.  N.  E. 


8li. 


1  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  by  M. 
4  .\.  N.  W. 

2  8.  bv  K. 
4  S.  by  AV. 

6  N.  N.  AV. 

7  N.  AV. 
«  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 
6  N.  N.  AV. 

('aim 

Calm 
fi  N.  N.  \V. 

2  H.  S.  E, 

3  .\.  E.  bv  N. 
(i  .V.  N.  \V. 

4  iN.  N.  \V. 
Calm 

K.  X.  E. 

E. 

N.  N.  AV. 

N.  by  E. 

AV.  i\.  AV. 

1  8.  AV. 

2  N.  N.  E. 
ti  AV. 

4  AV.  by  S. 
1  S.  E.  by  8. 

1  8.  8.  E. 

2  E.  by  S. 
1  E.  N.  E. 


lOh. 


Cii. 


1  AV.  N.  AV. 

1  AV.  N.  AV. 

0  N.  AV. 

2  H.  AV. 

2  N'.  by  E. 

6  N.  AV. 

7  N.  AV. 
5  AV. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 
4  AV.  N.  AV. 

1  8. 

1  N.  N.  E. 

4  AV.  by  S. 

3  E. 

3  N.  E.  by  N 
(i  N.  AV.  by  N. 

5  X.  AV.  i 

1  -V.  N.  AV. 

2  N.  E.  by  E.    ' 

1  !•:,  N.  E.         I 
5  i\.  AV.  ! 

2  N.  N.  AV. 

2  AV.  bv  N.       I 
1  N.  by  E. 

1  N.  N.  E.         I 
()  AV.  by  N. 

3  S.  by  E. 

2  S.  8.  E. 
1  K.  by  S. 
1  E.  8.  E. 
5  N.  by  AV. 


2  AV.  N.  AV. 

2  N.  by  E. 

3  N.  AV. 

1  8.  by  AV. 

4  N.  by  E. 

0  N.  AV. 
G  N.  AV. 
(i  AV. 

4  N.  AV.  by  N. 
4  AV.  N.  AV. 

1  S. 

1  N.  by  E. 

4  S.  S.  AV. 
3  K. 

3  N.  E.  by  E. 
8  N.  AV.  by  N. 
(i  AV. 

1  N.  by  E. 
3  E.  by  N. 

2  i\.  N.  E. 

5  \V.  by  N. 
2  N.  N.  AV. 

2  AV.  by  N. 

3  N.  by  E. 

1  N. 

5  AV.  by  N. 
3  8.  S.  E. 

2  8.  8.  E. 
1  K  by  8. 
1  E.  8.  E. 

7  N.  by  AV. 


81.. 


4  N.  AV. 

2  N.  N.  AA'. 

3  N.  AV. 

1  8.  by  AV. 

3  N.  by  E. 
I!  N.  AV. 

(!  N.  AV. 

n  \V. 

6  N.  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 
1  R.  by  E. 

1  N.  bv  E. 
4  8.  S.'AV. 

4  !■;. 

3  N.  by  AV. 

4  AV.  N.  AV. 

5  AV. 

1  N.  by  E. 
4  E. 

3  N.  N.  K. 

4  N.  AV.  by  N. 
4  i\.  N.  AV. 

1  AV.  by  N. 
3  N.  AV. 

3  N. 
(1  AV. 

2  8.  S.  E. 

1  8.  8.  E. 

2  E.  by  S. 
1  8.  E. 

7  N.  by  AV. 


1  AV.  N.  AV. 

4  AV.  N'.  AV. 

.')  N.  N,  VV. 

1  8.  by  W. 

2  S.  by  AV. 
«  iN.  N.  AV. 
7  N.  AV. 

5  AV.  by  \. 

3  AV.  N,  W. 
5  N.  N.  AV. 

1  8.  S.  AV. 
('aim 

3iN.  'V, 

2  8. 

3  N.  i:.  by  N. 
(1  N.  N.  AV. 

3  N.  AV. 
1  AV. 

1  N.  N.  AV. 

2  E.  by  N. 
7  N.  \V. 

1  N.  N.  E. 
t!  AV. 
1  8.  AV. 
1  N.  N.  E. 
I!  AV.  by  N. 

3  AV.  8.  AV. 

1  8.  E.  by  S. 
1  !•;.  by  S. 
1  v..  8.  E. 
3  N.  by  AV. 


Noon. 


1  \V.  N.  AV. 
3  AV.  N.  AV. 

«  N.  N.  AV. 
1  8.  by  AV. 
1  a.  by  AV. 
i:  \.  N.  AV. 
7  N.  AV. 
r.  AV.  by  N. 
5  W.  N.  AV. 

0  N.  N.  W. 

1  8.  S.  AV. 

1  8.  E. 
3  N.  AV. 

2  H  S.  E. 

3  ,N.  K.  by  N. 
fi  N.  \V. 

4  N.  AV. 

1  N.  N.  AV. 

1  N.  E.  by  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  AV. 

1  N.  N.  E. 
(5  AV. 

1  N.  N.  E. 
1  N.  N.  E. 
(i  AV.  by  N. 

3  8.  AV.  by  AV, 
1  8.  E.  by  S. 

1  !•;.  by  N. 
1  li.  8.  E. 

4  N.  by  AV. 


10!>. 

2  N.  AV. 
2  N.  N.  AV. 
2  N.  AV. 

1  S.  by  AV. 

2  N".  by  E. 
7  N.  AV. 

C  N.  AV. 

5  AV. 

4  N.  N.  AV. 

4  \V.  N.  AV. 

1  8.  by  E. 

2  N.  by  AV. 

3  S.  8.  AV. 

3  N.  E. 

5  N.  by  AV. 

4  W.  N.  AV. 
4AV. 

1  >'.  by  E. 

4  E.  by  8. 

5  N. 

2  N.  AV.  by  N. 
5  N'.  N.  AV. 

1  AV.  S.  AV. 

3  N.  AV. 

3  N'.  N.  AV. 
(!  AV. 

2  8.  S.  E. 
1  8.  8.  E. 
1  K.  by  S. 
1  8.  E. 

7  N. 


Michi't. 


2  N.  AV. 

3  M.  N.  AV. 
2  8.  bv  AV. 
18.  :,.;  AA'. 

4  N.  by  E. 
7  N.  AV. 

G  N.  AV. 

5  AV. 

4  N.  N.  AV. 
4  AV.  N.  AV. 

1  8.  by  E. 

2  N.  by  AV. 

3  8.  8.  AV. 

4  N.  E. 

5  N.  N.  AV. 
4  AV.  by  N. 

2  AV. 

1  N.  by  E. 

4  E.  8.  E. 

7N. 

1  N.  AV.  by  N. 

(i  N.  N.  AV. 

1  AV.  by  N. 

3  N.  AV. 

3  N.  N.  AV. 

6  \V. 

1  8.  E.  by  S. 
1  .?.  8.  E. 
1  K.  by  8. 
1  8.  E. 
7N. 


iV«rlalluu 

91"  W. 
(about) 


90 


89 


89 


88 


8S 
87 
87 


87 


88 


"M 
W 


OP  TTIR   DIRECTION   AND   FORCE   OF   THE    WIND. 


47 


DlttECTIoN 

(TRUE)  AND  Force  of  the  Wind  ohhekved  on  doabd  the  yacht  Fox. 

February,  1868 

.—.Mean  position:  Lat.  1 1  . 

5  N.J  lon^,  fiOO.O  W. 

DJkTB, 

2h. 

4h. 

6h. 
8  N.  N.  \V. 

8h. 

lot.. 

Noou. 

Varlatlua. 

1 

9  N.  N.  W. 

9  N.  N.  W. 

6  N.  N.  W. 

B  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  X.  W. 

86="  W, 

2 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  \V. 

4  N.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 

3  N.  \V. 

85 

3 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

1  N.  \V. 

1  N.  W. 

KT) 

4 

2  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  .N.  W. 

2  N.  by  W. 

2  N,  by  E. 
Calm 

8h 

0 

Cnlm 

C.ilm 

1  N. 

1  N. 

Calm 

84 

0 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  by  E. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

1  .\.  N    iV'. 

7 

3  W.  by  N. 

2  \V.  by  N. 

2  N.  .N.  \V. 

3  \V. 

2  W. 

1  '■.. 

84 

8 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

2  N.  by  W. 

•:  .V. 

85 

9 

S    ■   ■•»,  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

3  .V.  I.y  W. 

1  3  N.  by  \V. 

3  .\.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  W. 
8  .N.  W,  by  N. 

4  S.  S.  E. 

85 

lit 

9  ,V.  J.  W. 

9  N.  N.  W. 

9  N.  .N.  \V. 

9  N.  N.  \V. 

'^  .N.  N.  W. 

85 

1 

1  >■:.  i.y  7. 

4  S.  E.  by  H. 

6  S.  by  E. 

fl  H.  H.  E. 

fl  S.  S.  E. 

:2 

7N.  W,  '.vN. 

8  N.  \V.  by  N. 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 

4  .\.  W.  by  N. 

3  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  by  S. 

3  N.  by  W. 
li  N.  by  W. 

4  .N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 
4N. 

13 

4  N.  N.  \' 

4  N.  by  W. 

2  N.  by  W. 

1  3  N.  by  W. 

3  N.  by  \V. 

84 

*4 

7N.  byV.. 

7  N.  by  W. 

7  N.  by  W. 

7  N.  by  \V. 

1!  N.  by  W. 

1<. 

8  N. 

8  N. 

7N. 

li  .\.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 

83 

la 

;  >;. :;;  w. 

(i  N.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  W. 

C  N.  by  V 

li  N.  by  W. 

17 

N.  by  W. 

9  N.  by  \V. 

5  N.  bv  W. 

3N. 

4  N. 

82 

18 

U  N.  N.  W. 

6  N.  N.  W. 

0  N.  by  W. 

«  N.  by  W. 

0  N.  by  W. 

fl  N. 

19 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W  . 

8  N.  W. 

7  X.  W. 

fl  N.  W.  by  N. 

4  N.  W.  by  N. 

5  N.  N.  W. 

82 

20 

1  S.  \V.  by  S. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  \V. 

21 

6  N.  \V.  by  W. 

6  N.  W.  by  W. 

(i  N.W.  byW. 

5  .\.  W.  by  W. 

4  N.  \V.  bv  W. 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 
1  N.  E.  bv  N. 

7  N.  l>y  W. 

9  N.  W.  by  N. 

8  N.  W.  by  \V. 

22 

1  S.  W. 

1  W.  by  H. 

Calm 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  by  W. 

23 

7  N.  N.  E. 

7  N.  N.  E. 

7N. 

7N.          ' 

7  N.  by  W. 

81 

24 

7  N.  by  W. 

7  N.  \V.  by  N. 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 

9  N'.  \V.  by  N. 

9  N.  N.  W. 

25 

10  N.  W.  by  N. 

10  N.  W.  by  N. 

10  \.  W.  byW. 

9  y.  W.  bv  W. 

9  N.  W.  by  W. 

26 

(;  N.  W.  by  W. 

.1  N.  W.  by  W. 

:>  .N.  W.  byW. 

3  N.  W.  by  \V. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

27 

3  S.  by  K. 

2  S.  by  E. 

2  a.  by  E. 

2  S.  by  E. 

2  S.  by  E. 

2  S.  by  E. 
4  S.  S.  E. 

23 

7  S.  K.  by  S. 

9  S.  E.  by  3. 

9  S.  E.  by  S. 

S  S.  E.  by  E. 

5  S.  S.  E. 

78  ab't 

DATS. 

2h. 

4h. 

6h. 

8h. 

101.. 

Miilu't. 

1 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

2 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

(i  N.  \V. 

6  N.  W. 

fl  y.  w. 

fl  N.  W. 

3 

1  S.  W. 

2  S.  W. 

2  8.  W. 

2  S.  W. 

1  s.  w. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

4 

2  N.  by  E. 

2  N.  by  E. 

1  N.  by  E. 

1  N.  by  E. 

1  X.  by  W. 

Calm 

6 

1  B.  by  E. 

1  S.  by  E. 

1  S.  by  E. 

1  S.  bv  E. 

1  S.  by  E. 

Calm 

fl 

1  W. 

2  W. 

4  W.  by  N. 

3  W.  by  N. 

4  W.  by  N. 

3  W.  by  N. 
Calm 

7 

1  W. 

2  VV. 

1  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

» 

1  N.  E. 

IN.  E, 

1  N. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

9 

6  ^f.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  W. 

li  N.  by  W. 

9  N.  W. 

9  N.  N.  \V. 

9  N.  N.  \V. 

10 

^  N.  W.  by  N. 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 

8  i\.  W.  by  N. 

S  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  by  W. 

2  N.  by  E. 
7  N.  by  W. 
4  N.  X.  W. 

11 

■J  S.  by  E. 

1  S.  by  E. 

Calm 

4  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  \V. 

12 

1  W.  by  S. 

3  W.  by  S. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

13 

3  N.  by  W. 

3  N.  by  W. 

3  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  W. 

6  X.  by  W. 
(i  X. 

14 

7  N.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  W. 

6N. 

11  N. 

6  X. 

15 

4  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  \V. 

11  N.  bv  W. 

16 

6  N.  by  E. 

6  N.  by  E. 

5  N.  by  E. 

(i  N. 

5N. 

7  X.  N.  \V. 

17 

4N. 

5  N.  by  \V. 

5  N.  by  W. 

fl  N.  by  W. 

fl  N.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  E. 

18 

5  N. 

fl  N. 

6N. 

6  N. 

6  N.  N.  \U. 

7  N.  W.  by  W. 
1  S.  W.  by  S. 
6  N.  W.  by  W. 
Calm 

19 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  W. 

4W. 

3  S.  W.  by  3. 

20 

7  N.  N.  W. 

7  N.  N.  W. 

6  N.  N.  W. 

li  N.  W.  by  W. 

6  M.  W.  by  W. 

21 

3  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

1  N.  W.  bv  \V. 

Calm             1 

(!alm 

22 

1  N.  E.  by  N. 

2  N.  E.  by  N. 

3  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  N.  E.        1 

B  N.  N.  E. 

7  N.  X.  E. 

23 

6  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  W.  by  N. 

6  N.  W.  by  N. 

li  N.  by  W. 

7  X.  by  W. 

24 

9  N.  N.  W. 

9  N.  W.  by  N. 

9  N.  W.  by  N. 

10  N.  N.  W. 

10  N.  N.  W. 

10  N.  N.  \V. 

26 

7  N.  W.  by  W. 

6  N.  W.  by  W. 

7  N.  W.  by  \V. 

11  N.  W.  byW. 

7  N.  W.  by  W. 

7  X.  \V.  by  W. 

26 

Calm 

1  S.  H.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by"E. 

2  S.  by  W.       j 

2  S.  by  E. 

3  S.  by  E. 
6  S.  E.  by  S. 
1  N.  E.  by  E. 

27 

2  E.  S.  E. 

3  N.  E.  by  E. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

4  S.  bv  W. 

4  S.  by  E. 

28 

2  S.  E.  by  S. 

1  N.  by  W. 

1  N.  E.  by  N. 

1  N.  li,  by  E. 

1  N.  E.  by  E. 

• 

■I 

> 


h4 


48 


RECORD   AXD   DISCUSSION 


Direction  (tkue)  and  Force  of  the  ^\'JND  ouserved  on  board  tue  yacht  Fox. 
March,  1858 — Mean  position:  Lat.  C9=.4  X.;  long.  SQO.l  W. 


DATE. 
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

C, 

7 

8 

0 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
It) 
17 
18 
ID 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 

'z:> 

2(i 
27 
28 
2!t 
30 
31 


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2  N.  v..  by  K. 
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1  W.  by  N. 

10  s.  s.  w. 
1  s. 

1  S.  W.  l.y  W 

1  N.  \V.  by  JS'. 

6  N.  by  W. 
2N. 

2  N.  K.  by  N. 

3  S.  !•;.  by  E. 

4  S.  S.  ]■:. 

2  !■;.  by  S. 

3  \V. 

4  N.  W.  by  X. 

7  N.  W.  bv  .\. 
4  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  N.  by  \V. 
6  N. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

2  >-.  W.  by  N. 

1  N.  !•:.  by  ].;. 
10  S.  i;.  by  K. 

(!  N.  W.  by  N. 

6  X.  by  W. 

8  N.  W.  by  X. 
8  N.  X.  W. 

G  X.  X.  \V. 

4  X.  X.  W. 

2  X.  K.  bv  K. 

7  X.  by  W.      j 


41,. 


6li. 


3  X.  K.  by  E. 
7  S.  by  E. 

1  W.  by  N. 
n  S.  S.  W. 
3S. 

,    2  W.  S.  W. 
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I  «  N.  by  W. 

2  X.  X.  E. 

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3  S.  E.  by  ]■;. 
fj  S.  S.  E. 

i  5  S.  by  E. 
:  3  W. 

4  X.  W.  by  N. 
(i  X.  W.  liy  W. 
4  X.  W.  by  W. 

!  2  X.  bv  W. 

7  X.  by  W. 
!   2  X.  by  E. 

2  X.  W.  bv  X. 

1  N.  !•:.  by  E. 
10  S.  E.  by  E. 

(i  X.  W.  bv  X. 
(i  X.  bv  \V'. 

8  X.  W.  by  X. 
8  X.  X.  W. 

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4  X.  X.  W.       I 

2  X.  E.  by  E. 
7  N.  W.  by  X. 


2  X.  E.  by  E. 
«  S.  bv  E. 

1  S.  W.  by  V/. 
9  S.  by  W. 

1  S.  W.  hy  W. 

4  X.  W.  „y  X. 

3  X.  X.  \V. 

5  X.  by  W. 

2  X.  X.  i;. 

S  y.  E.  by  S. 
(J  S.  E.  by  E. 

2  E.  by  H. 
■'■)  S.  S.  E. 

3  W.  by  X. 

4  X.  W.  bv  X. 
II  X.  W.  byW. 
4  X.  X.  W.        1 
2  X.  I,y  W. 

(i  X.  W.  by  X. 
1  X.  E.  by  E. 
1  X. 

1  E.  by  S. 

7  S.  E.  by  ,S. 
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8  X.  X.  W. 
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6  X.  X.  W. 
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2  E.  by  N. 

«  N.  W.  by  N. 


all. 


1  X.  E.  by  E. 

2  S.  W.  by  S. 
1  .S.  W. 

8  S.  bv  W. 
1  S.  W.  by  W. 

3  X.  W. 

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1  X.  ]■:.  by  E. 
(i  S.  E.  by  S. 

5  S.  E.  by  E. 

2  E.  by  S. 
4  S.  S.  E. 

4  W.  X.  W. 

5  X.  W.  by  X. 
4  X.  W.  by  W. 
4  X.  N.  W. 
2X. 

U  X.  W.  by  N. 

1  E.  H.  E. 

1  X.  ]■;.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  S. 

r,  S. 

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7X. 

8  X.  W.  by  N. 

7  X.  X.  W. 

.'■)  X.  X.  w. 

4  X.  X.  W. 
2E. 

5  N.  W.  by  X. 


W'- 


2  X.  E.  by  E. 

2  S.  bv  W. 
1  X.  by  W. 

8  S.  W.  bv  S. 
1  S.  W.  hy  W, 

3  X.  W. 
4X. 

4  X.  by  W. 

1  E.  S.  E. 
fl  E.  S.  E. 

5  S.  E.  by  E. 

2  E.  by  S. 

3  S.  S.  W. 

3  W.  X.  W. 

5  X.  W.  by  X 

4  X.  W.  by  W. 
3  X.  X.  W. 
3X. 

5  X.  W.  by  X. 
1  X.  E.  by  E. 

1  X.  E.  by  E. 

3  E.  by  a. 

2  H.  W.  by  W. 
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8  X. 

8  X.  W.  by  N. 

7  X.  X.  W. 

4  X.  X.  W. 

4  X.  W.  by  N. 
2  E. 

5  X.  X.  W. 


Noon. 


2  N.  E.  by  E. 
1  S.  W.  by  S. 
1  X.  by  W. 

7  S.  W.  by  S. 

1  S.  W.  by  W, 

3  X.  W. 
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3  E.  S.  E. 

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3  N.  W.  by  N. 

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1  X.  E.  by  E. 
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ti  X.  by  E. 

8  N. 

8  X.  W.  by  X. 
7  X.  X.  W. 

3  N.  X.  W. 

4  X.  W.  bv  N. 
2S.  E.  bv  E. 

5  W.  X.  W. 


78°  W. 
76 


77  30' 


(about) 


(about) 

74 
(about) 


41.. 


61.. 


81.. 


1 

2  E.  bv  X. 

2 

1  X.  W.  by  W. 

3 

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6 

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10 

3  !•;.  P.  i;. 

11 

4  S.  E.  bv  S. 

12 

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13 

2  S. 

14 

4  X.  W.  bv  X. 

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7  X.  W.  l.y  X. 

ID 

3  W.  by  X. 

17 

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26 

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27 

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3  N.  W.  i  ,X. 

30 

2  S.  E.  by  E. 

31 

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1  X.  W.  byW 

3  X.  !•:.  bv  X. 

2  S.  W.  by  H. 

4  S.  \V.  by  W- 

3  X.  W.  by  X. 

5  N. 

4  X.  by  W. 

2  X.  X.  E. 
4  E.  by  X. 

3  S.  E.  bv  S. 
r>  S.  by  E. 

2  S. 

3  X.  W.  bv  X. 

7  X.  W.  bv  X. 

2  W.  l.y  X. 

3  X.  X.  W. 
*  X. 

4  X.  W.  by  N. 
1  X.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  S. 
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(i  X. 
it  X. 

8  X.  N.  W- 
7  X.  X.  AV 
3  X.  X.  V, 

2  N.  W.  by  N. 
2  X.  X.  E. 

f)  W.  by  N. 


li  E.  by  X. 

3  X.  W.  l.y  X. 

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3  S.  I.;."  by  S. 
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3S. 

4  X.  AA^  by  X. 
7  X.  AV.  by  X. 
3  X.  AV.  by  X. 

by  W. 


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3  X. 
2  X. 

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by  X. 


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X.  AV. 

X.  AV . 

X.  AV. 

AV.  by  N. 


s  x 
7  X 
3  N, 
2  '■ 


5  vV.  N.  AV. 


!   (1  a.  E.  l.y  S. 
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7  X.  E.  bv  X. 
:  2  S.  AV.  by  S. 
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3  X.  AV.  by  X. 

4  X.  by  AV. 

1  X.  X.  AV. 

2  X.  X.  E. 

2  !•:.  l.y  X. 

4  S.  E.  by  S. 

3  S.  AV.  bv  AV. 

2  AV.  by  X. 

3  X.  AV.  by  X. 
7  X.  AV.  by  X. 
3  X.  AV.  bv  X. 

3  X.  by  AV. 
4X. 

2  X.  W.  by  N. 
2  X.  X.  E. 

1  E.  by  X. 

7  E.  bv  a. 

4  AV.  by  X. 
r>  X.  by  AV. 

i)  N.  AV.  by  X. 

8  X.  X.  AV. 
7  X.  X.  AV. 
4  X.  X.  AV. 

2  X. 

t;  X.  by  AV. 
2  W.  N.  AV. 


lOii- 


«R. 

V 

E. 

3  W 

.  by  ,S. 

1)  X 

E. 

by  X. 

C: 

Im 

1  AA 

.  X 

AV. 

2  X 

AV 

by  X. 

;<  X 

^y 

AV. 

!!  N 

2X 

X. 

E. 

3  !•:. 

bv 

X. 

4S. 

E. 

hyS. 

2S. 

\V. 

2AV 

•  by  X. 

3  X. 

AV 

l.y  X. 

7X. 

AV 

by  X. 

.-■.  X. 

AV 

by  AV. 

3  X. 

by  AV. 

6  X. 

2X. 

W. 

byN. 

2X. 

X. 

E. 

Calm 

8S. 

E. 

IV  E. 

4AV 

.  X. 

AV. 

r>  X. 

bv 

AV. 

UN. 

\V. 

by  X. 

8  X. 

N. 

AV. 

7  X. 

X. 

AV. 

4X. 

X. 

AV. 

2X. 

7N. 

byAV. 

2  W 

X. 

AV. 

Midn't. 

«  S.  by  E. 

2  \V.  by  S. 

i»  X.  E.  l.y  E. 
1  S.  l.y  E. 
1  X.  AV.  by  AV 
1  X.  AV.  bv  X. 

6  X.  by  W. 

3  X. 

1  X.  N.  E. 

2  E. 

4  S.  S.  E. 
2  S.  S.  AV. 

2  AV.  by  X. 

3  X.  AV.  by  X. 

7  X.  AV.  by  AV. 

4  X.  AV.  byAV. 

3  X.  l.y  AV. 

5  N. 

2  X.  AV.  by  N. 
2  X.  X.  E. 

1  E. 

1)  S.  E.  by  E. 

6  AV.  X.  \V. 
0  X.  bv  AV. 

8  X.  AV.  bv  N. 
8  X.  X.  AV. 

(i  X.  N.  AV. 

4  N.  X.  AV. 

2  X.  E.  bv  N. 
(i  X.  by  \V. 

2  AV.  by  X. 


March  4tb.  AViii.l  shifted  from  X.  E.  by  E.  tlirough  E.  to  S.  a.  AV.  betwoon  midnight  a..  1  1  A. 


OF  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND. 


49 


DlllECTION 

(true)  and  Force  of  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacht  Fox. 

April,  1858- 

-Mean  position :  Lat.  66°  N 

;  long.  5t°.7  W. 

DATB. 

2li. 

4h. 

6h. 

8h. 

101.. 

Noou. 

Varlatloii. 

1 

2 

2  W.  by  N. 

3  W.  by  N. 

4  S.  W.  by  W. 

2  S.  W.  by  W. 

1  S.  W.  by  \V. 

1  S.  VV.  by  VV. 

74°VV.* 

3  N.  E.  by  N. 

2  N.  E.  by  N. 

1  iN.  E.  by  E. 

1  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

73   31' 

3 

(i  N. 

6  K. 

CN. 

7N. 

7  N. 

8  N. 

4 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  \V. 

6 

10  N.  by  \V. 

8  N.  by  W. 

8  :,    by  W. 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 

8  :N.  W.  by  N. 

8  N.  VV.  bv  N. 

B 
7 

0  N.  W.  by  W. 

3  N.  E.  by  N. 

5  N.  W.  by  \V. 
2  N.  E.  by  E. 

5.,.  \V.  byW. 
3N. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
3N. 

3  W.  by  8. 
2N. 

3  VV.  by  S. 

4  N. 

72 

8 

6  N.  N.  W. 

6  N.  N.  W. 

7  N.  W.  by  W. 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 

8  N.  VV.  by  N. 

9 

2  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

3  ?f.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  V\^. 

70    01) 

10 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N,  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  VV. 

11 

3  N. 

3N. 

3N. 

2N. 

2  N.  by  E. 

2  N.  N.  VV. 

12 

4  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  N.  \V. 

5N. 

4N.    ^ 

4  N. 

69   14 

13 

2  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

6  N.  N.  E. 

6  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

14 

2  N.  by  E. 

3N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

2N.  E. 

4  N.  E. 

4  N.  E.  by  E. 

5  N.  by  VV. 
8  N.  by  VV. 

15 
18 

2  N. 

7  N.  by  W. 

3  N. 

7  N.  by  W. 

4N. 

7  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  E. 
7  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 
8  N.  by  VV. 

69 

17 

18 

9  N.  by  E. 

9  N.  by  E. 
7  N.  E. 

9  N.  by  E. 

9  N.  by  E. 

7  N. 

9  N.  by  E. 

9  N.  by  E. 

8  N. 

19 

7N. 

.... 

6N. 

.... 

(i  N. 

20 

-  -  -  - 

5  N.  N.  W. 

.... 

5  N.  N.  W. 

-  -  -  . 

5  N.  VV. 

64 

21 

.... 

4  N.  N.  W. 

.... 

5  N.  N.  W. 

.... 

5  N.  N.  VV. 

22t 

G  N.  N.  W. 

.... 

4  N.  N.  W. 

_ 

3  N.  N.  VV. 

23 
24 

-  -  -  - 

3  N.  N.  \V. 

.... 

2  N.  W.  by  W. 

.... 

2  N.  VV. 

62 

-  -  -  - 

2  E.  N.  K. 

.... 

4  E.  S.  E. 



5  E.  S.  E. 

25 

.... 

4  H.  S.  W. 

.... 

Calm 

.... 

3  N.  N.  VV. 

2() 

.... 

5  W.  S.  W. 

.  .  - . 

6  S.  by  W. 

.... 

6  S.  by  VV. 

27 

.... 

5  W.  S.  W. 

.... 

5  W. 



5  VV.  N.  VV. 

65 

28 

.... 

5  vv.  a.  w. 

.... 

5  S.  S.  E. 

_ . 

4  S,  B.  E. 

68 

2!) 

.... 

3  E.  N.  E. 

.... 

1  E.  S.  E. 

.... 

Calm 

30 

2  E.  N.  E. 

.... 

3  S.  S.  W. 

.... 

3  E.  N.  E. 

DATE. 

21.. 

4h. 

6li. 

8h. 

lOh. 

Midn't. 

1 

2  W.  by  S. 

2  W.  by  S. 

2  W.  by  S. 

1  W.  by  S. 

Calm 

1  N.  E.  by  N. 

5  N.  by  E. 
10  N.  by  W. 
10  N.  b"y  VV. 

2 

3  N.  N.  E. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

4  N.  by  E. 

4  N.  by  E. 

3 

7  N.  by  W. 

7  N.  by  W. 

8  N.  by  W. 

9  N.  by  W. 

9  N.  by  VV. 

4 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  W. 

10  N.  by  VV. 

6 
6 

7  N.  W.  by  N. 
2  W.  by  S. 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 
Calm 

7  N.  W.  by  N. 
Calm 

(i  N.  W.  by  \V. 
Calm 

7  N.  VV.  by  VV. 
Calm 

C,  N.  VV.  by  VV. 
1  N.  E.  by  N. 

7 

4  N. 

5  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  VV. 

(i  N.  N.  VV. 

8 

8  N.  W.  by  N. 

7  N.  W.  by  N. 

3  N.  W.  by  N. 

3  N.  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  VV.  by  N. 

2  N.  VV.  by  N. 

9 

4  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  VV. 

4  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  VV. 

10 

4  N.  by  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

3  N. 

2  N. 

3N. 

3  N. 

11 

1  N.  W.  liy  W. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  VV. 

12 

3  N. 

2  N. 

3N. 

3  N. 

2  N.  by  VV. 

2  N.  by  VV. 

13 

2  N.  N.  E. 

1  N.  E.  by  N. 

1  E.  by  N. 

1  N.  by  E. 

1  N.  by  E. 

1  N.  by  E. 

14 

6  E.  by  N. 

4  E.  by  N. 

3  E.  by  N. 

3  N.  E.  by  E. 

3  N.  E.  by  E. 

2  N.  by  VV. 

15 
18 

5  N.  by  \V. 

5  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  by  W. 

6  N.  by  W. 

(i  N.  by  VV. 

7  N.  by  VV. 

9  N. 

9N. 

9  N.  by  E. 

9  N.  by  E. 

9  N.  by  E. 

9  N.  by  E. 

17 

18 

9  N. 

9N. 

8  N. 

8  N.  by  E. 

8  N.  by  E. 

8N. 

7  N.  by  E. 

7  N.  by  E. 

7N. 

19 

.... 

(i  N.  W.  by  N. 

.... 

6  N.  by  E. 

.... 

5  N.  by  E. 

20 

.... 

5  N.  W. 

.... 

6  N.  W. 

-  -  -  . 

5  N.  VV. 

21 

.... 

6  N,  N.  W. 

.... 

7  N.  N.  W. 

.... 

G  N.  N.  VV. 

22 

.... 

3  N.  W.  by  N. 

.... 

2  N.  N.  W. 

.... 

2  N.  N.  VV. 

23 

.... 

2  N.  W. 

.... 

2  N.  N.  W. 

.... 

Calm 

24 

.... 

(J  E.  S.  E. 

.... 

«  E.  S.  E. 

.  . 

(i  E.  S.  E. 

25 

.... 

4  N.  W. 

.... 

4  W.  S.  W. 

_ 

4  VV.  S.  W. 

26 

.... 

5  S.  by  W. 

.... 

5  W.  S.  W. 

.... 

G  VV.  S.  VV. 

27 

.... 

3  \V.  S.  W. 

.... 

fl  W.  S.  W. 

.... 

11  VV.  s.  VV. 

28 

.... 

2var. 

.... 

3  W. 

.... 

4  E.  N.  E. 

2i) 

.... 

a  E.  N.  E. 

.... 

2  E.  N.  E. 

.... 

2  E.  N.  E. 

30 

.  —  . 

2  S.  S.  E. 

....          1 

4  S.  by  E. 



ti  S.  E. 

»  A 

bont. 

1   Ejcju'rimi 

fxnl  a  S.  VV.  oun 

ent. 

■.    r   ■' 


+■=^1 


Ivl 


•Alt 

V  ■ 


■i':  i 


50 


RECORD   AND   DISCUSSION 


Direction  (true)  and  Force  of  the  Wind  observed  on  hoard  the  yacut  Fox. 
May,  1858.— Mean  position:  Lat.  68o.7  N. ;  Long.  530.7  W. 


1 
2 

3 
4 

S 

(i 

7 

8 

9 

1(1 

U 

12 

13 

1 

15 
]() 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2tJ 
27 
2S 
29 
30 
31 


41.. 


7S. 

3  K.  N.  E. 
2  K.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 
8  S.  by  E. 
6  N.  N.  W. 
4N. 

2  S.  S.  W. 
3E'ly 

2  to  .'')  E.  N.  E. 
«  y.  E.  by  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 
6  N. 

2S. 

2  S.  S.  E. 

3  N.  N.  W. 
2E. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

5  S.  S.  E. 
Calms  and 
Calm 

5  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 
1  SMy 

Calm 

4  S,  E. 

3  S.  S.  E. 
1  W.  S.  W. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

1  N.  W.  by  W. 

4  S.  S.  E. 


8lu 


2S. 

Calm 
4  E.  i\.  E. 
(j  S.  S.  E. 
8  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 
3N.E. 
2E. 
4N'ly 

5  E. 

5  S.  E. 
3  X.  N.  W. 
5  ^■.  E.  by  1 
Calm 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

2  K.  S.  E. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

2  S.  S.  E. 
light  variable 

3  E.  >'.  E. 
f)  E. 

5  K.  .\.  E. 

6  S.  S.  E. 
2  S.  W. 

4  S.  E. 

2  S.  E. 

3  S.  E. 
2  S,  S.  E. 

Calm 

4  S.  S,  E. 


Noon. 

4  S.  S.  E. 
3  S.  S.  W. 
4N.  E. 

8  .S.  S.  E. 

9  N.  W.  by  W 
3  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  E. 

UN.  « 

2  N.  N.  W. 
6  !•;.  by  S. 
ij  E.  M.  E. 

4  S.  S.  E. 

5  N,  E.  by  N. 
2  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 
-     V.  byN. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  VV. 
Calm 
winila 

2  E.  X.  E. 

5  E. 
4  K.  X.  E. 

3  S.  S.  E. 
Calm 

2  E.  S.  E. 
Calm 

4  Vaiiablo 
1  S.  S.  E. 

Calm 

5  S. 


4h. 


8l>. 


4  S.  S.  W. 
4  N.  E. 

3  i\.  E. 

8  S.  S.  E. 

9  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 
4  N.  N.  W. 
4  N.  N.  W. 
2  Variable 
7  E. 

«  E'ly 

4  S.  S.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

2  N.  by  E. 

Calm 
4  W.  N.  W. 
2  W.  S.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  S.  W. 

2  W.  S.  W. 

4  ]■;.  N.  E. 
2  W.  S  W. 

Calm 
2  S.  E. 
2  S.  a.  E. 
4  N.  N.  \V. 

Calm 
1  E.  H.  E. 

1  N.  W. 

2  S.  S.  W. 


4  W.  S.  W. 
4  E.  N.  E. 

2  K.  N.  E. 
8  S.  8.  E. 
8  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

3  N. 

2  E.  S.  E. 
7  E. 

5  E.  S.  E. 

4  S.  bv  W. 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

4  W.  N.  W. 
Calm 

1  W.  N.  W. 
3  W.  S.  W. 

2  W.  3.  W. 
1  E.  S.  K 

1  W.  S.  W. 
Calm 

2  S.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 
Calm 
Calm 

3  S'ly 
2  N.  E. 


Mkln't. 


4  W.  S.  W. 

5  X.  by  E. 

2  li.  X.  E. 
8  S.  by  E. 
5  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  E. 
4K. 

3  N'ly 

4  Vari.able 
(i  K.  S.  E. 
4  S.  E. 

4  S   by  W. 

Calm 
2  S.  by  W. 
1  W.  S.  W. 
4  W.  S.  ^V. 
4  E.  N'.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 
1  W.  S. 

Calm 
1  \V.  S. 

Calm 
2S.  E. 
1  N.  N,  W. 

Calm 
1  E.  N.  E. 

1  N.  W. 

2  81y 
Calm 


70°  W. 
72 
(about) 


W. 


.  VV. 


73  (ab't) 

7'i  3:v 
79 


June,  1858.— Mean  position:  Lat.  740.6  N. ;  Long.  GO'^.l  W. 


4h. 


8h- 


1 

1  .N.  W. 

2 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3 

4  H.  by  E. 

4 

1  N.  W.  by  N. 

.') 

5  S.  K.  by  S. 

(i 

4  N'.  N.  E. 

7 

3  N".  W.  by  N. 

8 

Calm 

9 

Calm 

10 

1  S.  W. 

11 

1  S.  E. 

12 

Calm 

13 

6  N.  N.  W. 

14 

3  N.  W. 

15 

1  N'ly 

l(i 

4  \V.  N.  W. 

17 

5  S.  E. 

18 

1  E.  by  S. 

19 

2  N.  W.  by  VV. 

20 

2  N.  by  E. 

21 

Calm 

22 

3  N,  N.  VV. 

23 

1  N.  E. 

24 

3  N.  E. 

25 

3  N.  N.  VV. 

2« 

Calm 

27 

6  E'ly 

2'.' 

4  E.  S.  E. 

29 

I  S.  E. 

30     i 

5  E.  bv  S. 

1  N 

VV. 

2  N 

VV. 

(is. 

bv  E. 

3  N 
4S. 
3N 

VV.  by  N 
K.  bv  S. 
VV.  hv  N 

1  S. 

E.  li       . 

1  N.  E.  by  E. 
Calm 

Calm 

1  N 

3  VV 
5  N. 
3.\. 

.  by  S. 
VV.  by  N. 
N.  VV. 

1  N' 
4  N. 

\V. 

4E. 

S.  E. 

1  N. 

E. 

2N. 

VV. 

2  N. 

VV. 

2  N. 

VV. 

3  >'. 
4iN. 

VV.  by  i\. 
E. 

4  K. 

2N. 

N.  VV. 

2  N.  by  VV. 
6  E'ly 

2  s.  !•;. 

1  S. 

S. 

3  H. 

by  S. 

Noon. 

4h. 

8h. 

Midu't. 

Variation 

2  S.  S.  VV. 

1  N.  N.  VV. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

Calm 

2  S.  VV.  by  S. 

(>  H.  by  VV. 

1  S.  VV.  by  S. 

Calm 

1  .\.  VV.  by  N. 

4  N.  VV.  by  VV. 

Calia 

7  S.  E.  by  S. 

7  8.  1;.  by  8. 

3  S.  E.  by  S. 

Calm 

4  X. 

1  X. 

S3"  VV. 

3  S.  VV.  by  S. 

3  N.  E. 

2N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

2  S.  E.  by  S. 

Calm 

Calm 

84 

3  N.  VV.  by  N. 

1  N.  VV.  by  N. 

Calm 

1  N.  N.  K. 

85 

Calm 

1  S.  E.      ' 

Calm 

1  S. 

1  S.  VV. 

Calm 

1  S.  VV. 

1  8.  VV. 

1  S.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  VV. 

85 

3VV. 

2  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  VV. 

5  N.  N.  VV. 

(about) 

4  N.  by  W. 

4  N.  by  VV. 

4  N.  VV.  by  N. 

4  N.  VV.  by  N, 

2  N.  iV.  VV. 

1  .N. 

1  N.  by  li. 

2  N.  by  E. 

3  N.  VV. 

4  VV. 

4  VV.  N.  VV. 

3  VV.  N.  VV. 

4  N.  VV. 

3  VV.  by  .N. 

2  H.  VV. 

2  8.  li. 

89 

3  K.  S.  E. 

2  S.  E. 

2  E.  by  8. 

1  li.  by  8. 

90 

2  VV.  N.  VV. 

2  Variable 

Calm 

Calm 

90  (ab't) 

3  N.  VV. 

3  N.  VV. 

2  VV.  8.  VV. 

2  8.  VV. 

93 

4  VV.  N.  VV. 

3  VV.  N.  VV. 

1  i\.  VV. 

1  8. 

(about) 

3  N.  by  VV. 

4  VV.  N.  VV. 

3  N.  N.  VV. 

3  N.  N.  VV. 

3  VV.  N.  VV. 

)  S.  E. 

Calm 

2  X.  by  li. 

93 

5  S.  E. 

3  !■;. 

4  E.  by  N. 

3  li. 

(about) 

3  K.  by  N. 

2  N.  by  E. 

2  iN.  by  K. 

2  .V.  by  E, 

91 

2  N.  E. 

2  E.  by  S. 

2  li.  N.  E. 

1  li.  by  S. 

1  iN.  N.  \V. 

3  N.  VV. 

3  N.  VV. 

2  N.  E. 

94 

(i  K.  by  S. 

2  S.  K.              ! 

ft  E.  by  S. 
2  S.  K. 

6  li.  by  S. 

1  8.  li.               ' 

5  K.  li. 

2  8.  K.               j 

(about) 

2  S.  E. 

3  E.  by  S. 

5  E.  bv  8. 

;i  li.  by  8.         ■ 

3  S.  ]•;.  by  E. 

1  P.  !•;.  by  E. 

2  N.  VV.  by  VV. 

2  X.  VV.  by  VV. 

i)ri 

OP  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE   OP  THE  WIND. 


51 


Direction  (laui;)  and  Force  op  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacht  Fox. 

July,  1858.— Mean  position:  Lat,  li^.i  N.;  long.  160.4  W. 

HATE. 

41.. 

8h- 

Neon. 

41'. 

8l.- 

1 

4  VV.  S.  VV. 

Mifln't. 

Varia- 
tion. 

RKMAHKR. 

1 

1  N.W.l.yVV 

Calm 

I  ,S.  E. 

1  E.  by  S. 

B  W.  S.  VV. 

g.B^ 

2 

4  .S.  S.  W. 

;  3  \v.  s.  VV. 

(-'aim 

2  S.  E. 

4  fe.  E. 

4  S.  E'ly 

VV. 

a 

1  S.  K. 

1  N.  VV. 

2  N.  VV. 

Calm 

1  VV. 

1  S.  VV. 

9S 

(SlIlMllt) 

4 

Calm 

(.'.aim 

2  N.W.byW 

3N. 

3  N. 

2  N.  E. 

a 

4  N.  E.  Iiy  N 

4  E.  N.  E. 

.->  N. 

4  S.  E.  by  -■;. 

B  N.  E. 

4  N.  )•:. 

« 

6  K. 

6  E.  by  S. 

t!  E.  S.  E. 

6  N.E.  byN. 

4  N.  K.  bv  E 

3  N.  by  E. 

100 

7 

4  N.  by  E. 

4  N.  N.  VV. 

3  Y. 

3N. 

4N. 

.-;  N.  N.  VV. 

I 

8 

4  N.W.by  W 

'  4  N.W.byW 

';;  N.W.byW 

3N.W.llv^V 

4  N.W.byW 

3  N.  W. 

1(12 

9 

3  N.W.byW 

2N.VV.b -W 

2  N.W.byW 

4  N.VV.1j>W 

4N.VV.byN 

3  N.W.byW. 

10 

3  N.  W. 

j4N.VV.byN 

!  4  N.  VV. 

4  N.  VV, 

3  N.W.byW 

3  N.W.byW. 

11 

3  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

;2N.W.byN 

1  VV'ly 

3  W'ly 

2S.E. 

103 

12 

1  w.  s.  w. 

1     Calm 

,  1  S.  E'ly 

!•  N.  E. 

0  N,  i:. 

7N.  E.  byN. 

33 

8  N.  E.  by  E 

8  N.  E.  by  E. 

;  t-  N.  L.  by  N 

li  S.  W'ly 

6  VV.  S.  VV. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

At  2  1'.  M.  whul 

14 

1  N.  N.  E. 

2  W. 

2VV. 

2W. 

4  W. 

4  S.  VV. 

smldt'iily  bt'ciiino 

1.') 

Calm 

1  S.  VV. 

2  E'ly 

i;  E'ly 

S  E.  N.  E. 

4  S.  E.  by  E. 

10(1 

liylil  ami  vari'Io. 
(.uiiout) 

16 

4  S.  E.  by  K 

2  S.  S.  E. 

1  E'ly 

1  VV'ly 

Calm 

1  S.  E. 

105 

17 

Calm 

1  K. 

1  Variable- 

2  N.  E'ly 

2  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

18 

Calm 

1  N.  E'ly 

2  E'ly 

4  E'ly 

2  E'ly 

2  E'ly 

100 

AstrongOiiBtorly 

19 

2  E.  by  N. 

2  E.  by  S. 

2  E.  by  N. 

5  3.  E.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  E. 

99 

ciirnMit ;  t)u>  uliip 
drifliug  with  il. 

20 

Calm 

1  S'ly 

Calm 

1  W.  by  N. 

1     Calm 

Calm 

21 

1  S.  W. 

1  S.  VV. 

1  S.  VV. 

2S.VV.  b/S. 

3S.  VV.byS. 

5  VV.  S.  W. 

113J 

22 

.-iS.W.byW 

2  VV.  by  S. 

i  2  W.  by  N. 

3  VV. 

3  W.  N.  VV. 

3  ^V.  by  S. 

Ui 

23 

3  W.  S.  W. 

!  1  N.  VV. 

2  W. 

1  VV.  s.  v/. 

1  VV.  S.  W. 

2  VV.  S.  VV. 

24 

.'5-3  W.H.W. 

3  VV. 

!  4  W. 

1  S.  VV. 

1  S.  S.  VV. 

1  S. 

25 

Calm 

Calm 

1     Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

3  S.  S.  E. 

110? 

28 

2  S.  S.  E. 

2  S.  by  W. 

1  H.  S.  VV. 

l.S.W.  byS. 

2  S.  E.  by  E. 

2  S.  E,  by  E. 

101 

A  strong  sot  to 

27 

2  E.  by  S. 

Calm 

2  N.  by  VV. 

Calm 

Calm 

2  E.  by  N. 

108 

tilt'  Hcjutliwiird. 

28 

1  f .  E.  by  E. 

f:alra 

1  VV.  by  S. 

4  N.  E.  by  N. 

2  S.  E.  by  E. 

1  S.  by  E. 

29 

•3  N.  E,  by  N. 

1  N.  E.  by  N. 

2S. 

Calm 

1  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

30 

Calm 

1  N.  VV. 

7  N.  N.  VV. 

n  N. 

1  N.  E.  by  E. 

6  VV.  N.  VV. 

31 

7fci.W.byW. 

4VV. 

4  VV.  S.  VV. 

4  S.  VV. 

fl  H.  VV. 

5S. 

August,  1858.— Mean  position:  Lot.  1.3°.  1  N. ;  long.  88'.5  W. 

UATE. 

4Ii. 

8h. 

Noon. 

41.. 

8Ii. 

Midn't. 

Varia. 
tion. 

BEMARKB. 

1 

3  W. 

4  S.  VV. 

BS.W.byVV. 

6  S.W.  byW. 

B  W.  by  S. 

3  W.  by  S. 

108° 

2 

7  W.  by  S. 

6  VV.  X-s.'  S. 

6  VV.  S.  VV. 

B  VV.  hv  S. 

2  S.  E.  by  S. 

Calm 

w. 

3 

1  N.  E'ly 

Ci.hu 

Calm 

1  E'ly  ' 

2  E'ly 

Calm 

4 

Calm 

Calm 

C.-ilm 

2  S.  E. 

2  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

T) 

Calm 

Calm 

1  E'ly 

1  K'ly 

Calm 

Calm 

6 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

1  S.  E.  by  E. 

2  S.  E.  by  S. 

7 

3  S.  E.  by  S. 

4  S.  E.  by  E. 

C  S.  E.  by  E. 

7S.E.byS. 

7  S.  E.  by  E. ' 

7  S.  E.  by  E. 

108 

;  about) 

8 

10  E.  S.  E. 

10  E.  S.  E. 

10  E.  S.  E. 

9E. 

9  E. 

8E. 

110 

A  heary  galo. 

9 

8E. 

7E. 

3E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

10 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  Variable 

115 

11 

1  Variable 

2  N.  VV. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

138 

{Rboul) 

12 

Calm 

Calm 

3  N'ly 

4  N.  E. 

4E. 

4S.  E. 

13 

SE. 

4E. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

2E. 

2E. 

2E. 

14 

3  N.  N.  E. 

4N. 

B  N. 

1!  N.  N.  VV. 

5N. 

B  N. 

16 

f)  N.  N.  E. 

6  N.  N.  E. 

6  N.  N.  E. 

fi  N'ly 

6  N.  N.  VV. 

6  N.  N.  W. 

16 

B  N.  N.  W. 

4  VV.  N.  VV. 

4  VV.  S.  VV. 

3  S.  VV. 

5  S.  VV. 

5  S.  VV. 

17 

4  VV.  S.  W. 

ti  VV.  by  N. 

G  VV.  by  N. 

B  VV. 

4VV. 

4  S.  VV. 

149 

18 

6  S.  W. 

4VV. 

2VV. 

2  S'ly 

6  S.  S.  VV. 

6  VV'ly 

19 

3  S.  S.  W. 

.1  VV. 

6  VV. 

2  VV. 

4  VV.  S.  VV. 

3  VV.  S.  W. 

20 

4W. 

4  VV.  S.  VV. 

3  VV. 

6  N.  N.  VV. 

7  N.  W. 

4W. 

21 

B  N.  W. 

5  N.  VV. 

(i  VV. 

6  VV. 

5  VV. 

4VV. 

22 

4W.  S.  W.    .      .V.  S.  VV.    1 

3  S'ly 

2  S.  S.  K. 

3  S.  S.  E. 

3  H.  S.  E. 

23 

Calm 

2  S.  VV. 

i)  VV. 

6  VV. 

ovv. 

11  VV. 

24 

B  W. 

B  \V. 

4  W. 

2  N.  E. 

C  N.  N.  E. 

7  N.  N.  E. 

2.') 

6  N.  N.  E. 

B  N.  N.  VV. 

li  N.  N.  VV. 

4  N.  N.  VV. 

(I  W.  N.  W. 

6  VV.  N.  VV. 

26 

(!  N.  N.  W. 

li  N.  N.  VV. 

B  N.  N.  VV. 

6  N.  W. 

i;  W.  N.  VV 

(i  VV.  N.  V. 

27 

1  Variable 

Calm 

i:  VV.  N.  VV. 

6  N.  VV. 

7  N.  VV. 

7  N.  VV. 

28 

6  N.  N.  VV. 

V,  N.  W. 

B  N.  VV. 

4  Variable 

4  Variable 

2  N.  K. 

29 

3  E.  S.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  N.  K. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

2  K.  N.  K. 

2  N'ly 

30 

4  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  VV. 

2S. 

2S. 

2  H.  E. 

Calm 

31 

1  a.  E. 

2  y.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

'.'  N.  VV. 

3  VV. 

3VV. 

■1 


■■vt 


^1 


\ 


-  r' 


52 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

H 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

Hi 

17 

18 

19 

2(1 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


Direction  (true)  and  Force  of  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacpt  Fox. 
September,  1858. — Mean  position:  Lot.  72°  N.;  long.  940.4  W. 


4h. 


1 

2  N.  W. 

2 

5  N.  N.  W 

3 

5  W.  by  S 

4 

f>  W.  liy  S 

5 

7  W. 

6 

4  W. 

7 

3SMy 

8 

4  S.  K. 

0 

5  S.  W. 

10 

3  f^.  W. 

11 

3  S.  S.  E. 

12 

3  N.  K. 

13 

3  N.  N.  W. 

14 

2  N.  E. 

15 

3  N.  liy  E. 

16 

5  N'ly 

17 

6  N.  N.  W. 

18 

3  N.  N.  E. 

19 

6  N.  W. 

20 

4  N.  N.  W. 

21 

3  S.  S.  V 

22 

0  N.  \V. 

23 

4  W.  N.  W. 

24 

0  N.  W. 

25 

7  W.  N.  W. 

26 

5  W.  S.  W. 

27* 

Cilm 

28 

3  fc.  E. 

29 

6  S.  W. 

30 

3N. 

8b. 


4  N.  N.  W. 
6  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  by  S. 

5  W.  by  S. 

6  V. 

4  W.  S.  W. 
3S'ly 

4  S.  E. 

5  \V.  by  S. 

2  S.  S.  W. 

3  K.  H.  E. 

3  iN.  E. 
Cnlm 

2N.  E. 

4  N.  by  E. 

5  N'ly 

5  N.  N. 
4  N.  N. 
4  N.  N. 
4  N.  N. 

4  S.  AV. 
(i  W.  by  N. 
3\V. 

II  W. 

6  W. 

5  W.  S.  W. 
3  S.  W'ly 

5  S.  E. 
5  S.  W. 
5  N.  E. 


Noon. 


.  W. 
,  E. 
,  W. 
,  W. 


2  S.  W. 

4  a.  by  W. 

5  W.  by  S. 
5  W.  by  S. 
7  W. 

3  S.  W. 
3H'ly 

4  K.  S.  E. 

5  W. 

2  S.  S.  W. 
4E. 

4  N.  E. 
^S'ly 

2  S.  W'ly 

3  N.  N.  E. 

5  N.  N.  W. 
5  N.  N.  W. 
5  N.  N.  E. 

4  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  S.  S.  W. 
.1  W.  by  N. 
2W. 

.1  W. 
(!  W. 

5  W.  S.  W. 
3  S.  E'ly 

5  S.  S.  E. 
3  S.  \V. 
6N,E. 


8h. 


4  W.  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 
4  W.  by  S. 
8  W.  by  N. 

6  W. 
4S'Iy 
4  S.  E. 

4  S.  S.  E. 

4  W. 

1  N.  W. 

3  N.  E. 
4N.  E. 
1  W. 

;i  N,  E. 

6  N'ly 

5  N.  N. 

4  N.  N. 

6  N.  W. 

5  S.  W. 

a  s.  w. 

5  N.  \V. 

7  W.  S.  W. 

7  to  8  N.  W. 

1  W. 

6  W.  by  S. 

2  S.  W. 

5  E.  S.  E. 

6  S.  S.  E. 

aN. 

6N.  E. 


Midn't. 


.  W. 

E. 


4  W.  N.  W. 
4  W.  N.  W. 
6  W.  by  S. 
8  W.  by  N. 
6  W. 
4S'ly 
4S.  E. 

4  W.  by  S. 
3  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  E. 
4N.  E. 

Calm 

3  N.  by  E. 
6  N'ly 

5  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

6  N.  W. 

5  9.  W. 

5  S.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

7  S.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

8  W.  S.  W. 
6  W.  by  S. 
2  S.  W. 
5S.  E. 

0  S'!y 
2  N'ly 
ON.  E. 


October,  1858.— At  winter  quarters:  Lat.  72°  N. ;  long.  940.2  W. 


41'. 


6  N.  E. 

7  N.  E.  by  E. 
7  N.  E. 

7  N.  E. 
4S'ly 

2  S.  8.  E. 

3  H.  S.  W. 
Calm 

2W. 
Calm 

4  E.  N.  E. 
(i  N.  E. 

E. 
N. 
W. 

w. 


8I1. 


w. 


w. 


3N. 
7W 

2N. 
4N. 
9  W.  N. 
8  N.  W. 
2  N.  N.  E. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  by  E. 
r>  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
1  N.  K. 

3  S.  W. 

10  N.  N.  W. 

10  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

7  N.  W. 

7  N.  V7. 


5  N.  E. 

7  N.  E.  by  E. 
7  N.  E. 
.')  E.  S.  E. 
3  S.  E. 

2  S.  S.  E. 

3  S.  W. 
Calm 

2  W. 

i  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

7  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  E.  by  N. 

6  W.  N.  W. 
2  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
9  W.  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
2  S.  S.  E. 
I)  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

2  S.  E.  by  S. 
(1  S. 

r>  N.  E. 

8  W.  N.  W. 
10  N.  W. 

2  iN.  W. 
1  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 
4  N.  i\.  W. 


Noon. 


.I  N.  E. 

7  N.  E.  by  E. 

6  N.  N.  E. 

6  E.  N.  K. 

3  S.  E. 

1  S.  S.  E. 

2  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2  W. 
5  E. 

4  N.  E.  by  N. 

3  N.  E. 
2  N.  E. 

0  W.  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  K.  N.  E. 

4  N.  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

2  E.  N,  E. 
(I  S. 
7  N.  K. 

7  W.  N. 

8  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 
4  N.  N.  W. 


4ii. 


by  N. 


,  W. 


6  N.  1;. 

7  N.  E. 
7  N.  E. 

(i  N.  E.  by  E. 
2  S.  S.  E. 
2S. 
2  S.  W. 
1  W. 

1  N.  E. 

7  N,  E. 
5  N. 

2  N. 

3  N.  E. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  E.  N.  E. 
3  N.  N.  E. 
8  N.  N.  W. 
3  W.  N.  \V. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  H.  H.  E- 

H  N.  E.  by  N. 
8  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 
1  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 


8l>. 


W. 


«  N.  E. 
7N.  E. 
8N.  E. 
5  N.  E. 

3  S.  E. 

4  S.  \V. 
2S.  W. 
1  V/.  N. 

1  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  E.  by  N. 

2  N.  E. 

5  N,  VV. 
(J  N.  W. 

3  N.  by  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 
9  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  E.  N.  E 

2  N.  E. 

7  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

1  S.  S.  E. 

4  N.  E.  by  N. 

6  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

2  N.  E. 
4  N.  W. 
4  N.  \V. 
4  N.  W. 


Midn't. 


6N.  E. 

7  N.  E. 

8  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 
2S.  E. 

6  S.  W, 
Cilm 

1  W.  N.  W. 
1  E.  by  S. 
.5  E.  N.  E. 
6  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 
6  \V. 

2  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

8  W.  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
2  N.  W. 

5  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  by  W. 

5  N.  N.  VV. 

6  N.  W. 

1  N.  E. 

3  W.  by  N. 
8  N.  N.  E. 

1(1  N.W. 

4  N.  W. 
Calm 

C  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 


*  Went  into  winter  quarters,  Port  Kennedy. 


m 


OP  TIIS  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND. 


53 


Direction  (true)  and  Force  op  the  Wind 

OBSERVED  ON  BOARD  THE  YACHT  FoX. 

DATE. 

November,  1858.— At  winter  quarters. 

2h. 

4h. 

61i. 

8H. 

101". 

Noon. 

1 

2N.  W. 

1  N.W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

2 

Ciilm 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3 

9  N.  W. 

9  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

8  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

4 

9  W.  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  \V. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

10  W.  N.  W. 

5 

i)  N.  W. 

9  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

0  N.W. 

6  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

G 

5  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
7  N.W. 

li  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

4  N.  \<y  E. 

2  N.  Ijy  E. 

7 

7  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

8 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

fl 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

10 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

11 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

0  N.  W. 

12 

1  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

13 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2E. 

Calm 

2  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  K.  N.  E. 

14 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 

4  N,  W. 

5  N.  W. 

15 

6  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

6  N.W. 

6  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

16 

Calm 

Calm 

2N.  E. 

2N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

3N.  E. 

17 

6N.  E. 

4  N.  K. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  K.  N.  E. 

18 

3  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

19 

Calm 

Calm 

2N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

20 

2  N.  1-.. 

5  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  E.  by  E. 

3  N.  E.  by  E. 
Calm 

21 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  K.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

22 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

23 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

24 

4  N.  W. 

2  N.W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

25 

2  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

0  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

0  N.  W. 

20 

6  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

0  W.  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

27 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

2  N.  E. 

28 

6  N.  E. 

8  N.  N.  E. 

8  N.  N.  W. 

8  N.  N.  W. 

8  N.  N.  W. 

8  N.  E. 

29 

9  N.  E. 

9N.  E. 

9N.  E. 

8  N.  E. 

8  N.  E. 

9  N.  K. 

30 

10  N.  E. 

10  N.  E. 

9N.  E. 

8N.E. 

6  E.  N.  E. 

6  E.  N.  E. 

DATE. 

21.. 

4h. 

61'. 

8h. 

1  Oil- 

Midu't. 

1 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

2 

4  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

6  N.  V.', 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

3 

7  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

6  W.  Iv.  \T. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

4 

9  W.  N.  W. 

8  W.  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

5 

7  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

7  N.  M'. 

7  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

6 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.W. 

4  N.  W. 

(-  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

7 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

8 

3  K.  \V. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

9 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

10 

2W. 

2W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

11 

5  N.  \V. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

12 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W.                  1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  E.  i<.  E. 

13 

3  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  K.               ,  K.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

14 

6  N.  W. 

4  N.  W.                  o  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

15 

6  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

18 

4  N.  E. 

«  N.  E. 

6N.  E. 

5  N.  V. 

6  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

17 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

4E. -v.  y,. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

18 

Calm 

Calm 

2  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

1  N.'w 

Calm               J 

3  N.  E.               1 

in 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

a  N.  V. 

3  N.  E. 

3  N.  K. 

20 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  K.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  E.                5 

21 

1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  W. 

22 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

23 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

24 

2  N.  W. 

2N.E. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

25 

6  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

26 

(i  W.  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

6  W'ly 

6  W'ly 

4  Wly 

4  Wly 

27 

2  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

6  N.  E. 

6  N.  E. 

28 

7  N.  E. 

8N.  K 

9  N.  E. 

8  N.  U. 

9  N.  E. 

9  N.  E. 

29 

10  N.  E. 

10  N.  K. 

10  N.  E. 

10  N.  E. 

10  N.  E. 

10  N.  E. 

30 

6  E.  N.  E. 

5  E.  N.  E. 

5  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  K. 

5  N.  E. 

Calm               li 

4>^^i 


-H' 


-?'i^- 
S?, 


«•■*,) 


At  J  M 


64 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION 


DmecTiON  (true)  and  Fouce  of  the  Wind  observed  on  board  int  yacto:  lox. 
December,  1858.— At  winlur  quarU  i-s. 


y 

10 

11 

12 
13 
1-1 

15 
Id 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 

as 

2(i 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2fi 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


21.. 


Calm 
8  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 
8  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 
»>  N.  W. 

'i  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

3  N.  v.. 

5  N.  W. 
S  N.  W. 

(,.'a)m 

1  K.  X.  E. 

5  1!.  V.  K. 

6  >!.  W. 

8  :v.  w. 

••)  N.  \V. 

2  X.  li. 

4  >.:.  N.  K. 

5  E.  ?;.  ].;. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

Calm 

3  S.  W. 
..■.ilm 

4  y.  \V. 

7  W. 

3  X.  ^V. 
7  W. 
2  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 


4h. 


2ii. 


W. 


2  N.  VV. 
5  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  K. 
2  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 

Calm 

2  N.  K. 

3  N.  K. 
Calm 

7  N.N. 

5  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  K.  N.  E. 
2  K.  N.  E. 

6  E.  N.  K. 

4  N.  W. 

2  3.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  IV. 

3  W,  by  N. 

7  "tV. 

7  W   rl.  W. 

4  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W, 


1  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
8  N.  \V. 

3  N.  N.  W. 
i-  N.  W. 

6  \.  W. 
1  N.  W. 
2N.  E. 
5  N.  W. 
fi  N.  W, 

1  :s  s. 

i  K.  X.  K. 
!>  K.  n.  ){. 

■J  X  *v. 

7  :.  W. 

S     ^1:     'tV. 

:i  N.  E. 
4  K.  N.  E. 
4  N.  E. 
4  N.  W. 
1  S.  W. 
Calm 

1  N.  \V. 
4  N.  W. 

8  W. 

2  N.  W. 
4  W. 

Calm 
Calm 

3  N.  W. 


41.. 


4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 
4N.  W. 
3  N.W. 
6  N.  W. 

Calm 
4N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

Calm 

2  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 
Calm 

5  N.  N.  \V. 
.   N.  v. 

vV. 
N.  E. 
N.  E. 
N.  .^ 
W. 

,y. 
h. 

5  N,  W. 

3  W.  S.  Vf. 
7  W. 

7  W.  S.  W. 

4  \V. 
Calm 

2  N.  W. 

5  W. 


;  N. 

4  ••;. 

3    ,. 

5  1 

(•  N 
2S. 
1  N. 


Gl.. 


1  N.  VV. 
6  N.  W. 

5  X  W. 
8  N.  W. 

3  N.  .\.  W. 

6  N.  W. 
fi  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

2  "''  K 

I  K,  N."  E. 

3  K.  N.  E. 

7  AV.  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

3  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

5  N.  W. 
2  S.  W. 

1  S.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

6  W. 

4  N,  W. 
6  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

4  N.  W.     ■ 


81.. 


Gl.. 


3  N.  W. 

5  N.W. 

6  N.  W. 
3  N.W. 

2  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  E. 

2  N.  W. 
6  N.W. 

Calm 
2N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 
Calm 

G  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 
4  N.  W. 

1  S.  W. 
1  N.  E. 
4  N,  W. 

4  W.  S. 
7  W. 

5  N.  W. 
4  W. 

Calm 
Calm 
G  W. 


.  W. 


2  N,  \r. 

4  N.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 
0  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
2  N.  VV. 
2  N.  W. 
2  N.  W. 
2  N.  E. 

Calm 

2  N.  E. 
7  N.  W. 
S  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
4N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 
li  N.  E. 

5  N.  W. 
3S.  E. 

Calm 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  W. 

0  N.  W. 

5  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 


81.- 


4  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

1  N.W. 
7  N.  W. 

Calm 

4  N.  E. 

2  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

Calm 
4N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

1  E.  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  W. 
1  S.  W. 

Calm 
4  N.  W. 

4  W  d.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

0  w. 

1  N.  E. 
Calm 

5  W. 


lOh. 


2  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.W. 

5  N.  W. 

7  N.  \y. 

i  4  X.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 

fc2:;.  w. 

^  2  W.  W. 
i  1  K.  W. 

3  X.  W. 

1  Variable 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  K. 
Variable 

5  N  W. 

6  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  E  N.  E. 

3  E.  ;\-.  E. 
«  E.  N.  E. 
6  N,  AV. 

1  W.  i.v  S. 

Calm 
3  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
4W. 

5  N.W. 
4AV. 

Calm 
1  N.  W. 
3  N.W. 


lOh. 


4  N.W. 

2  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

Calm 

4  N.  E. 
3  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

Calm 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

G  N.  AV.  bj  W. 
1  N.  W. 

5  N.  AV 
1  E.  N. 

1  E.  N  . 
1  N.I 

■  ^f  '     ■ . 

-S.  w. 

■  ••'im 

■t  ^.  w 

■I  AV. 

7  .V. 

3  W. 
Call 
Call  -■ 

4  N.W. 


Noon . 


2  N.W. 
4  N.  AV. 

6  N.  AV. 
4  N.  AV. 

3  N.  AV. 

4  N.  AV. 

2  N.  •■-' 

1  Van,' Do 

1  N.  AV. 
..  N.  AV. 

Calm 

3  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 
Variable 

4  N.  AV. 

7  N.  AV. 
4  N.  AV. 
4  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
7  E.  N.  E. 
fi  N.  AV. 

1  S.  AV. 
Calm 

4  N.  AV. 

3  W.  by  N. 

5  N.  AV. 

7  AV.  S.  AV. 
4W. 

Calm 
1  N.  N.  W. 
3  N.  AV. 


Midn't. 


5  N.  W. 
Calm 

7  N.  AV. 

4  N.  N.  AV. 
3  N.  AV. 

6  N.  AV. 
Calm 

5  N.  E. 

3  N.  AV. 

5  N.  AV. 
Calm 

1  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

«  N.  AV.  by  AV, 

2  N.  AV, 

6  N.  AV. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

ti  N.  N.  AV. 
Calm 

2  8.  W. 
Calm 

5  N.  W. 

7  AV. 

8  N.  AV. 
8  W. 

3  AV. 
Calm 
Calm 

2N.  AV. 


OF   THE   DIRECTION  AND   FORCE  OF   THE   WIND. 


55 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

IB 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

2B 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

2(i 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


DiUECTiON  (tuue)  and  Force  of  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacht  Fox. 
January,  1859. — At  winter  quarters. 


2b. 


6  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 
4  N.  N.  W. 
3N. 
4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
4  i\.  W. 
6  >.'.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 
1  N.  E. 
4  K.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
6  i\.  W. 

3  N.  E. 
6  N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
8  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

6  N.  \V. 
6  N.  W. 
1  N.  \V. 
2N.E. 


2h. 


4  N.  W. 
(i  N.  E. 

5  N. 
7  N.  \V. 

Calm 
4  W. 
4  N.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

1  i\.  E. 

4  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 
Calm 

5  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 
4  W.  N. 
2  N.  E. 

4  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W, 

5  N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 
5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

2  N.  E. 


W. 


4h. 


4  N.  W. 
r!  N.  W. 
4  N. 
3N. 
3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
(i  N.  W. 

Cilra 

1  N.  W. 

2  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 
4  W.  N.  W. 
4  i\.  W. 
0  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
Calra 

7  N.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

4  .N.  W. 
Calm 

G  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
2N.  E. 


4I1. 


3  N.  W. 
5  N. 
4N. 
3  N.  W. 
Calm 
«  W. 
5  N.  W. 

3  i\.  W. 

4  >;.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  E. 

2  i\.  E. 
Calm 

C  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

4  W.  N. 

3  N'.  E. 

5  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  W. 
5  i\.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
(i  N.  W. 
5  N.  W. 

1  N.  E. 

3  iN.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
1  >-.  K. 


w. 


6h. 


.  W. 


5  N.  \V. 

4  N.  \V. 
4X 
3N. 
3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  \V. 
8  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calra 
2  N.  E. 
4  E.  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

2  W.  N. 
ij  N.  W. 
2  N.  \V. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
Calm 

7  N.  W. 

1  W.  by  N. 

0  N.  W. 

2  N.  \V. 

(i  W.  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
Calm 

«  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

1  N.  K. 


6I1. 


.  W. 


4N. 
4i\. 
4N. 
G  N.  W. 

1  W. 

5  W. 

6  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  \V. 
Calm 
4N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 

7  N.  W . 

3  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

3  i\,  E. 

4  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  W.  N. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 
5  N.  W. 
G  N.  \V. 
3  N.  W. 

Calm 
]  N.  K. 


.W. 


8h. 


5  N.  W. 
4  N.  N.  E. 
4N. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N. 

4  N.  W. 
2N.  W. 
8  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

and  variable 

3  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  K 
1  N.  K. 

Calm 

6  N.  W. 
2N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
Calm 

1  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
5  N.  W. 

W. 


lOli. 


2N. 
G  W 

0  N. 
2N. 

1  N. 
«N. 
4N. 
3N. 
IN. 


W. 


8I1. 


4  N.  W. 
2N. 
4N. 
7  i\.  W. 

Calm 
4  W. 
4  N.  W. 

Colm 
3  W. 

Calm 
2M.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
G  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
3N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

1  N.  E. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

2  N.  \V. 

3  N.  W. 
9  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
Calm 

2  N.  W. 
G  N.  W. 
2  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 


1  N.  W. 

5  N.  N.  E. 

5  N. 

6  N.  W. 

5  N, 
4  W. 

G  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 

air 

3  ^'.  K. 

2  N.  K. 
Calra 

3N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

Calm 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

1  N.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

Calm 

6  N.  W. 
2  N.  W, 
2N.  W. 
IN.  E. 


101-- 


6  N.  W. 
3N. 
4N. 

ti  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
G  W. 

7  N.  W. 
Calm 

2  N.  N.  W. 
2  N.  E. 
2  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

4  \V.  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
.')  N.  W. 

5  N.  E. 

1  N.  W. 
Calra 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

2  N.  \V. 

8  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 
G  N.  W. 
2  N.  W. 
2  N.  E. 
Calm 


Noon. 


3  N.  W. 
5  N.  N.  E. 

5  N. 

8  N.  W. 

4N. 

4W. 

3  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
1  N.  K. 
4N.  E. 

1  Variable 
Calm 

3  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 

1  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 
5  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

1  Variable 

Calm 
4N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 


:^i 


"f  ti 


I 


Midn't. 


5  N.  \V. 
3N. 
4N. 
4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
G  W. 
8N.  W. 

Calra 

3  N.  W. 
2  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

:  E.  N.  E. 

3  W.  N.  \V. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 

5  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 

6  N'.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

3  \V.  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

Calm 
C  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
1  N.  \V. 
3  N.  E. 

Calm 


ilii 


66 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

H 

!) 

10 

U 

12 

13 

14 

15 

1(5 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

2G 

27 

28 


Direction  (tkue)  and  Force  of  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacht  Fox. 
February,  1859.— At  winter  quarters. 


2h. 


Calm 

4  W.  by  N. 
1  K.  N.  E. 

1  N.  K. 

5  N.  W. 
a  N.  W. 
8  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
5  N.  W. 

1  N.  E. 
e  N.  W. 
f)  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

8  W.  N.  \V. 
7  N.  W. 

t)  W. 

2  N.  W. 

5  W. 

2  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

6  N.  E. 

3  iN.  E. 
r  .V.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
2  W. 

9  W. 


4h. 


Calm 
ti  W.  N.  W. 
1  K.  N.  E. 

Calm 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
(i  N.  W. 

Calm 
4  N.  W. 

Calm 
«  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
3  W.  N.  W. 
8  W.  N.  W. 
7  N.  W. 

n  w. 

1  N.  W. 
4\V. 

6  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

fi  N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 
3  N.  W. 

7  N.  \V. 
3  N.  ',V. 
3  W. 
8\V. 


61i. 


Calm 
(i  W.  N.  W. 

1  E.  N.  E. 
('aim 

2  N.  W. 
e  N.  \V. 
f)  N.  W. 

Calm 

3  N.  W. 
Calm 

G  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
«  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

5  W. 
Calm 

6  W. 
fi  AV. 
2N.  E. 

Calm 

5  N.  E. 

Calm 

3  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

n  N.  w. 

3  W. 

8  W. 


gli. 


W. 


Calm 

5  N.  W. 

1  E.  N.  E, 

2  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

7  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

4  W.  N. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W 

5  W. 

1  S.  E. 

6  W. 
5  W. 

2  i\.  E. 
Calm 

5  N.  E. 
Calm 
2  W. 

7  N.  W. 
2  N.  W. 
4W. 

5  N.  W. 


101'. 


Calm 
1  N.  W. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
r.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 
Calm 

0  N.  W. 

1  W. 

3  VV.  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

9  W.  N.  VV. 
0  W. 

Calm 
fi  \V. 

5  W. 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 

r>  N.  E. 

2W. 
3  W. 

e  \v. 

2  N.  W. 
4W. 

6  N.  W. 


Noon. 


Calm 
1  N.  W. 

1  E.  N.  E. 
6  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
5  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
.■j  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
(i  N.  W. 

3  W. 

2  W.  N.  W, 

4  N.  W. 
8  W.  N. 
4  W. 

Calm 
1  W. 
2\V. 
4N.  E. 

Calm 
4  N.  E. 

1  W. 

2  W. 
4  W. 
1  N.  W. 
f)  W. 
7  N.  \V. 


W. 


1 

Calm 

2 

1  N.  W. 

3 

1  E.  N.  E. 

4 

C  N.  W. 

5 

2  N.  W. 

6 

4  N.  W. 

7 

4  W.  N.  W 

8 

7  N.  W. 

9 

1  W.  N.  W 

10 

1  N.  W. 

11 

4  N.  W. 

12 

3  W. 

13 

2  W.  N.  W. 

14 

(i  N.  W. 

15 

5  W.  N.  W. 

16 

«  W. 

17 

2  W. 

18 

2W. 

19 

2W. 

20 

3N.  E. 

21 

Calm 

22 

4  N.  E. 

23 

1  W. 

24 

2  W. 

25 

4  W. 

2ti 

1  N.  W. 

27 

5  N.  W. 

28 

7W. 

4h. 


1  S. 
1  S.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 
4  N.  W. 

1  N.W. 
4  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 
7  N.  \V. 
Calm 

2  N.  W. 
(i  N.  W. 
«  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W.  N. 
4\V. 
2\V. 
2W. 
1  W. 
2N.  E. 

Calm 
4N.  E. 

1  W. 

2  W. 

4  N.  \V. 
1  N.W. 

5  N.W. 
9  N.  W. 


.  W. 


61'. 


3  N.  W. 
1  E.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

1  N.W. 

2  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

2  W. 
2  W. 

Calm 
2  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 
4  N.  E. 
1  W. 

3  W. 

4  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

7  W. 

8  N.  W. 


8l>. 


3  N.  W. 
2N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  W. 
2  N.W. 
2  N.W. 

2  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
Calm 

1  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  W. 
3  W. 

Calm 
2N.  E. 
2N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 
1  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
1  N.W. 

5  W. 
BN.W. 


lOh. 


Mi.ln't. 


3  W.  by  N. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

3  N.W. 

5  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W, 

5  N.  W. 

4  W.  S.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 
5  IS.  E. 
5  N.  E. 

Calm 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
Calm 

.I  W. 
9  N.  W. 


5  W.  by  N. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 
4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

1  N.  E. 
4  N.W. 

7  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

6  W.  S.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W. 

2  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

7N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 
1  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

Calm 

7  W. 

9  N.  W. 


OP  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OP  THE  WIND. 


57 


DATE, 

1 

2 
3 
4 

6 
« 
7 
8 
9 
10 

n 

12 
13 
14 

15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2li 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Direction  (true)  anp  Foroe  of  the  Wind  observed  on  board  the  yacht  Fox. 
March,  1859. — At  winter  quarters. 


2h. 


9  N.  W. 
2W. 
2  N.  E. 

2  N.  H. 
Calm 
Calm 

3  N.  K. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 

5  W.  N.  W. 
9  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
4  N.  W. 

Calm 
.')  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

0  VV. 
3N.  W. 

Calm 
Calm 

1  N.  W. 
3N.  E. 

Calm 
1  N.  W. 

4  N.  E. 
2N.  E. 


2h. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


6  W. 

Calm 

3  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  E. 

6  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 
8N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 
G  N.  W. 

Calm 
7N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 
6  N.  W. 
3  N.  \V. 
3  N.  W. 

Calm 
Calm 

1  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 
2  N.  W. 
1  N.  W. 
3N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 


4h. 


8N.W. 
2\V. 

2N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

4  N.  U. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

7  W.  N.  W. 
9  W.  N.  W. 

5  N.  VV. 
2N.  VVf. 
2N.  E. 
4N.  E. 
5  N.  VV. 
4VV. 
4N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 
4N.E. 

Calm 

Calm 
3N.  E. 
2N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 

Calm 
2N.  E. 

Calm 


41.. 


3  VV. 
Calm 

2  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

2  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  VV. 
Calm 

9  N.  VV. 
8  N.  VV. 
5  N.  VV. 
Calm 
5N.  E. 
2N.  E. 
«  N.  VV. 

3  N.  VV. 
2  N.  VV. 

Calm 

Calm 

2  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

2  N.  VV. 

1  N.  E. 
4N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 
Calm 

2  N.  VV. 
1  ti.  E. 
Calm 


«!.. 


7N.  W. 

Calm 
3N.E. 
2X.  £. 

Calm 

Calm 

4  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  R. 

2  E.  N.  K. 
Calm 

7  VV.  N.  VV. 
9  W.  N.  VV. 

5  N.  VV. 
Calm 

6  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

7  N.  VV. 

8  VV. 

3  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 
4N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 
3  N.  E. 
4N.  E. 


Cli. 


3  VV. 

2N.E. 

1  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

2  N.  K. 

4  E.  N.  E. 
2  E.  N.  E. 

4  N.  VV. 
1  N.  E. 
9  N.  VV. 
7  N.  VV. 

5  N.  VV. 
Calm 

4  N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 

6  N.  VV. 

5  N.  VV. 

1  N.  VV. 
Calm 
Calm 

2N.  E. 
Calm 

2  N.  VV. 
2  N.  E. 
2N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 


81.- 


6  VV. 
Calm 

4  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

4  N.  K. 

3E.  N. 

2  K.  N. 

2  N.  E. 

7  VV.  N. 
7  VV.  N. 

4  N.  VV. 
Calm 

5  N.  E. 

4  N.  E. 
7  N.  VV. 

5  N.  VV. 

3  N.  VV. 
Calm 
Calm 
Calm 

2  N  E. 
C;\;m 

1  w.  \v. 

3  N.  E. 

2  N.  K. 
Calm 
Calm 

1  N.  E. 
Calm 


E. 
E. 

,  VV. 
VV. 


8>>. 


2W. 

3N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

2  N.  E. 

3  :  .  x.  K, 
4iv.VV. 
2  N.  VV. 

9  N.  VV. 
7N.W. 
4N.  W. 
1  N.  E. 
4N.E. 
1  N.  E. 
5  N.  VV. 

4  N.  VV. 
1  N.  VV. 

Calm 
1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 
Calm 

2  N.  VV. 
2  N.  E. 
3N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 
2  N.  VV. 
1  N.  E. 

Calm 


101'- 


7  VV. 

Calm 
4  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

4  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 
2  E.  N.  E. 

1  iN.  VV. 

7  VV.  N.  VV. 

8  N.  VV. 
6  N.  W. 

Calm 

5  N.  E. 

4  N.  E. 
8  N.  VV. 

5  N.  VV. 

2  N.  VV. 
•Calm 
Calm 

2  N.  E. 

3  ^'.  E. 

1  VV. 

2  N.  VV. 
5  N.  E. 
;^N.  E. 


lOli- 


2VV. 
4N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

2  N.  E. 
4  E.  N.  : 
2  E.  N.  : 

2  N.  VV. 
6  N.  VV. 
9  N.  VV. 

4  N.  VV. 

5  N.  VV. 
Calm 

4  N.  E. 

Calm 
3VV. 
4N,W. 
IN.  W. 

Calm 
1  N.  VV. 
1  N.  E. 

Calm 

1  N.  VV. 
4N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 


Noon. 


6  VV. 
Calm 

4  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 
4  N.  E. 
3  E.  N.  E 
1  E.  N.  F. 
1  N-.  \V. 

7  N.  \V. 

8  ;>.  VV. 
i  N.  VV. 

Calra 
7  N.  E. 


E. 

VV. 

VV. 

VV. 


4N 

8  N, 

4N 

2N, 
Calm 
Calm 

1  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 
2  VV. 

1  N.  VV, 
4  M.  E. 

Calm 
Calm 

2  N.  VV, 
1  N.  E. 

Calm 


Midn't. 


2  W. 
4N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

2N.  E. 
3  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 
Calm 

4  VV.  N.  W. 
9  VV.  N.  VV. 
2  VV. 

4  N.  VV. 
Calm 

4N.  E. 
Calm 
2  VV. 

5  N.  VV. 
Calm 
Calm 

1  N.  VV. 
4N.  E. 

2  8.  VV. 
IN.  VV. 
4N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 

Calm 
Calii 
Call" 
3N.  \ 


.  / 


1 

> 

is 


58 


RECORD  AND   DISCUSSION 


I 'I  ■ 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
C 
7 
8 
9 

10 
U 
12 
13 
14 
IS 
Ifi 
17 
18 

;:'.» 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2(1 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


Direction  (laitB)  akd  Fok  -  ,  r  .-he  Wind  odservkd  on  hoard  the  yacht  Fox. 
.^lyril,  1859 At  winter  quarters. 


6h. 


5h. 


Sb- 


1 

4  N.  W. 

i;  N.  W. 

2 

8  W.  S.  W. 

2  W.  8.  W. 

3 

5  \V. 

2W. 

4 

3  !•:.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

r> 

4  W'ly 

3  W'ly 

(< 

(i^V. 

5  W.  S.  W. 

7 

2N. 

3N. 

8 

Calm 

Calm 

9 

fi  K.  N.  K. 

6  E.  N.  E. 

10 

Culm 

Calm 

U 

r;,]m 

Calm 

12 

2  .M  \V. 

2  N.  W. 

13 

(  aim 

1  Variable 

14 

3K. 

2E. 

15 

•'  N.  E. 

Calm 

1« 

4  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

17 

3  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

13 

7  E.  N.  E. 

7  N.  E. 

19 

1  E.  S.  E. 

4  E.  S.  E. 

20 

4  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

21 

2  N.  N.  E. 

3  f}.  N.  E. 

22 

4N. 

1  N. 

23 

3  E.  by  N. 

3  E.  by  N. 

24 

!)  E.  N.  E. 

6  E.  N.  E. 

25 

2  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

2U 

Culm 

Calm 

27 

4  E.  i\.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

28 

Calm 

1  N.  E. 

29 

3  N.  E. 

2  i\.  E. 

30       1 

1  N.  E.               1 

2N.  E. 

Noon. 


.  E. 


W. 


7N.W. 
4  W. 
2W. 
4  N.  E. 
4  W.  N.  W, 
7  W.  S.  \V. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N 
4  W. 

Calm 
4  W.  N 

Calm 
4  N.  K. 

Calm 
3  E.  N.  E. 
(i  N.  E. 
«  N.  E. 

2  K.  S.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

3  i\.  N.  E. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
4  N.  !•: 

G  E.  :    E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
1  E.  N.  E. 
«  E.  N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 


4h. 


6-7  W.  S.  W. 

1  W. 

4  N.  IV. 
!>  W.  N.  W. 
4  W. 
2N. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

4  W. 
Calm 

r>  \V.  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 

4  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

7  N.  K. 

2  K.  S.  E. 

4  N.  E. 
3N. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

8  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 
2  N.  E.  by  E. 

2  E.  X.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E, 
Calm 

2N.  E. 

5  W. 


May,  1859. --At  winter  quarters. 


9  W. 

3  W. 

7  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

4  W. 

2  W. 

2  W. 

4  W. 

7N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

2  W.  by  N. 

Calm 

3  N.  N.  W. 

Calm 

3  N.  N.  E. 

Calm 

4  N.  W. 

Cilm 

2  N.  E. 

3N. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

6  W.  by  N. 

3N.  E. 

8  W. 

1  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

4  N.  N.  W. 

8t>. 


9  W. 

aw. 

G  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

2W. 

1  W. 

2  W. 
2W. 

7  N.  E. 
r>  N.  W. 

1  W.  by  N. 
Calm 

3  N,  N.  W. 
Calm 

2  N.  N.  E. 
Calm 

1  i\.  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

2  N. 

1  W.  N.  W. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 
1  N.  by  E. 
4-«  W.  by  N. 

3  N.  E. 
5  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

S  N.  N.  W. 


Noon, 

1  W. 
G  W. 
GW. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

1  W. 

2  W. 

5  W. 

6  W. 
6N.  E. 

4  N.  W. 

R  W.  by  N. 
4  N.  N.  W 

3  N.  W. 

1  E.  N.  ;• 

2  N.  N.  ' 

4  N.  ^\■ 

2  N.  W 
Calm 
Calm 

G  N.  W. 
Calm 

1  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  W. 
3-5  N.  W. 
6-8  N.  W. 

5  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

C  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 


41,, 


7  W. 
5  W. 

6-8  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 
3  W. 
2W. 

li  W. 
5  W. 

2  N.  E. 

r  ■  ,1 
■  ■>.  K. 
u  >'.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

'  \.  N.  E. 
•^.  N.  E. 
N.  W. 
.1  ...\V. 

1  N.  N.  W. 
Calm 

7-i)  N.  W. 
Calm 

2  E.  N.  E. 
2  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  \V. 

5  W.  by  N. 

3  N.  VV. 
3  W. 

1  N. 

Calm 
4-G  N.  W. 
3  N.  N.  VV. 


81.. 


5  W.  S.  W. 

2  \V. 
Calm 

•:  \. 

«  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  N.  N.  E. 
Calm 

2  W. 

Calm 
2  W.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

5  E.  N.  E. 
5  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  N. 
4N. 

4  N.N. 
8  N.  K. 
3  E.  N. 

Calm 
3  N.  E. 
2  E.  N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 
4N.  E. 
8  \V. 


nil. 


.  w. 


M, 


8h. 


7-8  W.  S.  W. 
3  W. 
I  N.  E. 

1  N. 

G  W.  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
Calm 

2  N.  N.  E. 
Calm 

1  W. 
Calm 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  E. 
4N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 

6  E.  N.  E. 
1  N.  E. 

3  E.  N. 

4  N.  N.  E. 
."i  N. 

1  N. 

"  N.  E. 

>  ^'.  E.  by  !•;. 

t'alm 
4  N.  E. 

2  N.  E.  by  E. 
2  N.  E. 

4  N.  E. 
9  W. 


.  E. 


Uh. 


4\V. 

4  W. 

5W. 

7-:t  \V. 

4-G  W. 

G  W. 

4  W,  N.  \V. 

5  W. 

3  W. 

4\V. 

;  w.  N.  w. 

4  W.  N.  W 

'!-S  W. 

8-9  W. 

3W. 

Calm 

5  N.  N.  F 

(aim 

Calm 

3  vV. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  N.  \V. 

2  N.  W. 

Calm 

3  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

1  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

5-7  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

4N.  W. 

6  N.  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  E. 

2  N.  by  E. 

6  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 

N.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

■2  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

Calm 

1  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

5  W.  by  N. 

3  N.  by  E. 

5  W. 

8  W. 

1  W. 

2  N.  E. 

1  N. 

1  N. 

Calm 

1  N. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  \V. 

i:  N.  N.  w. 

OP  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND. 


69 


Direction  (true)  and  Force  op  the  Wind  observed  on  board  tbe  yacut  Fox. 

June 

1859 — At  winter  quurters. 

DATE. 

1 

6l>. 

8h. 

Noon. 

41,. 

81'. 

111.. 

4  i\.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5-7  N.  W. 

6-8  N.  W. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

10  N.  N.  W. 

2 

9  N.  W. 

11  N.  W. 

9  N.  W. 

7  N.  W, 

9  X.  W. 

9  N.  W. 

3 

4  N.  N.  W. 

1  N. 

2  N. 

1  N.  N.  W. 

2  N.  E. 

3  N.  K. 

4 

4N.  E. 

4N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

Calm 

2N.  E. 

Calm 

5 

2  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

Calm 

4  N'.  W. 

1  N. 

3  N. 

6 

2N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

2  K.  .\.  E. 

Calm 

3N.  E, 

3  N.  E. 

7 

Calm 

3  N.  E. 

r.  N.  E.  by  E. 

4  N.  E.  by  E. 

2  N.  E.  by  E. 

2  N.  E.  by  E. 

8 

3  N. 

4  N. 

ti  N.  W. 

7-9  N.  W. 

7-9  W.  by  S. 

3-7  N.  W. 

9 

3  N. 

2  N. 

Calm 

2  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

10 

4  N.  E. 

«  N.  E. 

6  N.  K. 

4  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

Calm 

11 

'!  W.  N.  W. 

6  W. 

«W. 

ti  N.  W. 

2-5  N.  N.  W. 

2-5  N.  N.  W. 

12 

-:  W.  by  N. 

4  W.  by  N. 

(i  i\.  N.  E. 

5  N.  N.  E. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  E. 

13 

;i  .N'.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

Calm 

1  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

14 

15 

2W. 

6  N.  W. 
2W. 

B  i\.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 
Calm 

1  N.  W. 
4N.  W. 

1  N.  by  VV. 

2  N.  W. 

16 

2  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

1  \.  p;. 

Calm 

17 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 

1  N.  E. 

18 

2  K. 

1  E. 

Calm 

r>  w. 

4  N.  W. 

3-5  N.  N.  W. 

19 

3  W. 

2W. 

4  N.  !•;. 

4N.  E. 

6  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

20 

3N.  W. 

2N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

Culm 

2E. 

Calm 

21 

Calm 

1  S.  E. 

Calm 

1  S.  9.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

22 

9  W. 

7  W. 

r>  N.  W. 

.1  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

.'J  N.  W. 

23 

I!  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

a  N.  w. 

6  N.  W. 

li  N.  W. 

3-5  N. AV. 

24 

7  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

7-9  N,  W. 

6  N.  W. 

1  N.  W. 

6  N.  W. 

25 

6  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 

«  N.  W. 

.■)  N.  W. 

7  X.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

26 

(i  N.  W. 

0  N.  W. 

0  N.  \V. 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

Calm 

27 

1  K.  N.  E. 

1  K.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

28 

4  E.  N.  E. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  E.  N.  E. 

3  K.  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

29 

3  N.  E. 

1  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

(.'aim 

1  N.  N.  W. 

30 

Calm 

2  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

7  iN.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

■■>■■ 


(50 


RECORD  AND   DISCUSSION 


'\^    ^ 


1 
2 
3 
4 
6 
(! 
7 
H 
9 
10 
U 

la 

13 
14 

15 
IG 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
23 

23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
2!) 
30 
31 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

10 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


DiHECTION  (TnUE)  AND  FOUCE  OP  THE  AVlND  OBSERVED  ON  BOARD  THE  YACHT  FoX. 

July,  1859.— At  winter  quarters. 


2i>. 


ralm 

6  W.  N.  W. 

3  K.  N.  K. 

4  S.  S.  W. 

5  W.  by  N. 

7  N.  K.  by  N. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

2  \V.  N.  \V. 
Calm 

4  N.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 
Calm 

6  N.  \V. 

7  N.  W. 

5  N.  E. 
C  N.  K. 

6  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 

6  N.  W. 
6  W.  .S.  W. 
2  E.  by  N. 
Calm 

1  W.  by  N. 

2  N.  W. 
2  N.  W. 


41>. 


Calm 

4  W.  N.  W. 
3  N. 

5  S.  S.  W. 
(i  W.  by  N. 

n  N.  E.  by  N. 

3  AV.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 
4  i\.  W. 
Calm 
fi  W.  by  N. 
7  N.  W. 

E. 

E. 

E. 

E. 
Calm 

6  N.  W. 

6  VV.  S.  W. 
3  E.  by  N. 

Calm 
1  W.  by  N. 
3  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 


5  N. 
5  N. 
4N. 
2N. 


2h, 


41.. 


E.  N.  E. 
W.  N.  W. 
W.  N.  W. 
W.  N.  W. 
W.  N.  W. 
iN.  N.  W. 
N.  E.  by  N, 
W.  N.  W. 
N.  N.  W. 
N.  E. 
N.  W. 
N.  W. 
N.  W. 
N.  W. 
N.  E. 
E.  by  N. 
N.  E.  by  N. 
E.  N.  E. 
Calm 
S.  W. 
W.  S.  W. 
Calm 
N.  W. 
Calm 
S.  W. 
N.  W. 
W.  N.  W. 


2  W.  S.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
1  E.  S.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

3  E. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

7  N.  N.  \V. 

3  N.  E.  by  N, 
5  W.  N.  W. 

Calm 
2  N.  E. 

4  N.  W. 
.1  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
7  N.  K. 

2  E.  by  N. 

6  N.  E.  by  N, 
2E. 

1  S.  W. 
4  N.  W. 
6  W.  S.  W. 

1  S. 

2  N.  W. 
1  S.  W. 

3  W.  S.  W. 
3  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 


Cli- 


6b. 


8h. 


3  N.  \V. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
2N. 

5  8.  8.  W. 

5  W.  by  N. 

9  N.  E.  by  N, 

6  W.  N.  W. 
6  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  E. 
4  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 
6  N.  W. 

3  N.  E. 
3  .v.  K. 

5  N.  !•;. 

2  N.  E. 

3  N.  i:. 
Calm 

6  .\.  \V. 

5  W,  8.  W. 
5  K.  by  N. 
Calm 

2  N.  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 
3  S.  W. 


7  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

1  E.  by  N. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  K.  N.  E. 

5  N.  \V. 

2  W.  i\.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

2  S.  8.  W. 
.1  W.  by  N. 

7  N.  E.  by  N, 

3  W.  N.  W. 
li  W.  N.  W. 

4  N.  E. 

5  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 
rt  N.  W. 
3  N.  E. 

3  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 
Calm 

6  N.  W. 

5  W.  S.  W. 

6  E.  by  8. 
Calm 

2  W.  S.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
2  8.  W. 


lOh. 


Noon. 


B  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 
Calm 

3  W.  by  N. 

7  N.  E.  by  N, 

4  \V.  N.  W. 
(!  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
B  N.  W. 
«  N.  W. 

6  N.  E. 

3  8.  W. 
B  N.  E. 
2  N.  E. 

4  E.  by  N. 
Calm 

6  W.  8.  W. 

1  W.  S.  W. 
4  E.  by  S. 

Calm 

2  W.  8.  W. 

3  N.  W. 
3  8.  W. 


2E. 

ti  W.  N.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 
(i  W.  N.  \V. 
5  W.  N.  W. 
7  N.  N.  W. 

Calm 
5  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  by  W. 
4  N.  W. 

rf  N.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
(i  N.  E. 

5  E.  N.  E. 
(i  N.  E.  by  N. 
1  E. 
1  8.  W. 

4  N.  W. 

5  W.  8.  W. 
Calm 
Calm 

1  8.  W. 
4  W.  8, 
3  N.  W 

2  W.  N 


W. 


8l>. 


101.- 


111. 


,  W. 


4  N.  W. 
2N.  E. 
1  8.  E. 

1  E.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

6  W.  N.  W. 
Calm 

5  W.  N.  W. 

5  W.  by  N. 

7  N.  r:.  W. 

Calm 
4  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  by  W. 
4  N.  W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

E. 

E. 

6  N.  E.  by  N. 
Calm 
Calm 

4  N.  W. 
6  W.  S. 

Calm 

Calm 

Calm 
4  N.  W. 

2  N.  E. 

3  W.  N.  W. 


2N. 
4N. 
5  N. 

(1  N. 

5  N. 


W. 


1  E.  N.  E. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3  W.  N.  \V. 
5  W.  by  N. 

7  N.  E.  by  N, 

Calm 
(i  W.  N.  W. 
3  W.  N.  W. 
3  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

4  N.  AV. 

5  N.  W. 
B  N.  W. 
7  N.  E. 
4  N.  K. 
4  N.  E. 

Calm 

Calm 

B  N.  W. 

6  ■      8.  W. 

1  1-.. 

4  N.  E. 
Light 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.  E. 

5  W.  N.  W. 


4  N.  W. 

2  N.  E. 

1  S.  E.  by  I 

3  E.  N.  E. 


0  N.W. 

6  N.  W. 
2  E.  8.  E. 
2  E.  by  N. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

i;  W.  N.  W. 

1  W.  N.  W. 
4  W.  N.  W. 

2  VV.  N.  W. 

0  N.  N.  \V. 

7  N.  E.  by  N 

4  W.  N.  W. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

3  N.  E. 

3  N.  W. 

5  N.  W. 
B  N.  W. 
B  N.  W. 

6  N.  E. 

2  8.  8.  W. 
B  N.  E. 
3N.  E. 

3  E.  by  N. 

1  8.  W. 

(!  W.  8.  W. 
1  W.  8.  W. 

1  N.  E. 
Calm 

2  \V.  H.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

3  W. 


Midn't. 


1  N.  VV. 

5  VV.  N.  VV. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

5  8.  8.  VV. 
4  W.  by  N. 

li  J.  E.  by  N, 
Calm 

6  VV.  K.  W. 
Calm 

2  N.  VV. 
2  N.  VV. 

4  N.  VV. 
fi  N.  VV. 
«  N.  VV. 

7  N.  E. 
6  N.  E. 

5  N.  E. 
Calm 
Calm 

6  N.  VV. 

6  W.  8.  VV. 

1  E. 
Calm 
Variable 

2  N.  VV. 

3  N.  VV. 
3  VV. 


OF  THE   DIIIECTION   AND   F  0 11 C  E   OF   THE   WIND. 


fil 


Djkection 

(true)  and  F 

oncE  OF  TiiK  Wind  OH.sEavF.r 

UN  lloAItD  THE  YAr:ilT  FliX. 

August,  1858.- 

-.Mean  position:  Lut.  Tl'^'.ON. ;  long.  79-. 

8  W. 

DATS. 

41.. 

8i>. 

Noon. 

41.. 

81.. 

Mldu't. 

1  E.  by  N. 

2  N.  K. 

Variation. 

1 

3  W. 

3W. 

1  W. 

1  w. 

Calm 

2 

3  K. 

2E. 

1  a.  by  N. 

4  i:.  N.  E. 

2  .\.  !•;. 

3 

2  N.  E. 

R  N.  E. 

6  N.  K. 

«  N.  K. 

5  .N.  H. 

a  K.  N.  E. 

4 

0  N.  K. 

7  .N.  K. 

7  N.  K.  by  E. 

(i  \.  !•;.  by  E. 

fi  N.  K.  by  E. 

('aim 

5 

Calm 

3  N.  W. 

3\V. 

4W. 

2\V. 

2  W. 

6 
7 

Calm 

Calm 

2  8.  W. 

3  .N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

2  N.  W. 

1  W. 

2\V. 

8  N.  \V.  by  W. 

4  N.  W. 

4  N.  \V. 

4  N.  W. 

8 

5  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

3  W. 

4\V. 

4W. 

fi  W. 

9* 

6  W. 

4  W.  by  a. 

5  W.  by  S. 

3  N.  N'.  W. 

2  W.  N.  W. 

1  a.  !•;. 

10 

C'lm,  light  var 

2  ,S.  K. 

IE. 

Calm 

Calm 

2  K. 

11 

3  K.  by  S. 

3  K.  by  S. 

4  !•:.  by  S. 

n  v..  8.  K. 

i;  N.  K. 

fi  N.  N.  E. 

12 
13 
14 

«  K.  N.  F. 

4  K.  by  H. 

li  K.  by  S. 

7  K.  by  8. 

7  !•:.  by  8. 

7  E.  by  a. 
7  K.  by  8. 
.I  !•:.  by  a. 
fi  W.  by  N. 
3  8. 

7  K.  by  S. 

7  K.  by  a. 

6  K,  by  S. 

0  K.  by  a. 

0  K.  by  a. 

9  K.  by  S. 

«  K.  by  a. 

(!  K.  by  a. 

4  K.  by  8. 

r.  !•:.  by  a. 

15 

4  K.  hy  S. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

8  W.  N.  W. 

i!  N.  W.  by  W. 

2  a.  by  K 

It) 

2-4N.\V.byN. 

2  W. 

4  a.  w. 

f.  a.  by  E. 

17 

IH 

Calm 

2  N.  by  W. 

2  N.  1-;. 

3  N.  !■;. 

3  Variable 

3  N.  N.  E. 

1  N.  K. 

2N.  W. 

3  W.  N.  W. 

!>  w.  a.  w. 

.')  W. 

5  W. 

19 

S  W.  by  S. 

5  W.  N.  W. 

fi  N.  \V. 

.1  w. 

IJ  W. 

4  W. 

20 

2  W. 

Calm 

IN.  E. 

IN. 

5  N. 

4  N.  N.  E. 

21 

(i  N.  W. 

3  8. 

6S.  E. 

fiS. 

0  a.  E.  by  E. 

li  a.  a.  iv. 

2  Iv. 

22 

1  W. 

(i  W. 

6  W. 

« w. 

r.  a.  E. 

W  W. 

23 

5  8.  K. 

5  H.  9.  E. 

3  a.  E. 

T>  E.  a.  E. 

3  E.  a.  K. 

1  ]•',.  N.  E. 

1)11 

24 

5  N.  N.  W. 

6  N.  N.  W. 

0  N.  \V.  by  N. 

7  N.  N.  \V. 

(i  N.  N.  W. 

«  N.  N.  W. 

S3 

25 

2i: 

4  N.  N.  W. 
3  Variable,  S. 

Calm 
3  i:. 

IN. 

2K. 

1  8. 

r,  N.  w. 

2  a.  W.  &  var. 
G  N.  W. 

3  8.  W.&var. 
1  E. 

78 
72 

27 

3  K. 

3  K.  N.  E. 

4  K.  N.  E. 

4  l').  N.  H. 

3  !•:.  N.  E. 

2  K.  N.  I!. 

28 
29 

1  E.  N.  K. 

2  K.  N.  K. 

3  i:.  N.  K. 
1  K.  N.  K. 

3  li.  8.  K. 
(!alm 

2  !■:.  .N.  !•:. 

4  N.  N.  K. 

2  K  N.  E. 
2  N.  K. 

2  K.  n!  k! 

(ftllU 

30 

Calm 

Calm 

5  N.  N.  W. 

2  X.  N.  W. 

Calm 

C'uliu 

31 

2  K.  N.  E. 

2  E.  N.  E. 

3N.  E. 

1  N.  W. 

Calm 

Calm 

Sept 

ember,  1859 

.—Mean  poeilion:  Lat.  58°. 9  N. ;  long.  40°. 9  W. 

Variation. 

DATS. 

4h. 

8h. 

Noon. 

4'i. 

8h- 

Midn't. 

1 

2  E.  N.  K. 

4  E.  N.  E. 

2  N.  N.  E. 

2N. 

3  N.  W. 

.I  N.  W. 

73°  W. 

2 

6  N.  N.  W. 

7  N.  N.  W. 

7  N.  W. 

(i  N.  N.  W. 

«  N.  N.  W. 

7  N.  N.  W. 

72 

3 

6  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  N.  W. 

4  N.  N.  W. 

3  N.  W. 

2  8.  8.  E. 

2  8.  W. 

fi.') 

4 

4  S.  S.  \V. 

4  a.  W. 

4  8.  W.  by  S. 

.-I  a.  a.  w. 

r.  a. 

fi  a.  bv  W. 

fi2 

6 

6  S.  K.  by  S. 

7  a.  K.  by  8. 

7  a.  8.  W. 

7  8. 

3  W.  8.  W. 

2  W.  .S.  W. 

UO 

6 

7 

1  S.  W.  by  S. 

1  a.  w.  by  a. 

n  a.  w.  by  8. 

4  a.  s.  w. 

4  a.  8.  w. 

4  8.  W.  by  W. 
!)  W.  N.  W. 

fiO 

3  W. 

3  W. 

3  W.  by  N. 

5  W. 

3  W. 

.15 

8 

Calm 

2N.  E. 

3  N.  E. 

4  N.  E. 

5  N.  N.  E. 

7  N. 

r,4 

9 

7  N.  by  W. 

8  N.  N.  W. 

8N.W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

6  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

53 

10 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

4  W.  N.  W. 

r>  w.  N.  w. 

fi  W.  N.  W. 

fi  W.  N.  W. 

52 

11 

7  W.  N.  W. 

7  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

50 

12 

7  W.  S.  W. 

7  8.  W. 

« 8.  a.  w. 

5  a.  w. 

6  W.  S.  W. 

."i  w.  a.  W. 

48 

13 

3  S.  S.  W. 

3  8. 

4  a.  w. 

4  a.  w. 

6  8.  W. 

7  8.  W. 

4fi 

14 

7  ti.  S.  W. 

OS.  w. 

6-7  W.  S.  W. 

7  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

7  W.  N.  W. 

43 

16 

7  \V.  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

8  N.  W. 

40 

16 

7  N.  W.  by  N. 

(i  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  N.  W. 

5  N.  N.  E. 

2  N.  E. 

1  N.  E. 

35 

17 

5  S.  S.  W. 

5  S.  8.  W. 

4  a.  8.  W. 

0  a.  a.  w. 

0  8.  a.  W. 

fi  S.  8.  W. 

32 

18 

6  S.  S.  W. 

«  8.  W. 

2  W. 

«  8.  W.  by  S. 

G  8.  W.  by  S. 

5W. 

*  Steamed  out  of  Port  Kennedy. 

.1 


'^ 


"V 


'  iri 


'■,:4 


62 


RECORD  AND   DISCUSSION 


i  "' 


iI/<,'//(OfZr//i'«7«c//o?;.— The  method  of  roJuction  used  is  the  same  as  that  cm- 
ployed  in  tlie  discussion  of  Kane's  observations— it  is  by  Lambert's  improved 
ibrmuha,  so  as  to  include  the  velocity  of  the  wind,  and  not  the  relative  frequency 
alone.  It  is  given  in  its  outline  in  the  article  "  Meteorology,"  in  the  Sth  edition 
of  the  Encyclopa3dia  Britaimica. 

Let  Oj  O.Oj be  the  angles  which  the  directions  of  the  wind  make  with 

the  meridian  (true),  reckoned  round  the  horizon,  according  to  astro  lomical  usage, 
from  tlie  south,  westward  to  300°,  a  direction  corresponding  to  that  of  the  rotation 
of  the  winds  in  the  northern  hemisphere  j  and  i\  v.>i\i its  respective  veloci- 
ties, which  may  be  supposed  expressed  in  miles  per  hour;  and  let  the  observations 
be  made  at  equal  intervals  (for  instance,  hourly).  Adding  up  all  velocity-numbers 
referring  to  the  same  wind  during  a  given  period  (say  one  month),  and  representing 

these  quantities  by  *,  r,  ,«, ,  the  number  of  miles  of  air  transferred  bodily 

over  the  place  of  observation  by  winds  from  the  southward  is  e.xpressed  by  the 
formula 

i?„  =  5,  COS  Oi  -\-  f.  COS  0..  -{-  S^COS  O3  + 

And  for  winds  fnnn  the  Avestward 

i?„  =  s,  sm  6,  +  «2  *■'"'*  0,  +  S;,  sin  0,1+ 

The  resulting  quantity  li,  and  the  angle  ^  it  forms  with  the  meridian,  is  found  by 
the  expressions 

R, 


tll£i 


E=  ^//4^  +  //,/,  and  (an  ^  =  'p- 

The  general  formuUo,  in  the  case  of  eight  principal  directions  0,  assume  the 
following  convenient  form  : — 

R,  =  (S—N)  +  (SW—NE)  ^/T—  (XW—SE)  y/J 
Ii,o  =  ( W—E)  -f-  {S  W—NE)  7h  +  (iV  SV—SE)  v/T 
Where  the  letters  aS",  aS*  TF,  W,  etc.,  represent  the  sum  of  all  velocities  during  the 
given  period,  or  the  quantity  of  air  moved  in  the  directions  S,  S  W,  W,  etc., 
respectively;  Jr„  represents  the  total  quantity  of  air  transported  to  the  northward, 
and  Ii.„  the  same  transferred  to  the  castwanl.  These  formulae,  for  practical  working, 
may  be  put  in  the  following  shape  : — 

Put     >S—N=a  aSW—NE=c 

W—E^.b  NW—SE=d 

Then 

F,  =  Ecas(p  =  a  +  0.707  (c— (/) 

B,„  =  R  s!n  <?)  =  6  -(-  0.707  (c-^d) . 
Since  E„  Ji,..,  7?,  represents  the  quantity  of  air  passed  over  during  the  given 
period  in  the  direction  0°,  t)0°,  <^°,  respectively,  we  must,  in  order  to  find  the  mean 
velocity  for  any  resulting  direction,  divide  by  n,  or  by  the  number  of  observations 
during  that  period ;  we  then  have 

•p.         R         jr  R>n  .     .        R 

V,=  —,      I ,„  =z  — ,    and  F=  — . 

A  particle  of  air  which  has  left  the  place  of  observation  at  the  commencement 
of  the  porioJ— of  a  day,  for  instance — will  be  found  at  its  close  in  a  direction  180 
4-  ^,  and  at  a  distance  of  It  miles,  equal  to  a  movement  with  an  average  velocity  of 


M 


OF  THE  DIRECTION  A  XI)  FOKCE  OP  THE  WIND 


()3 


H 


;  this  supposes  an  equal  and  parallel  motion  of  all  particles  passing  over ;  tlie 

length  of  the  path  described  by  each  can  be  found  by  the  summation  of  all  the  v's 
(for  each  hour)  during  the  period. 

The  great  variability  in  the  direction  and  force  of  the  atmospneric  motion  ren- 
ders the  taking  of  resulting  values  for  short  intervals  unnecessary,  and  a  subdivision 
of  the  reduction  into  monthly  periods  has  been  found  convenient. 

To  include  more  than  eight  directions  into  the  discussion  would  not  only  render 
it  very  tedious,  but  would  give  no  materially  increased  accuracy.  Obsorved  direc- 
tions, intermediate  of  the  eight  directions,  are  referred  to  the  nearest  principal 
dn-ectioi. ;  and  if  midway,  and  occurring  more  than  once,  thoy  are  referred  to  the 
nearest  preceding  and  following  direction  alternately. 

Tlie  winds  observed  during  July  and  August,  1857,  and  in  September,  1859, 
cannot  well  be  combined  with  the  body  of  the  observations,  and  have,  therefore, 
not  been  reduced. 

To  illustrate  the  process  of  reduction,  the  working  up  of  the  observations  for 
direction  and  force  of  tin  wind  in  the  month  of  September,  1857,  is  here  given  as 
an  example. 


Abstract  of  the  Quantity  of  Wind  referred  to  the  eight  principat.  Directions  and  observed 
IN  THE  Month  op  September,  ISol,  between  Latitudes  75°.5  and  75°  X.,  and  Longitudes 
Gio.l  AND  Gi;°  W. 

Oljsorvations  .it  4,  8, 12,  A.  M.  and  P.  M. 
(Tho  few  iutermediate  observations  on  the  last  day  of  the  month  wore  not  taken  into  aooount.) 


j              1 
Truu  ilirect'n,  '   1st.      2d. 

1  3d. 

4th.  1  5th. 

(Ith. 

7th.    8th. 

;  9th. 
;  152 

1 
10th.  11th. 

12th. 

13th.  14tU. 

15th. 

S.        ... 

... 

10 

••.; 

20 

... 

72 

15        3li 

... 

10   !      C,>i 

4 

2 

... 

!    10  :    24 

w.    .    .    . 

... 

3 

24 

48       ... 

2  i     ... 

31 

28 

42 

1 

S.  w.     .    . 

t 

1 

,,, 

6'! 

H 

!     14 

1 

10 



...  1    17 

17 

24 

1 

N.  K.       .     . 

... 

... 

*•• 

1 

I  1" 

r 

...  i     ... 

4 
4 
I 

15 

N.  W.     ,     . 

s 

1 

1 

.>• 

10 

...  1     ... 

"4!     ■■■ 

S.  E.       .     .       10 

io 

27 

8 

;    10 

42 

104  1     24 

24 

9(1 

Sum  .     .     .       27       22 

« 

103 

17 

54 

117 

224     17S  j     41      149 

!    ^' 

59  ;  132 

1 

True  liirect'n.  '  16th. 

nth. 

1      1 

18th.  i:)th.  20th. 

! 
21at. '  22d. 

23d.    24th.  25th.,2iith. 

27th. 

2Sth. 

29th. 

30th. 

Sums. 

385 

8(1 

S.        ...  S      ... 

N.       .     .     .1     ... 

"2 

"s 

"9 

"s 

"4       '.'.'. 

... 

...  1     .. 
...   !      4 

io  1 

"ii 

...  ! 

4 

i;« 

... 

... 

90  j    49 

... 

4 

' 

S.M 

a.  w.    .    . 

1.) 

... 

... 

... 

...  j     ... 

io 

n  1 

4 

... 

... 

258 

N'.  K.      .     . 
N.  W.     .     . 

4 
2 

27 

28 
10 

4 

44 

11      121 

13 

6U 
31  j 

0 

57 

40 

rl 

... 

i'i 

70 

153 
4X2 

1 

... 

1 

... 

... 

35G 

Sum  .    .    .  ;    irt 

1 

(j;i  :   47  t   Tio 

1                  ; 

111      1711        13        117 

59  !     4S 

1 

tj^ 

9   i      U 

70 

Mhi 

liy  preceding  forn 

luUu  we  find- 

.- 

c  =  ...145 

( 

).7  (c-d)  =  —190 

/ 

•»=  +109 

d=  .f  120 

' 

).7  (c+d)  =_  13 

7( 

,;.=    +    83 

c_rf  =  _2n 

a  =  +299 

7i 

'  =  +137 

C-J   fi 

■■■■  — 

19 

b   : 

=  + 

9G 

f 

ss 

JT'^ 

equivalent  tu  u  resulliug  direction  of  tlie  wind  S.  W.  ^  S 


X.  -I 


V 


kl 

»  ■ 


'»*:1 


n: 


RECORD  AND  DISCUSSION 


The  following  table  shows  the  velocity-numbers  for  each  of  the  principal  eight 
winds,  as  well  as  the  resulting  direction  of  the  wind,  for  each  month  between  Sept. 
1857,  and  Aug.  1859,  as  deduced  by  application  of  the  preceding  formula). 


]S57-'58. 
True  direction. 


SKrTf:jiBBn. 

Menn 
Lilt.     7.')'.,3 
Long.  i')^).0 
0  ol),-(.  a  (liiv. 


OcTonEn. 

Menu 

Lnt.     75^2 

Long.  fi7.9 

12  ob:*.  a  (liiy. 


NOVKMBER. 

Mean 
Lnt.     74°, 8 
Long.  HO.l 
12  oha,  a  day. 


Mean 
Lnt.     71  '.3 
Long.  07. 't 
12  obs.  a  (biy. 


S.  . 
N.  . 
W.     . 

!•:.     . 
s.  w. 
x.  !•:. 
X.  w. 

S.  K. 


HS.'i 
■Mi 

s 


24i; 

lli8 
47ij 
377 
21  li 

i;i:8 

1327 

!m;8 


37" 


17ii^ 


22(1 

0 

1121 

1187 
7011 
417 

iMi; 

1024 


44it 
331 
388 
21 
13.'i 
174 
203(j 
UiiO 


!I8=' 


124=' 


Janlabt. 

Mean 
Lat.     7.'!  '.2 
LonR.  fi;).7 
12  ob.s.  a  day. 


FKDIlUAItr. 

Menn 
Lnt.     71°. 5 
Long.  C0.9 
12  obs.  a  day. 


14,''> 
,''i31 
«!t3 
118 
il3 
lil2 
21104 

ir.i 


124 

2381 

151 

1 

27 

233 

31132 

38ti 


13P 


104° 


IS.'iS. 
True  directii 


Mauco. 

Menn 
Lat.     (I!l\4 
Li.n^'.  51I.1 
12  ob:J.  a  dnv. 


April. 
Mean  Lnt.  no.  0,  Long.  .17°." 


May. 


s 

.\. 

.  .  .  . 

w 

.     .   .   . 

w.   .  .  . 

X. 

w.      .    . 

.s. 

K.  .  .  . 

31)5 
14(15 
137 
23!) 
3(11 
304 
3112 
7il4 


Menn 

,    Lat.     lis '.7 
From  lst-17thF'ni  l.Sth-.Sillli     Long.  ,'j:i.7 
12  ubs.  a  day.     6  obs.  a  day.  ;  (i  ob«.  a  day. 


JlNE. 

Mean 

Lat.     74 '.fi 
Long.  Cn.l 
fi  ol)i!.  n  day. 


July. 

Mean 
Lnt.     74°.4 
Long.  7(1.4 
(i  ob.s.  a  day. 


AuausT. 

Menn 
Lat.     7.'i°.l 
Long.  88.5 
6  obn.  a  day. 


(I 

33il() 

51 

f,.j 

2,3 

24(1 

1135 

0 


105 

41 1; 

33 

0 

255 

57 
4l)il 
215 


221 
138 
1 
251 
131 
424 
487 
5U3 


83 
12(i 

48 
311 

35 

82 
457 
238 


11 

130 
119 
154 

3(18 
4(>0 
383 
l(i5 


22 
135 
785 
331 
331 
301 
814 
477 


149=" 


IG.l" 


2«4'> 


224° 


172- 


114° 


Port  Kennehy.     1858-' J9. 
True  direotiun. 

S , 

X 

w 

v. 

s.  w 

X.  !•; 

X.  w 

S.  K 

f 


September. 
6  ob.s,  a  day. 


October.        November,      DErEJiBER. 
0  obs.  a  day.    12  oha  a  day.  '  12  obs.  a  day. 


Jasbary. 
12  obs.  a  ilay. 


134 
1(17 
1071 
27 
5  (13 
41(5 
7'.)(i 
3(111 


85 

0 

0 

0 

38 

21 

10 

3(19 

59 

100 

773 

200 

25 

4 

0 

0 

87 

0 

199 

0 

1512 

2193 

780 

4(10 

2132 

4610 

3721 

440(1 

DO 

17 

10 

0 

99° 


lUO" 


160° 


13U° 


142° 


February. 
12  obs.  a  day. 


1 

0 

11C9 

0 

49 

444 

33311 


129° 


Pout  Kenskdv, 

True  direction 


1859. 


j      March. 

I  12  ob.s.  a  day. 

j  The  numhiTS 

lor  (he  lut  4 

days  were 

doubled. 


April. 

^  obs.  a  day. 
The  two  odd 
hour.s  were 
treated  lilie 
even  hours. 


S I  0 

X 0 

W 268 

K I  0 

S.  W 4 

X.  I-: I  1234 

X.  W i  2152 

s.  !•; I  0 

<;> i  159° 


0 

103 

308 

34 

212 

1341 

313 

20 


190° 


May. 

0  obs.  a  day. 
Odd  and  even 
hours  treated 

alike.        j 


June. 

fi  obs.  a  day.  : 

Odd  ntid  even  ^ 

hours  treated  I 

alilte. 


-L 


July. 

12  obs.  a  day. 

Numbers  for 
the  llrst  4i 
days  were 
driubled. 


August. 
8  obs.  a  day. 


0 

33 

1245 

0 

0 

282 

859 

0 


0 

58 

270 

9 

1 

547 

1888 

1 


1 

48 

233 

159 

5(13 

1438 

3027 

14 


83 
30 
509 
085 
59 
008 
715 
235 


117° 


140' 


151° 


197° 


I 


'i 


I 


OF  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND. 


65 


The  above  results  for  the  resulting  direction  of  the  wind  In  each  month,  when 
expressed  to  the  nearest  half  point,  are  contained  in  the  following  table  :— 


Fii-.«t 


year. 


18,'57 


1.S58 


Sciitomber  . 

.     .      S.  W.  :T  S. 

October 

.     N.  A  W. 

November   . 

.      W.  3  X. 

December    . 

.     N.  ^V.  by  W. 

January 

.     N.  AV.  i  W. 

Fcbniury 

.     N.  \.  W.  \  W 

.Alnrcli     .     . 

.     X.  N.  W.  f  W 

A  ])ril      .     . 

■     N.  N.  AV.  3  X. 

May       .     . 

.     E.  i  X. 

Juiio       .     . 

.     N.  E. 

July        .     . 

.    X.  "(  w. 

August   .     . 

.    w.:s.\v. 

RESuiiTiNo  Direction  of  the  Wind. 


1858 


Second  year 


1859 


September  . 

.     \V.  a  N. 

October 

.     N.  by  W. 

Xovember    . 

.     N.  N.  W.  i  X. 

December    . 

.     N.  AV. 

January 

.     N.  AV.  -f  N. 

February 

.     X  AV.  i  W. 

March     .     . 

.     N.  N.  AV. 

April      .     . 

.     X.  X.  E.  i  N'. 

May        .     . 

.     W.  N.  AV.  i  N 

Juno       .     . 

.     N.  AV.  by  X. 

July        .     . 

.     X.  N.  AV.  i  AV. 

Augu.4   .     . 

.     X.  X.  E.  i  X. 

For  the  combination  of  the  monthly  results  to  quarterly,  half-yearly,  and  yearly 
results,  we  have  to  double  the  numbers  for  A',  and  it'.,  for  all  months  in  which  but 
0  observations  a  day  were  taken,  in  order  to  make  them  correspond  to  the  numbens 
lor  the  other  months  in  whiuh  12  observations  a  day  were  recorded;  the  latter 
number  of  observations  having  been  adopted  as  standard.  The  numbers  in  the 
second  column  for  April,  1858,  were  doubled  and  added  to  the  corresponding  num- 
bers in  column  one,  before  the  formula  was  applied.  ° 

The  following  table  contains  the  resulting  values  for  E,  and  R^  as  they  resulted 
(or  111  part  were  referred  to)  from  bi-hourly  observations:— 


JIoii(h. 

^''.v            i             /',„ 

Wunlh. 

«. 

Il„. 

1857  S^iitumlier 
Octuljur    . 
Novombur 
Di'ceniher 

1858  .I.-uuiiiry    . 
Febniiiry 
M.'.rili       . 
April    .     . 

4    ".18 

—  432 

—  1.17 

—  872 
— 23,'-2 
—4(173 
-2(174 
—.1059 

—  9(1 

—  374 

—  (184 

—  (1.1(1 

+   l(i(! 
+     31 
+1207 
+  13((3 
+2733 
+2278 
+1581 
+1388 
—1058 
—  370 
+  10(3 
+1422 

1858  Sopteiiiber 
Outober     . 
November 
Doceiiiber 

1859  .I.iuu.Try    . 
Fubru.arv 

!               March    "  . 

Aiti'il 

—  458 
—47(10 
—4771 
— 3((14 
—3775 
— 2(109 
—23(17 
—2188 
-1(1(14 
—3522 
—27(19 
—1334 

+2S92 
+  932 
+1782 
+29(14 
+29(52 
+322(i 
--  933 

M.ay     .     . 

M.iy     .     . 

—  (130 
+3298 

July     .     . 
August     . 

i                    .IllllO      ,       . 

.Tuly     .     . 

+2412 
+  1571 
—  448 

August     . 

■  ■,'1-'  i 


t%,. 


I  I--' 


HE  CORD   AND   DISCUSSION 


Kesultinu  Dikection  of 

niE  Wind 

IN   THE  HIFFEUENT  SEASONS  OF  THE  YeAU. 

Ronson. 

2A-, 

^ii,n 

»               Direction, 

Moan  Int. 

Moan  long. 

I'-'ij            Autumr.       .... 

l^.'iT-'.'iS     AViiitor        .... 

IsriS            t^priiin          .... 

"               Suiiimor      .... 

—  ;i7i 

—  71127 

—  7H2!I 

—  1714 

4-  14(»4 
4-  tl.')14 
4-  1!»U 

4-  iir.s 

1'!.'."=  W.  l.y  N.  \  N. 
142        N.  W.  ",  N.' 
1117         N.  l.v  W. 
14(!         N.  W.  l.y  N. 

7.'-.°.l  N. 
73.0 
<i8.0 
74.0 

07°.3  W. 
ti4.0 
0(i.8 
75.0 

Winter  liiilf.     Novonilpcr  April    . 
i^iininior  lialf,  May-Ootiilicr 

— I5S17 
—  2li24 

4-](M!MI 
+     2!17 

147"  =  N.  W.  l.y  N. 
172        N.  ■;  W. 

71.5 
73.4 

(i3.0 
(!S.(i 

l(*ri7-'58     Year 

— 17S41 

+10787 

4-  .MUlli 

4-  !iir>2 
4-  :ii!oi 
4-  :i.'-i;i,'-> 

149°  =  N,  N.  W.  J  W. 

l.irssN.  N,  W.  i  W. 
]:il!        N.  W. 
ir.O        N.  N.  W.  J  w. 
Ifjii        N.  N.  W. 

72.S 

65.8 

li-.^S           Antumn      .... 

l.'^riS-','')!)     Winter         .... 

l>-.'ii)            Spring          .... 

"               t^umnier       .... 

—  !1!tSi> 

—  IKiim 

—  i;2i!) 

Port  Kennedy, 
I.iit.     72^.0  N. ; 
Long.  W/i  W. 

Winter  Ii.ilf,     Niivcnilier-A|)iil    . 
i^uninier  half,  Miiy-Oi'luhor 

— 1S724 

— i4r)(i7 

4-li2:i7 
4-nM;rj7 

1411"  =N.  N.  W.  :|  \V. 

144         N.  W.  l.y  N. 

^^,'lS-•,V)     Year 

— :i;i2:)i 

4-21894 

147  "  =  N.  W.  l.y  N. 

At  Tort  Konnodj-,  tlio  resulting  diiootioii  of  (he  wiml  is  roinitrkiil)ly  constant  for 
the  .sovoral  season.^,  and  tlio  dillcrcncos  with  tiio  conrsponding  values  for  BiifTin 
Bay  are  also  small,  the  final  direction  for  the  two  localities  being  practically  iden- 
tical. 

For  further  comparison,  I  add  a  table  showing  the  resulting  (true)  direction  of 
the  wind  for  BafTin  l?My  (lat.  72°.5  N.,  long.  tl.J°.S  W.),  Vaii  Rensselaer  Harbor' 
(lat.  78°.G  N.,  long.  7U°.'J  W.),  and  Port  Kennedy  (lat.  72°.0  N.,  long.  <J4°.2  W.) 

So.ison . 

Autumn  .... 

AVinter  .... 

Spring  .... 

Summer  ,        .        ,        . 

'^''•-'^ .149  Ife  m 

These  numbers  show  that  the  wind  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  is  rather  anoma- 
lous in  its  direction  when  compared  with  either  of  the  two  more  .southern  stations, 
the  resulting  directions  being  S.  by  W.  i  W.,  whereas  at  Baffin  Bay  and  Port 
Kennedy,  it  is  N.  W.  by  N.  i  N. 

Averoje  Vdocit//  of  (he  RcmUing  H7//(7.— We  find  thr-  average  velocity  of  the 
resulting  wind  by  dividing  the  quantity  R  by  tiie  actual  number  of  observations 
(exclusive  of  calms).  This  velocity,  on  account  of  the  neutralization  of  the 
op[)osing  winds,  is  necessarily  smaller  than  the  average  velocitv  of  the  winds. 


Bnffln  Hay. 

Vttu 

Uoussi'lner  Harbor. 

Port  Kennedy 

106" 

22° 

1510 

142 

mk 

136 

ll!7 

m 

150 

14(; 

mk 

156 

'  See  my  discussion  of  the  winds  in  the  Fimithsoninn  C.intriliutions  to  Knowli'dge,  Vol.  XI.  Mc- 
tforological  Observations  in  the  Airtio  Seas,  hy  E.  K,  Kiuie,  U.  S  N.,  p.  77.  It  is'ta  he  remnrlied 
that,  according  to  Mr.  Sonntag  and  Dr.  Hayes,  the  true  direction,  and  mt  tlie  magnetic  direction,  was 
observed  at  Van  llcnsstlaer  Harbor— a  .statement  otiierwi.e  cunlirined  in  (he  dlM-ussion  of  tihe  winds  at 
that  station  ;  a  corroc))onding  change  of  the  results  is  tiiercfore  to  l)e  made.     [S.J 


M 


OF  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND.  07 

Thus,  for  September,  1857,  we  found  R  =  137,  and  n  =  number  of  olj^ervations 
(minuH  calm.s)  =  170,  hence  V=  0.8.  Tlie  following  table  contains  the  quantities 
for  each  month,  season,  and  the  whole  year.  The  numbers  ibr  April,  1858,  wore 
changed  so  as  to  refer  to  12  daily  observations  througliout.  A  similar  remark 
applies  to  March,  1859,  and  to  July,  1859. 


3867 


1858 


Mean  Velocity,  in  Mn,Es  per  hour,  op  the  Resultinci  Wind. 


Septemlicr 
<)i!t()I)t!r  . 
Nf)vt*inl»('r 
DncfjiiilnT 
.Taiinixry  . 
Kwliiiiary 

M.TIIill 

April  .  . 

Miiy     .  . 

.Iiino    .  . 

July    .  . 

August  . 


It 


r.Vi 

4:):t 

1217 

ISliS 
■MM 

:,]<y.i 
KIII7 
.'■,24ii 

r,;u 

2(13 

:i4(; 

7Mi 


170 

;i49 

.'iliS 
■M7 

HIT) 

:i7o 

■Mil 
]r;2 

mii 
ii;i 


(I.K 

i.ii 

3.« 

4.4 

1(1.0 

i«.r) 

H.4 

1.^.0 

,3.5 

1.7 

2.2 
4.!l 


18,'',8 


1859 


R 

n 

Snptomlifir    .     .     . 

14(14 

17(i 

Oclnhitr    . 

;     2425 

17!l 

Nnvcmtjor 

1     5(l!»3 

322 

I)(!(M!inlM>r 

1     4227 

320 

.lanuary  . 

47:is 

332 

I'f'hrnary 

•     41411 

2113 

Mnn:)i       . 

!     254.'; 

2i;o 

April   .     . 

1     113!) 

152 

May    .     . 

:     1847 

1.54 

Juno   .     . 

'     2135 

155 

July    .     . 

'    31 S4 

332 

August     . 

7(14 

l(i7 

8.3 

13.5 

15.8 

13.2 

14.4 

14.2 

0.8 

7.5 

12.0 

13.8 

!).« 

4.2 


V  in  Autumn 
"     M'intur  . 
"     Spring  . 
"     SumuiLT 

I'for  the  year 
At  Van  Rensselaer,  the  annual  mean  was  V 


=  Uy. 


Bumn  Diiy. 

p 

jrt  Kcnncily 

1.9 

12.5 

10.3 

13,9 

9.0 

9.8 

2.9 

9.2 

CO 


11.4 


Average  Velnclhj  of  the  WmJs.—ThQ  average  velocity  with  which  cacli  of  the 
eight  principal  winds  passes  over  the  place  of  ob,-;ervation  in  each  month,  season, 
and  whole  year,  is  found  by  dividing  the  sum  of  the  velocity-numbers  of  each  wind 
by  the  number  of  entries  in  the  period;  thus,  for  the  month  of  September,  1857, 
we  have — 


Truo  direction  of  the  winil. 

s.  w.  . 

w.  . 

N.  W.  . 

N. 

N.  E.  . 

E-  .        . 

S.  E,  . 


f  velocities.       I 

lumber  of  entries. 

Mean  velocity 

385 

20 

19.2 

8 

2 

4.0 

354 

29 

ms 

482 

47 

%m 

86 

18 

m 

153 

14 

mm 

268 

22 

11.7 

356 

18 

MA 

Sum 


2082 


170 


rar.8 


The  following  table  shows  tlie  mean  velocity  of  the  winds,  expressed  in  miles 
per  hour,  for  each  month  of  observation : — 


•'1 


'U 


G8 


RECORD   AND   DISCUSSION 


Year. 

True 
direction. 

ca 

p 
a 

g 

. 

>^ 

lA 

to 

s 

s 

u 

Ih 

a 

i 

i 

•-5 

(4 

« 

<! 

•'• 

1-5 

►:> 

•< 

w 

O 

» 

Q 

>< 

S. 

n.4 

0.5 

IH.O 

2(;.i» 

18.4 

10.0 

2.2 

5.5 

19.2 

10.4 

11.5 

11.0 

12.5 

s.  w. 

r..8 

3.0 

12.9 

Is. 5 

0.9 

3.2 

11.9 

17.4 

4.0 

7.1 

10.7 

4.5 

10.6 

m 

w. 

1S.4 

G.9 

<i.7 

8.1 

1.0 

9.0 

6.7 

23.1 

12.2 

9.9 

20.0 

10.0 

13.9 

i-t 

N.  W. 

22.3 

2!).0 

23.4 

20.9 

16.8 

9.3 

12.0 

20.3 

10.3 

11.5 

10.0 

15.2 

18.8 

ii 

N. 

11.8 

23.1 

21.5 

33.2 

17.3 

0.3 

13.0 

19.3 

4.7 

7.7 

8.5 

20.0 

ay 

N.  E. 

0.0 

11. « 

7.2 

84 

13.3 

4.7 

19.3 

13.7 

11.0 

18.1 

13.0 

5.6 

11.0 

■^ 

K. 

5.4 

1.0 

10.9 

13.0 

22.8 

15.5 

9.0 

20.7 

11.7 

8.7 

19.0 

10.5 

13.9 

S.  E. 

4.1 

24.1 

21.8 

19.5 

10.4 

10.3 

0.0 

ls.4 

i::.8 

20.2 

25.6 

16.1 

10.8 

Meau 

14.1 

22.0 

18.3 

23.0 

14.8 

9.2 

11.2 

20.0 

12.3 

12.6 

17.7 

11.7 

10.0 

S. 

1.0 

'." 

'.T 

"T' 

1.0 

11.9 

13.4 

21.2 

13.2 

^ 

S.  \V. 

24.5 

4.0 

30.3 

1.0 

15.1 

11.8 

18.2 

12.4 

11.7 

10.2 

■■T 

W. 

is.l 

IG.fl 

15.2 

i(;.2 

22.0 

21.2 

1T.9 

10.4 

23.8 

8.4 

17.7 

25.7 

lll.G 

N.  W. 

17.2 

19.2 

22.2 

1(1.4 

15.0 

24.8 

1,S7 

21.0 

23.4 

28. 0 

22.7 

i9.2 

20.4 

C/J 

N. 

111.8 

8.(i 

3.0 

7.3 

12.0 

7.5 

16.7 

12.7 

10.5 

10.0 

11.7 

cn 

N.  E. 

12.5 

9.9 

9.1 

15.0 

8.1 

10.3 

18.1 

14.8 

10.7 

22.5 

20.3 

10.8 

14.. i 

K. 

8.5 

3.0 

8.2 

21.4 

13.5 

12.5 

4.0 

15.1 

y.  E. 

1.0 

0.5 

1.0 

1.7 

18.1 

18.4 

0.9 

17.0 

10.0 

12.S 

Mt'.'iii 

lli.5 

17.1 

14.  (i 

15.4 

15.7 

18.0 

17.1 

17.5 

2n.o 

22.5 

21.7 

17.2 

17.8 

In  the  first  year,  while  in  BaiTin  Bay,  the  velocity  of  the  wind  was  greatest  in 
the  months  of  February  and  March,  and  least  in  the  months  of  June  and  July ;  in 
the  second  year,  at  Port  Kennedy,  it  was  greatest  in  October  and  November,  and 
least  in  March  and  April.  In  Bfifiin  Bay,  during  1857, 'o8,  the  N.  W.  and  N. 
winds  blew  with  the  greatest  strength,  and  the  S.  W.  and  N.  E.  with  the  least ; 
whereas,  in  the  following  year,  at  Port  Kennedy,  it  was  the  W.  and  N.  W.  wind 
which  blew  strongest,  and  the  N.  and  S.  E.  which  blew  with  the  least  force.  The 
mean  velocity  of  each  of  tlie  eight  winds  is  shown  in  the  annexed  diagram,  which 
contains  also,  for  comparison,  the  velocity  of  the  winds  as  observed  at  Van  Rensse- 
laer Harbor. 

The  velocity  of  the  wind  being 
only  estimated  at  each  place,  the 
apparently  small  velocities  at  Van 
Rensselaer  Harbor  may,  in  a  mea- 
sure, be  due  to  a  different  scale  of 
estimating,  although  the  great  num- 
ber of  calms  seems  to  point  to  their 
reality. 
—  E.  We   have   ne.vt   to   consider    the 

relative  frequency  of  each  wind ;  for 
this  purpose  it  is  only  necessary  to 
refer  the  number  of  entries,  n,  of 
each  wind,  oa  used  in  the  preceding 
computation  for  the  velocity,  to  an 
equal  number  of  hours  of  observation 
for  each  mont  J.  This  has  been  done 
by  simple  proportion,  and  the  num- 


t.M 


UU8    kH    HOUR. 


OF   THE   DIRECTION   AND   FORCE   OF   THE    WIND. 


(19 


bers  were  all  referred  to  twelve  observations  a  da.y;  thus,  tbe  iiiimbors  of  entries, 
lor  all  months  of  six  observations  a  dny,  have  iill  been  doublud.  The  following 
table  contains  the  relative  frofjuency  of  each  wind : 


True 
direction. 


s. 

s.  w. 
w. 

N.  W. 
N. 

N.  E. 
K. 
S.  K. 


i 


e 

.a 


27 
1« 

,14 

i:in 

41 

32  i 
•'2  i 
37     i 


li) 

9 

22 

125 

2(1 

1 

l(i 


22 
2S 
20 
133 
fis 
42 
22 
35 


8 
2(i 
13 

lor. 

I  125 
I     44 

I     22 


Calm 


21 


11 


Sum  aud  check 


24 

10 

38 

22 

2 

10 

58 

!)8 

IG 

40 

fi4 

34 

22 

40 

10 
(J2 
31) 
114 
2(1 
4S 
32 
48 


70 


48 


50 


8 
3S 
«8 
(i2 
14 
44 
32 
50 


40 
4 
58 
!I4 
3i; 
28 
44 
3(i 


15 
30 
48 
115 
14 
37 
43 
48 


a 


y. 


JO 
42 
5(i 
115 
0 
32 
35 
40 


41 

243 

30 

345 

3n 

42li 

134 

1233 

31) 

520 

31 

45(> 

2 

2!U1 

41 

503 

20 


21 


15 


372    j  33(i     I  372 


358        3(Jt)     1  3iiO     i  370 


3ti8       3U0     I  372    :  3(J0     j  372 


St* 


s. 

s.  w. 
w. 

N.  W. 

N. 

N.  E. 
K. 
S.  E. 


Calm 


Sum  and  cliwck 


0 

0 
11 

25(1 

22 

37 

0 

0 


341 


(19 

174 

0 

45 

0 

2 


44 


43 


370 


33(i 


0 

0 

19 

100 
0 

140 
0 
0 


0 
14 

3 

38 

24 

172 


0 

0 

0 

2 

no 

2(i 

110 

152 

18 

1(! 

70 

lOS 

0 

11 

0 

2 

1 

38 

13 

157 

4 

K8 

21 

8 


14 

20 

s 

10 

(12 

14 

62 

90 

14 

(ili 

(18 

152 

8 

20 

(! 

82 

50 

134 

(54 

4 

4 

2(1 

40 

2(J 

0 
0 

(1 

203 
2 

111" 
1 
1 


112         5il     I     (;4 


50 


42 


38 


14 


371       35S     I  372     i  3(jO    I  372     ;  370     j  3i;o 


37-J 


3(10 


0 

17 

30 

194 

1 
72 

0 

1 


43(i(i 


44 

159 
4S8 

1(17(( 
121 

11(14 
los 
114 


5(11 


3(i8 


43(19 


lu  the  ahovo  tahlo  a  few  variable  wiiuld  havu  uot  hoen  counted  in. 


In  both  localities  the  N.  W.  is  the  most  froqnent  next  to  this,  in  Baffin  Bay  the 
N.  wind,  and  at  Port  Kennedy  the  N.  E. ;  the  least  frequent  wind  in  both  seasons 
is  from  the  S.  and  E.  The  results  at  Port  Kennedy  are  remarkable  for  the  scarcity 
of  winds  from  the  S.,  E.,  and  S.  E.  This  is  most  probably  due  to  the  configuration 
of  the  surrounding  land ;  the  same  cause  may  also  explain  the  scarcity  o°f  winds 
from  the  north,  midway  between  the  most  frequent  N.  W.  and  N.  E.  winds.  The 
following  diagram  exhibits  the  relative  frequency  of  each  wind  for  the  two  locali- 
ties, to  which  has  been  added  the  result  obtained  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  (the 
numbers  for  that  harbor  refer  to  twenty-four  observations  a  day,  and  were  thcrefbre 
halfed  in  order  to  make  them  comparable  with  the  numbers  deduced  above.) 


I 


Relative  Frequency  op  the  Winds. 


True  direction. 
S. 

s.  w.  . 
w. 

N.  W. 

N. 

N.  E.  . 

E. 

S.  E.    . 

Calm   . 


Biiffin  Buy. 

243 


12.'];i 
620 
46(5 
299 
603 


Van  Rensselaer  Ilurbor. 
410 
354 
110 

3:!() 
111 

27 

.00 

411 


Port  Kennedy. 
44 


2532 


/ft- 


TO 


RECORD    AND   DISCUSSION 


Fig, 


N.    I  rnvi ) 


In  BafTin  Eay  the  calms  occur  less  frequently  than  any  of  the  eight  winds ;  at  Port 
Kennedy  they  are  more  frequent;  the  frequency  of  the  calms  at  Van  Rensselaer 

exceeds  that  at  Baffin  Bay  and  Port 
Kennedy  in  the  ratio  of  nearly  7 
and  5  respectively. 

The  preponderance  of  the  N.  W. 
and  N.  E.  wind;^  at  Port  Kennedy  is 
very  striking  on  the  diagram. 

The  quantity  of  air  which  has  been 
transferred  over  the  place  of  observa- 
tion in  a  given  period,  is  directly 
^'  proportional  to  tiie  velocity-numbers, 
or  the  number  oi  miles  travelled  over 
by  a  particle  of  air  in  any  direction 
during  the  period.  The  observations 
not  having  all  been  made  at  regular 
and  equal  intervals  of  two  hours,  the 
numbers  indicating  the  relative  quan- 
,,,,,,       ^'  tity  of  air  in  April,  1858,  March  and 

July,  looy,  were  relerred  by  smiplo 
proportion  to  twelve  observations  a 
day,  to  which  all  other  numbers  refer ;  the  number  for  all  months  of  six  observa- 
tions a  day  have  been  doubled. 


Relative 

Quantity  of  Air 

PASSED  OVER  THE 

Place  of  Observation. 

Referring  to  12  observations  a 

day. 

Year. 

True 

t 

1 

.a 

a 

a 

December. 

direction. 

a 

■-5 

V 
(4 

Marc 
April 

1-5 

s 

1-5 

to 

< 

s 

s 

1 

S5 

a 
'J 

S. 

145 

124 

305 

210 

442 

166 

22 

44 

7V0 

246 

220 

449 

3233 

^^1 

s.  w. 

Its 

27 

3(il 

B33 

2(i2 

70 

736 

662 

16 

212 

700 

135 

3807 

w. 

903 

151 

137 

127 

2 

96 

238 

1570 

708 

476 

1121 

388 

6007 

N.  W. 

2(104 

3(!32 

3112 

2133 

974 

914 

766 

1628 

964 

1327 

1846 

2036 

22236 

'.'.m 

N. 

.531 

2381 

14115 

4198 

27K 

252 

272 

270 

172 

108 

0 

331 

10256 

SiS 

N.  E. 

11)2 

233 

304 

3(i0 

848 

164 

920 

6112 

306 

668 

417 

174 

5188 

K. 

118 

1 

23i1 

52 

502 

622 

308 

6li2 

516 

377 

6S7 

21 

4105 

H.  K. 

Ifil 

38G 

7ii4 

430 

n8(i 

596 

330 

954 

712 

968 

1024 

660 

8161 

Sum 

5127 

(i!);i5 

1)777  1  8043 

4492 

2880 

3692 

6392 

4164  1  4382 

6015 

4194 

62993 

s. 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

166 

268   170 

0 

0 

606 

■■^ 

s.  w. 

0 

4i) 

4 

424 

0 

2 

563 

lis 

1126   174 

0 

199 

2659 

7? 

w. 

200 

lliiO 

288 

61« 

2490 

552 

233 

1018 

2142   118 

106 

773 

9705 

N.W. 

440« 

3336 

2152 

(i2(i 

1718 

3776 

3027 

1430 

1592  42i;4 

4610 

3721 

34658 

i-^ 

iN. 

3rt:i 

0 

0 

200 

li« 

116 

48 

60 

334  !   76 

21 

10 

1306 

S  t 

N.  E. 

4(i0 

444 

1234 

2(182 

564 

1094 

143>; 

1216 

832  3024 

2193 

T.^O 

15961 

ri^ 

K. 

0 

0 

0 

68 

0 

18 

159 

13711 

64  '       50 

4 

0 

1723 

S.  K. 

0 

2 

0 

62 

0 

2 

14 

470 

738  ;  180 

17 

10 

1485 

Sum 

5435 

5001 

3078  '  4(i74 

4«38 

5560 

5483 

5848 

7081'  ;  8056   6951 

6493 

6!:  103 

The  following  table  contains  the  comparative  values  at  Van  Rensselaer  Ilarl  or 


OF  THE  DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OF  THE  WIND. 


71 


YiVb  the  above,  the  result  at  Van  R.  having  first  been  halfed  to  refer  to  twelve 
observations  a  day. 


True  directiou. 

s. 
s.  w.  . 

AV.       . 

N.  W.  . 

N. 

N.  E.  . 

E. 

S.  E.   . 


Baffin  Bny. 

3233 

8807 

COOT 
222U6 
10256 

5188 

4105 

81GI 


Von  Rensscluor  Harbor. 
30G0 
4002 

481 
1G12 

500 

108 

336 
2000 


Sura 


G2993 


12759 


Port  Kennedy. 

COG 

2059 

9705 

34058 

1306 

15961 

1723 

1485 

C8103 


These  results  of  the  relative  quantity  of  air  moved  over  each  place  are  also 
shown  in  the  annexed  diagram. 

Owing  to  the  small  diflerenccs  in 
the  velocity  of  the  several  winds,  the 
above  diagram  of  the  quantity  of  wind 
resembles  that  of  the  frequency  of  the 
wind;?,  at  least,  in  all  its  characteristics. 

It  cannot  be  expected  that  the  rela- 
tions of  the  wind  within  the  Arctic 
Circle  should  come  out  with  any  de- 
gree of  certainty  from  but  a  single  year 
of  observation,  or  even  from  several 
years;  and  before  we  can  arrive  at 
their  true  characteristics,  we  must 
combine  results  at  different  stations  as 
well  as  in  difl'erent  years. 

Botalion  of  the  TT7«<?.— For  the  pur- 
pose of  ascertaining  the  law  of  the 
rotation  of  the  wind,  the  observations 

1^717'—  ";  f"'"^""  '"  '^"  ""'"^^^  «^  ^""«^  ^'^^  ^^-J  -■•"ved  at  each  of 
the  eight  principal  directions,  the  motion  each  tin.e  not  being  less  than  45-  and 

:tl"'  Z    T\'"  T  '"''^  "^  ^"S"^'-^^  '"«*'^»'  '»  ^  direct  and  retrograde 

sense.     The  direction  in  which  the  hands  of  a  watch   (Axce  up)  turn,  and  which 
corresponds  to  the  direct..!  of  the  rotation  of  the  wind,  according  ti  Dove    has 

'Z^Zt-^T'  "'  '^  ^"''^^^'  ^  '  +  '^"^  '''  '''"''''  ''''''''''  ''' 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  of  changes  of  the  wind,  or  the  number 

o  times  It  arrived  at  any  one  of  the  principal  directions  during  a  given  period,  and 

also  the  amount  it    b-fted,  or  its  angular  motion  expressed  in  units  of  45°      In 

making  out  these  .  •   .bors  fo.  each  wind,  not  only  the  four-hourly  series  of  obser- 

vations   but  also  t:  .   intermediate  observations  in  certain  months  were  used     After 

Tr.  "/^°^/^^«,^«»"t^"8  ^vas  commenced  anew,  and  also  in  cases  where  the  wind 
shifted  suddenlv  180°. 


:| :; 


:i 


f» 


RECOllD  AND   DISCU-SSION 


mi 


JiAFi'iN  ]5av:  Mean  Lat. 

72=5  N. ;  Mean  Lono.  G5o.8  V\^.                               1 

Cliongf «  to 

Autumn,  1857. 

WisTun,  185' 

r-8. 

)unt. 

SmiNO,  1858.             Summer,  1858. 

Year,  1857-8.     1 

Direction. 

Amount. 

Direction. 

Am 

Direction.)  Amount. 

1 

Direction. 

Amount. 

Direction. 

Amount.  1 

N. 

+      - 
A        1 

t 

2 

+ 
8 

3 

it 

1 

t 

4  1     7 

12 

t 

4 

+ 

8 

8      21 

nKtl-Iil 

N.  E. 

i;    11 

11 

yu 

11 

3 

3U 

13 

5 

5  :  25 

11 

» 

9  1  19 

22  i  31 

2S      ill 

(it) 

K. 

11    11 

mi 

lit 

tl 

1 

0 

2 

(i 

0 

17 

11 

3 

6 

n 

8 

20  !  24      52 

4(1 

s.  v.. 

13       7 

ail 

12 

fi 

4 

l(i 

13 

3 

42 

5 

12 

(i 

30 

25 

3!)      21      {Hi 

5K 

()        6 

12 

11 

8 

4 

1(1 

i) 

2 

(i 

4 

1(1 

2 

4 

1) 

f) 

13      20      35      3(1 

s.  w. 

7  ^     <l 

IV 

IS 

& 

4 

15 

13 

1(1 

5 

31 

1(! 

5 

14 

0 

"S 

27     29     72     72 

w. 

3     17 

11 

a.-) 

1 

15 

1 

42 

1 

4 

1 

8 

9 

3     10 

17 

14      3)1      23    lii2 

N.  W. 

17        7      ^4 

1!) 

U 

•^ 

15 

17 

(i 

10 

2(j 

2«  1     6     10  1  14  !   ID 

37  !  35  :  79      M 

Hum 

B.')      no   '130 

133 
3 

38 

43     !i7  {117 

48 
5 

43    153 

il!)  1  51 

B«    104    13(i 

2(12    2(18    J84   -(^5 

Kxci'ss 

,.,  ,1... 

5 

2il 

54 

"" 

5   ;    ... 

1 

■.JO 

...   j     (i  1   ...        1 

From  the  above  it  appears  that  the  direction  of  the  wind  is  sliilting  in  spring 
only  direct,  in  the  other  .seasons  it  is  retrograde;  the  total  amount  of  anguhir  mo- 
tion, liowcver,  is  balanced  (within  45°)  in  the  whole  year. 


Pou 

r  Kennedy  :  Lat 

72'.0  N.  ;  Long.  94o.2  W. 

1 

Autumn,  1>-;!!'. 

1 

Winter,  1858-9. 

Si'RiNa,  1859. 

SuUMEn,  1850. 

Yeah,  1858-0.      1 

Changes  to 

Direction. 1  Amiii.t. 

1 

I'irection. 

Amount. 

Direction. 

Amount. 

Direction. 

Amt 

unt. 

Direction. 

Amount.  1 

N. 

+  !    - 
2        1 

r    ~ 

+ 

1 

0 

+ 
1 

0 

i 



1 

t 

1 

+ :  - 

3  1     1 

t 

T    t 

3 

Tf 

7 

N.  K. 

10       4 

24  ,  t;; 

3 

1 

(J 

2 

4 

2 

11 

2 

11  1     5 

U 

8      28 

V.\ 

(!5 

V. 

K. 

3        0 

8  }     0 

1 

0        1 

0 

5 

0 

7 

0 

7 

2 

11 

fi 

1(! 

'?, 

?7 

fi 

S.  E. 

2        4 

4  i  11 

0 

1 

(1 

2 

1  ;    0 

2 

0 

3 

2 

11 

2 

fi 

7 

17 

15 

S. 

1        1 

3  i     3 

(I 

0 

0 

0 

(I  1     0 

0 

0 

1 

3 

1 

9 

f. 

4 

4 

12 

s.  w. 

0        il 

0  1  17 

0 

5 

0 

9 

0  1     2 

0 

4 

0 

fi 

0 

?0 

0 

V\ 

0 

50 

w. 

5        5 

14  1    8 

] 

14 

3 

14 

1 

9 

1 

15 

0 

13 

0 

18 

7 

41 

l'^ 

55 

N.  W. 

9      12 

17  ,  28 

2 

28 

4 

31 

7 
19 

(i 

20 

1 

7 

15 

12 

8 

Hi 

2(! 

50 

2K 

GS 

73 

Sum 

32  1  3() 

72  ;  85 

2S  1  23 

39 
8 

31 

... 

37 

37  1  40  1  07 

89  jlKJ    119 

2ii9    242 

Excosa 

...  i     4 

...  ,  13 

5 

6 

3  1  ... 

22      ... 

3 

...   j  33 

As  might  have  been  expected  from  the  peculiar  situation  of  Port  Kennedy,  and 
the  results  as  given  on  Figs.  2  and  3,  the  rotation  of  the  wind  seems  to  be  greatly 
affected  in  this  locality;  the  resulting  direction  is  retrograde,  and  the  amount 
equals  four  circumferences. 

The  following  table  contains,'  for  comparison,  the  results  of  a  similar  investigation 
of  the  rotation  of  the  winds  at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  from  Dr.  Kane's  observa- 
tions in  1853,  '54,  '55.  Seventeen  months  of  observations  (hourly)  were  discussed, 
and  the  results,  by  the  same  months  in  different  years,  were  united  into  one  mean : 
the  results  for  September,  October,  November,  December,  and  January,  have  double 
weight,  for  this  reason,  when  compared  with  the  remaining  months. 


These  results  arc  here  published  for  the  first  time. 


ijiii 


OP  THE   DIRECTION  AND  FORCE  OP  THE  WIND. 


73 


"Van  Rensselaer  llAniioB:  Lat.  78°.6  N. ;  Lono.  70°.9  W. 


Changes  to 


ACTUMK,  1853-4. 
Direotion.    Amount. 


WmTKHilSS."), '4,'5 
Direction.   Amount. 


N. 

N.  E. 
K. 

8.  E. 
S. 

s.  w. 
w. 

N.  W. 


+ 

}0 

2 

1 

3 

I  14 

20 

a 
4 


-  ,  + 
1  I  12 

1  3 
0       3 

18  I     4 
IS      18 

2  27 
4  11 
9       8 


yum 


60      f,9  I  80 


n 

2 

10 

17 

20 

G 

1 

3 


tiii 

0  I    4 

21 

33 

2S 

7 

1 

f) 


12 
24 
4.1 

2- 

h 


Pi'iuso,  IS54. 


Directiun. 


Kxcesd 


10 


(i4    120    112 


44 


Amount. 


0 

3 

12 

27 

17 

1(! 

2 

S 


SuMMEn,  1854 
Direction.;  Amount. 


Ykab,  185.1,  '4,  '5. 


70 


82 
12 


SO 


6 
0 
3 
4 
2 
0 
25 
6 

44 


(iO 
14 


Direction. 


Amount 


f)2 


228 


212 


+ 
30 
9 
B 
27 
70 
91 
4,1 
09 


342  |;i3.''. 


no 


The  result  is  in  favor  of  the  direct  motion  of  not  quite  a  circumference      The 
result  deduced  for  Baffin  Bay  agree.s  with  this  within  the  limit  of  uncertainty  of 
he  final  value  itself,  and  both  indicate  that  the  law  of  rotation  probably  docs  not 
hold  good  for  tiie.se  Iiigh  latitudes. 

Ovcurrcncc  and  Damtiou  of  Storms -'Ui^  following  table  contains  the  date 
duration  and  direction  (true),  of  all  storms  experienced  betwee.i  the  diites  of  the 
record  In  each  case  tlio  intensity  rises  to  8  (of  the  scale)  or  beyond  it,  and  there 
are  at  least  two  consecutive  entries  of  this  or  a  higher  number ;  in  other  words, 
gusts  of  wind  blowing  for  less  than  three  hours  are  not  noted. 


l*"'"-  Duration. 

1857,  Aug.  30,  31,  12I'. 
Oct.  14,  12 

"     22,  14 

"     27,  28,  8 

N'ov.  G,  7,  12 

"   n,  10 

*"     21,22,23,  30 

Dec.  5,  6,  12 

"     12,  18 

1858,  Jnn.  7,  4 

"     21,  8 

"     2;i,  s 

Feb.  I,  0 

"     9.  24 

"     IS,  i 

"     24,  32 

"     28,  fi 

♦March  3,  4,  14 

"       22,  23,  8 

"       25,  20,  27,  40 

April  3,  4,  5,  54 

"      «,  8 

"      IC,  17,  IS,  58 

*May  4,  86 

•Inly  13,  It 

Aug.  8,  28 


Direction  anil  cliangcs. 

E.  S.  E.  to  S.  S.  E.  and  S.  E. 

E.  X.  E.  to  E.  S.  E. 

N.  ^V.  to  W. 

N.  AV. 

X.  \Y. 

S.  toS.  W.,  S.  E.andS.  S.  E. 

X.  E.  toS.  R,S.,S.  W.,  andS.  S.  W. 
W.  to  X.  AV. 

X.  AV.  to  AV.  X.  W. 

X.  AV. 

X.  X.  AV. 

N.  X.  AV.  to  AV.  X.  AV. 

X.  X.  AV. 

N.  AV.  to  X.  X.  AV.  and  X.  AV. 

X. 

X.  AV.  to  X.  X.  AV.  .ind  X.  AV. 

S.  E. 

X.  E.  to  .><.  S.  AV.,  S.,  and  8.  AV. 

S.  E. 

X.  to  X.  AV.  and  X.  X.  AA'. 

N.  to  X.  AV. 

X.  AV. 

X. 

8.  S.  E.  to  S.,  N.  X.  AV.  and  N.  AV. 

X.  E. 

E.  S.  E.  to  E. 


*  In,lical..s  »turm»  in  ^i.ich  tl.o  airectiou  uf  the  wiu.l  is  completely  reversed  ;  tl.oy  belong  to  the  rot.atory  storms 
or  cyclonoB.     Two  of  tl.e.e  tnr„  from  tlu-  N.  E.  |,.  t1„.  S.  W.,  a.M  the  tl,ir,l  fron.  .1,.      .  E.  to  tl,e  N.  W. 


X: 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


1.4 


11^ 
|||M 

IIM 
1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


iV 


V 


■4^ 


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O 


'CN 


.V 


'^^% 


^<b^ 


74 


RECORD   AND    DISCUSSION 


Tn  the  year  1857-8  (Tl'iflln  Bay),  there  were  20  storms  of  an  average  durati( 


of  19  hours,  and  from  th 


*^ 


'i-4 


':^..'  ■»' 


■■■•^^i 


e  prevailing  quarters,  ahnost  to  tlic  excl 


lins  storm 


from  the  N.  W.  and  S.  E.  (true) ;  at  Van  Kenssehaer  Harbor,  tl...  ^ „  .,_.... 

quarters  were  S.  AV.  and  S.  E.  (true),  and  the  average  duration  was  7  hours;  13 


)n 
usion  of  all  others, 
le  prevail 


storms  were  recorded  during  17  months. 

Storms  Recordkd  at  Pout  Kennedy  in  1858-50. 

Bute. 

1858,  Sept.  4, 
Oct.  3, 

"     10,17, 
"     25,  21],  21, 
Nov.  2,  3, 
"     4, 
"     S, 
"      14, 
"     2S 
Dec.  4, 

"    2(;, 

"     2-!, 

1859,  Jan.  8, 

"     24,  25, 
Fob.  14, 

Fob.  28,aiul  Marclil, 
March  11, 

"     n, 

April  23, 

April  30,  andMayl, 

June  1,  2, 

July  11, 

There  were  22  storm.'^  in  the  second  year,  almost  all  from  the  N.  W.,  with  a  few 
from  the  N.  E.,  but  not  a  single  one  from  either  S.  W.  or  S.  E. 

As  in  Baffin  Bay,  storms  are  more  frequent  in  the  winter  and  autumn  than  in 
summer. 

Five  of  the  storms  were  accompanied  by  sudden  falls  of  the  barometer;  they  are 
the  more  remarkable  ones,  and  have  been  ilhii-tratod  by  diagrams,  showing  the 
hour,  direction,  and  force  of  wind,  and  reading  of  the  aneroid  barometer.  Of  these 
five,  the  storms  of  January  21,  and  March  3,  4,  1858,  are  perhaps  the  most 
interesting;  in  each  case  the  barometer  fell  over  one  inch.  During  the  storm  of 
May  4,  1858,  the  barometer  was  not  much  afl'ected. 


Diiniliim. 

Direction  ami  changes. 

8"- 

^\^ 

8 

N.  K. 

21 

W.  \.  W.  to  N.  W. 

48 

X.  E.  to  N.  .\.  E.,  X.  N.  AV.,  and  N.  W 

10 

X.  W.  to  N.  X.  AV. 

21) 

W.  X.  W. 

4 

X.  \V. 

4 

X.W. 

H 

X.  X.  E.  to  X.  X.  W   iiiid  X.  E. 

6 

X.  w. 

4 

X.  w. 

4 

N.  W. 

4 

X.  W. 

10 

X.  W. 

4 

AV.  X.  \y. 

2S 

AV.  X.  AV. 

86 

X.  AV.  to  \y.  X.  AV.  and  X.  AV. 

4 

X.  AV 

12 

X.  E. 

20 

AV. 

28 

N.  X.  AV.  to  N.  AV. 

4 

N.  E. 

'JO.      ?9'a        \ny 

1 — — 1 1 — i 1 1 — I — : — ' 

30*                                           31-' 

■ 

4 

^  .   .  ^. 

48         .        4!,';1eS^ 

- 

10 

/~\ 

- 

MCltJ 

\ 

\-~.-./'^ 

..-^'      \ 

^V>        '"                 X    ~ij 

S     =     a    «     u- 

^..!^,"....    '■ 

.._. 

'■ 

--       _      cj      _.      -* 

♦        rt        M        Ift        T- 

r<      CD     (x>     <i>      in 

. 

(OKI 
1 1  _t 1-  _ 

«     DIRCCTS      OF 

WIND. 

" 

OF   THE   rHUECTIOX   A  x\  D   FORCE   OF   THE   WIN 


D. 


to 


1 

jct.       21'-'      m.- 

4      8      .;      4     g 

5     4     0    i£    4 

— T — 1 — r— T — 
8     J      4      B      . 

i7 

^\ 

\ 

^x./ 

(', 

LU        UJ         UJ 
CO       CO        W         tJ        u. 

^       Lri        •#=         OJ        IT 

Fo^ct  i 

! 1 1 1 

UJ      Ui      >      ^     ^ 

a:     i:     :ai    5    ^ 

•J^     u)     cr>    en    a; 

OiRtC"!   OF  WIHO 

1 1 L— ] 

>  S    3    5     - 

>  CO      1^      crt 

in;      (d      n-     c^       - 

11.1 

NOV.  I        223    1857 

t     D    I     4     e    ,.    4     3 


n 1 r- 


'"K- 


4     3 


\ 


\ 


/ 


LJ 

LJ        U 

1. 

-^ 

N 

ui     S 

— 

j: 

iO 

w 

CO         M 

'^ 

w       c. 

cr. 

CT 

01 

■n 

ai     ^ 

rj'-cc 

£ 

DIIU 

rv 

OF 

wm 

. 

■  -  1      —I 

20'^ 

1KB 

1" 

— _ 

iiy   , 

i 

^    4       8 

*     ■" 

8      ,      4 

8      , 

4      8    S    1 

s 

e 

z 

30 

\ 

^ 

__ 

incurs 

\ 

■_^ 

- 

\ 

/ 

■ 

\ 

/ 

/ 

. 

\. 

,/ 

r 

85 

UJ      UJ 

UJ      UJ 

UJ            S 

3 

ei     1--1 

=^     a- 

=;        z 

5!       i 

5  ^  ^ 

.ll 

Ui       UJ          ILJ 

l*J        Lv 

z    z    =r 

Z      7 

z    z       .     ^ 

■^ 

1 

'J^    iri      c\i 

C\J       - 

«      r^      >o 

(O       u- 

l^     J-     „     >^ 

- 

FORCE 

4   OlFECrs 

OF 

.'AN3 

L_,    1 

1 

7(5 


DIRECTION   AND   FOllCE   OV  THE   WIND. 


I-. 


i 


'J  Ir 


... .  ■?• 


MARCH    3?  ISM 


■»      6     ^     4     (, 

/ \ 


S    ■• 


/J 


/ 


—    —      n 


/ 


Z      CJ      CO 

di    m     la 


ruRCE  4  D:fiECT»   or   WIND 


The  relation  of  tlio  diflerent  winds  to  tlie  atmospheric  temporatures  lias  already 
been  nive.stigated  in  Die  preceding  paper;  otiior  relations,  as  those  with  the 
atmospheric  pressure,  will  be  given  on  subsequent  pages. 


'.  ;i 


TAirr  III. 


ATMOSPHERIC  PRESSURE. 


'"p- 


■  ti 


fi\ 


ti' 


>r4 


]^~ii* 


?  4 


KIX'ORD  AXD  KKDUCTKIX  OF  TIIK  OP.SEIIVATIONS  FOR  ATMosniKKir 

i'KKSSlltK. 


IXTItOnUCTOTlY    REMARKS. 

The  observing  hours  are  tl.c  same  as  tlioso  for  the  other  ,netcorolo-,ncal  ohservn- 
.ons   that  .s,  m  part  at  equal  interval,  of  two  hours,  and  in  part  at  intervals  of 

lour  hours      There  are  two  records,  one  of  the  aneroid  readings,  the  other  of  the 

readings  of  the  mercurial  barometer. 

The  series  of  observations  by  the  aneroid  is  continued  throughout  the  cruise-  the 

nuM-cunal  barometer  was  used  only  between  Septend.er  20,  IS-u,  and  April  IC, 
808.     Ihe  readings  m  the  month  of  July  and  August,  18-37,  an.l  of  September, 

iSoJ   are  given  in    he  record,  but  are  not  further  introduced   in  the  discussion 

mice  the  ship  was  then  rapidly  changing  her  position,  not  permitting  a  combination 

ol  the  daily  observations. 

ins^i™tTr  "'7'7  ^rr"''""'  ^'^^  ^''-  "^'' ''-''  -'"1--1  -'^''  -  ^t-'j--'i 

mttument  at  Kew  both  at  departure  and  after  return.    The  compaii^ons  for  index 

Lo  .  1    "  V'  "^         r  ^'ZT''"''''^  "'  ''  '^•"^■^'  ^•-"  ^'^P'-"  McClintock,  dated 
Loudon,  December  12th,  18G0) : 

Corrections  to  be  applied  to  Barometer  by  AniE  Xo.  208  (or  Xo.  407,  private 

MARK  OF  TUE  MAKERS.) 

BrKIIRE  KjlnARKATIO.V  I.V  THE  FoX  1  o 

....  SI'llSIMCE.VT  TO  ITS  Reti'RS. 

Atinelios.  Crrecti.in.  .... 

At  inches.  Crrwti.m. 


30.5 
30.0 
20.5 
29.0 
28.5 
28.0 


+  0.005 
+  0.000 
+0.007 
+  0.007 
+  0.007 
+  0.008 


30.5 
30.0 
20.5 
29.0 
28.5 
28.0 


+  0.008 
+  0.008 
+  0.007 
+  0.0OU 
+  0.005 
+  0.005 


This  mercurial  barometer  hod  been  u.sed  by  Profe.s.sor  Pia.zi  S.nvtli  at  Tenerinb 
and  IS  highly   bought  of  by  Admiral  Fitzroy,  in  whose  olTice  it  is  now  in  u.se. 
It  IS  specially  stated  in  the  reduction  whenever  the  above  correction  was  applied 

^^=^1^  ^'^"'"'^^  '' '''  -'''-'^  -'  '--^'  ^-—  ^vill  b/lund 

The  cistern  of  the  mercurial  barometer  was  four  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea 

(.n  reference  to  the  position  of  the  aneroid,  no  statement  is  given).    The  barometric 


+  ■•  'fl 


80 


KECOKD   AND    llEDUCTION 


rcadin^rs  roconlrd  give  the  coiiibiiicd  prossiire  of  the  dry  air  and  aqueous  vapor; 
the  li;tter,  howi-ver,  \h  very  Kiiiall :  no  hygroinetric  observations  were  Ibund 
recorded. 

The  foHowing  tables  connnenco  with  the  aneroid  readings,  and  conchidc  with  the 
readings  of  tlie  niercui'ial  barometer  and  its  corresponding  teniperatnro.  A  few 
oceasiunid  omissions  in  tlie  record  were  sujjplied  by  interpolation;  snch  figures  are 
distinguished  by  being  placed  between  brackets.  Tiie  mean  position  of  the  "Fo.v" 
is  given  Ibr  each  month  (the  daily  position  is  already  given  in  the  preceding 
temperature  paper). 


V 


1, 


OF   TIIK  OBSERVATIONS   FOR   A  T  MO  S  P  II  K  R  I  c    PRKSSURE.        HI 

nKconn  OP  rm  On«FnvATioNH  of  t„f.  Atmosphkuic  I'uKssrn.  ma„f.  ox  „.,.„„  ruy.  Yacut  •'  Fox  " 
.  .vnKi.  mMM^.s,, .,.  K  |..  .M.C...nt..ck.  R.  N.,  ...  ,■„«  Ah.t.c  Skah.  ,n  IH.^7.  V.s,  's!,, 

IlEAmNos  OF  Aneroid  liAHoMF.rKU  ITTi.l  „.n  hoaui,  nn:  Va.ut  r„x 
July,  1857.     29  I.k-I.cs  +     Men,,  Lat.  n2°.0  \..  Lon^.  3flo. ,  ^v,  of  (Jrccnwich. 


I 


41.. 


:i 

4 

5 

(! 

7 

8 

!» 

Ill 

11 

lli 

13 

14 

15 

ii; 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2i; 
27 
28 
2!» 
;«) 
31 

Mean 


1 
2 
3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

ii; 
17 

18 
19 
2(1 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2li 
27 
28 
2!) 
30 
31 


Mean 


(1.50) 

(.8h) 

(•IM) 
(I.11-.) 
(1.12) 

1.2(1 

l.lb- 
.112 
.72 

.48 

.4ii 

.f-2 

.MS 

.!I0 

.90 

.9(i 

.92 

.80 

.74 

.82 

.8ii 

.88 

.84 

.9li 

.70 

.34 

.52 

.(;9 

.70 
.72 


Noon. 


4h. 


1..5(l 

.85 

.91 

l.Il 

1.12 

1.22 

1.14 

.90 

.(id 
.4(i 
.50 
.85 
.91; 
.92 
.89 
.99 
.9(1 
(.--) 
.74 
.82 
.82 
.8(1 

.7i; 

(.95) 
.(iO 
..50 
..58 
.05 
.08 
.80 


29.849 


29.847 


1.50 

(■«7) 

(.94) 
(1.11) 

1.12 

1.2:1 

1.12 
.8(i 
.59 
.44 
..54 
.92 
.92 
.94 
.85 
.98 
.84 
(.711) 

.74 

.84 

.80 

.84 

.73 

.94 

..54 

.4s 

.80 

.88 

.(ifi 

.84 


1.15 

(.8!l) 
(.98) 

(1.12) 
1.17 
1.22 

l.os 
.85 
.52 
.40 
.81 
.94 
.89 
.98 
.82 
.97 
.82 
(.74) 

.74 

.82 

.82 

.85 

.78 

.94 

.80 

.50 

.82 

.88 

.85 

.90 


gli. 


Miiln't. 


.95 

(.92) 

.91 

(.91) 

l.dl 

(1.(15) 

1. 12 

(1.12) 

1.18 

1.211 

1.22 

1.22 

1.02 

.9(1 

.83 

.80 

.52 

.,52 

.40 

.44 

.70 

.78 

.98 

.98 

.90 

.92 

.97 

.94 

.89 

.92 

.98 

.97 

.82 

.84 

(.72) 

.70 

.74 

.80 

.88 

.88 

.84 

.84 

.84 

.s4 

.80 

.90 

.90 

.89 

.58 

..54 

.50 

.4s 

.80 

.84 

.72 

.73 

.84 

.liii 

.92 

.94 

Mc.in. 


29.841 


29.834 


29.834 


29.844 


August,  1857.     29  Indies  + 

41.. 


.94 

.90 
.98 
.78 
1.02 
1.18 
.98 
1.18 
.75 
.92 
1.10 
.88 
1.00 
.96 
.80 
..54 
.48 
.84 
.82 
.98 
1.08 
.98 
.92 
.78 
.56 
.51 
.62 
.76 
1.(18 
.50 
.86 

29.850 


8I1. 

.99 
.92 
.98 
.74 
1.12 
1.08 
1.08 
1.12 
.76 
.92 
1.00 
.87 
1.04 
.90 
.81 
.43 
.48 
.68 
.85 
1.00 
1.04 
.98 
.92 
.71 
.61 
..54 
.85 
.82 
1.20 
.48 
.97 

29.8C0 


Noon. 

.98 
.9(1 

(.94) 
.70 

1.15 

1.00 

1.10 

1.02 
.81 
.94 
.97 
.89 

1.06 
.88 
.80 
.45 
.48 
.72 
.90 
1.02 
1.03 

.94 

.90 

.61 

.82 

.64 

.65 

.92 
1.20 

.44 

.99 


4h. 


8I1. 


29.858 


.96 
.96 

(.90) 
.72 

1.24 
.98 

1.15 
.94 
.88 

1.00 
.94 
.92 

1.02 

.82 

(.73) 

.50 

.51 

.78 

.94 
1.(15 
1.02 

.98 

.90 

.58 

.61 

.88 

.82 
1.00 
l.dii 

.58 

.75 


29.880 


.94 
.98 

(.88) 
.n4 

1.24 
.90 

1.15 
.86 
.90 

1.06 

.92 

.95 

1.02 

.82 

(•67) 

.52 

.55 

.78 

.95 
1.06 
1.00 

.98 

.88 

.54 

.62 

.87 

.62 
1.04 

.90 

.66 

.50 


Midn't. 


.94 

.98 
(.82) 

.93 
1.23 

.;!(> 
1.15 

.80 

.9(1 
1.04 

.89 

.98 
1,02 

.80 
(.60) 

..52 

.60 
.80 

.98 
1.06 
.98 
.94 
.84 
.54 
.54 
.62 
.68 
1.10 
.69 
.78 

.44 


IniiiHD. 
1.25 

I1.-.M 

0.98 
l.Il 

1.15 

1.22 

1.(18 

0.>-6 

0.59 

0.44 

O.liO 

0.91 

0.93 

0.94 

0.S8 

0.97 

0.88 

0.75 
0.75 
0.S4 
0.83 
0.85 
O.so 
0.93 
0.59 
0.47 
0.59 
0.1)9 
0.88 
0.85 


29.842 


:.ic,'0  Lat.  U.OQ  N.,  Long.  590.8  \V. 


Mean. 


29.1 


29.842 


0.96 

0.94 

0.91 

0.78 

1.17 

1.01 

1.10 

0.99 

0.83 

0.98 

0.95 

0.91 

1.03 

0  86 

0.74 

0.49 

0.52 

0.73 

0.91 

1.03 

1.02 

0.96 

0.89 

0.62 

0.59 

0.61 

0.64 

0.94 

1.03 

0.57 

0.75 


29.854 


•> 


82 


n   y 


'-*i" 


in: conn  and  REnucTiox 


ItK.M.IMI^  OF  A.NKHi.lI.  I'.AUOMKTKU  ITTdl  ON  „„AI.|.  T.IK  VaHIT  l\,K 

September,  1857.     -i  InHics  +.     .M,.,.„  |,,„.  -;,  ,j  s.,  Ung.  ,;r,  .0' w. 


H"'-     Midn't. 


(.M) 

.11-2 

(.SH) 

.M 

(l.i'l!) 

1.(14 

(1.1-1) 

1.14 

(.nij 

.ill 

(.77) 

.7(1 

(•>) 

.;i4 

(.7.'.) 

.78 

(.!'l) 

.m 

(•7!0 

.8li 

(.IMI) 

.ill» 

(i.i;::) 

1.24 

(i.-ii') 

l.:i4 

(i.:i!») 

M;ti 

(1.4(1) 

1.42 

(i.;ii;) 

i.:;ii 

(1.2-t) 

i.2(; 

(■'*•) 

.77 

(i.\K) 

1.21 

(1..I4) 

.!)8 

.7(1 

.7(1 

.S8 

.no 

l.lti 

1.20 

.'.•2 

.88 

.88 

.!!() 

.8« 

.84 

.8(i 

.8.5 

.04 

.04 

.!ia 

.9(1 

.5t> 

.(id 

Menu. 


0.954      0.!).-,(J 


0.44 
d.78 
(Mi2 
Ml 

(i.:i:i 

(Mill 
(1.47 
li.(iii 
(1.84 
(1.7.'-. 
(I. '.is 

1.4.'-. 

l.;i'j 
].2:f 
l.:i;) 

1.24 

(P.iis 
l.i'ii 
l.ls 
(l.tlil 
(1.74 
1.112 
].(i|) 
(1.711 
(i.si; 

(1.8.3 
0.8(i 

0.'.i2 
(1.71 


20.114:! 


October,  1857.     2!)  InHics +.    Moan  Liit.  7.5^ 


2  X.,  Lonpr.  070.9  ^v. 


211. 


41,. 


4 

.5 

(I 

7 

8 

9 

111 

11 

12 

13 

14 

l,'. 

li! 

17 

IS 

III 

-2ii 

21 

22 

23 

24 


2s 
2!l 
3(1 
31 


.Oil 

1.11 

1.14 

.O,") 

.(17 

.S8 

.Oii 

1.12 

1.27 

1.08 

.88 

.82 

.48 

.(11 

.71 

l.di! 
l.dl! 

.78 

.74 

.!!(! 

.7.i 
.74 

1.3(i 
1.(12 
1.(14 
1.10 
l.ls 

.88 

.86 


.01 

1.13 

1.12 

.02 

.(18 

.89 

.94 

1.10 

1.2!) 

l.(i(i 

.84 

.81 

.4.T 

..'.O 

.71 

1.10 

1.04 

.73 

.74 

.04 

.34 

.74 

.70 

1.3U 

1.(13 

1.08 

1.08 

1.18 

.83 

.82 


(Jli. 


.(10 
.02 
1.10 
1.1(1 
.90 
.(i8 
.89 
.O'l 
1.10 
1.2(1 
l.d.') 
.80 
.81 
.30 
.50 
.72 
1.1(1 
1.(12 
.(Is 
.7(1 
.011 
.2(1 
.7') 
.82 
1.35 
1.(13 
l.M\ 
1.(17 
1.19 
.78 
.80 


8I1. 

.02 
.04 
l.lii 
1.(18 
.88 
.74 
.80 
l.dO 
1.10 
1.18 
1.04 
.70 
.8(1 
.34 
..W 
.71 
1.14 
1.(14 
.(18 
.81 
.!i4 
.2(1 
.77 
.02 
1.42 
1.114 
1  4.5 
1.0(1 
1.19 
.7(1 
.81 
- 


lOii.      Xoon.       21 


Mean  J  0.944    |o.03O    :  0.91(i    :  0.0-24 


.71 

1.00 

l.Ki 

1.08 

.88 

.80 

.91 

1.02 

1.2(1 

1.1(1 

1.00 

.82 

.80 

.38 

.(10 

.74 

1.12 

].0(i 

.7(1 

.8(1 

.92 

.24 

.80 

.09 

1.4(1 

1.70 

1.44 

1.13 

1.22 

.80 

.86 

O.O.'ib' 


.74 

1.02 
1.14 

1.05 
.8(1 
.8(1 
.02 
1.04 
1.24 
1.12 
1.08 
.80 
.79 
.30 
.60 
.76 
1.06 
1.05 
.(is 
.88 
.02 
.28 
.82 
1.07 
1.48 
1.70 
1.38 
1.12 
1.20 
.83 
.88 


.76 
1.02 
1.1(1 
1.04 
.78 
.81 
.02 
1.04 
1.2,-. 
1.10 
1.04 
.80 
.75 
.42 
.(14 
.79 
1.05 
1.05 
.60 
.90 
.87 
.37 
.83 
1.13 
1.50 
1.(10 
1.33 
1.17 
1.14 
.86 
.88 


4h. 


0.958      0.961 


.78 
1.07 
1.18 
1.04 
.76 
.87 
.04 
1.04 
1.2S 
1.12 
1.03 
.82 
.74 
.61 
.70 
.82 
1.05 
1.02 
.74 
.90 
.81 
.43 
.83 
1.20 
1.56 
1.70 
1.26 
1.18 
1.13 
.88 
.88 


.81 
1.(16 
1.20 
1.06 
.74 
.87 
.95 
1.08 
1.29 
1.12 
1.00 
.83 
.64 
.5s 
.76 
.86 
1.08 
.98 
.74 
.91 
.75 
.53 
.so 
1.2!l 
1.56 
1.71 
1.28 
1.20 
1.10 
.85 
.90 


0.076      0.085 


8b. 

.84 

l.oo 

1.19 

l.Oll 

.72 

.90 

.!I6 

1.09 

1.3d 

1.12 

1.01 

.84 

.62 

.61 

.78 

.Od 

1.(18 
.9(1 
.75 
.94 

.68 
.6(1 
.78 

].:i3 

1.6(1 
1.71 
1.24 
1.24 
1.05 
.86 
.92 

0.993 


lOh- 

.86 
l.ld 

1.18 
1.06 

.70 

.90 

.06 

1.1(1 

1.32 

1.14 

.99 

.85 

.50 

.62 

.76 

.80 

1.06 

.90 

.76 

.94 

.60 

.64 

.74 

1.34 

1.60 

1.70 

1.19 
1.23 

l.od 

.89 
.92 

0.985 


Midn't. I   Jle.au, 


.0(1 
1.11 
1.16 
.00 
.60 
.0(1 
.97 
1.12 
1.32 
1.16 
.94 
.S4 
..14 
.(14 
.74 
.94 
l.ds 
.85 
.76 
.95 
.51 
.7(1 
.74 
1.35 
1.62 
1.7d 
1.14 
1.20 
.96 
.88 
.88 


0.977 


0.73 

1.01 

1.15 

1.07 

0.81 

o.sd 

0.92 

1.03 

1.22 

1.16 

1.03 

0.s3 

0.73 

0.4s 

0.66 

0.80 

1.08 

1.00 

0.72 

(1.86 

d.s2 

(1.42 

(1.78 

l.OS 

1.49 

1.68 

l.,37 

1.15 

1.13 

0.84 

0.87 

29.959 


OF   Tin.:   OnSKKVATIONS   FOR   ATMOSPIIERIf 


I'HICSHUKE.       h;J 


November.  1857.  j.Mn,.l,c.,s  +.     .M....„  ,...,  ,,  „,  .v_  ...l.^'.'c,  -^  ,,, 


^'., 


Refers  to  28  iiiclies. 


»4 


p  •* 


U  K  f  ()  R  I)   AN  I)   U  K  I)  i;  C  T I O  N 


.-> 


KkaIiIMIH  OK  AnkHoM)  lt.\Ho.Mr.TK.Il  177III  „N  iioAMDTIIE  YacIIT  I'OX 

January,  1868.     2'.)  Indicn  +.     Mem  l.ul.  ta    a  X.,  Loi.g.  fi8 '.7  W. 


!t 
1(1 
II 
IJ 

I:) 
14 

ir. 

ll! 
17 

IH 

111 

-(I 

::i 

•  to 

23 
24 

a:i 

■Mi 

21 
•is 
'iU 
•M> 
31 


ah. 


.M 

.r>4 
.aft 
*.n 
*»« 
!?» 

.nil 

.;«> 
.•n 

.:is 

.ii7 

.M 

.72 

l.4» 

MM 

.'.fi 

.(is 

1.1:2 


41,. 

."I 
.!•■! 

'.'JM 

♦.|i2 
..!4 
.Ix 
.07 
.'> 
.21 
W 
.IIM 

.71 
l..'>4 
].l:i 

.11(1 

.IKI 

i.-j;i 


i  l.lh 

1.17 

1  1.1(1 

1.08 

1    .•.'.- 

.2(1 

.ill 

.114 

.47 

.4(1 

.84 

.78 

.24 

.24 

.()(( 

.(18 

.23 

.23 

.112 

.ll.'i 

1.2(i 

1.2s 

1.82 

l.s4 

a.li.-, 

2.(13 

Mean    0.725    , 0.712 


,it.7:iii 


rebruary,  1858.  JMiicl.i-M-.     Mean  Lot.  7P.5  X.,  Lonp.  riQo.O  AV. 

41,. 


OF  Tirr  0|!8KUV.\TI0\S  FOll  ATMOSnilMUC   I'UKSSUKK. 


85 


IlKMUvcscr  .Vsmioiip    ••.I'oMKTK.ii  17701  ON  iKiAiii.TiiK  V.\rriT  F«>.\. 
March,  1858.     2l>  Imnrs  +.     .Mmti  Lai.  tJ'j  .4  N.,  Loii«.  6'J  .1  W. 


ai.. 

4li. 

1.114 

^.|<•i  1 

i.m 

l.o-l 

i.-i-i 

l.:i2  , 

.42 

.411 

i-r.4 

l..'.H    1 

1.04 

l.ti.'. 

i.iiii 

I.IIS 

i.iii: 

l.-id 

l..');i 

1..MI    1 

-A^"^lj_^^^'     -"  '"'''^''*  +•     *^'""'  I^"'-  60°.  0  X.,  Lotiff.  570.7  W. 
4h. 


41,. 


fill. 


81'- 


l.'Jl) 

1.28 

1.23 

1.U8 

1.07 

1.(17 

.ii:i 

.01 

.il2 

.88 

.^8 

.88 

.7t) 

.7» 

i      .82 

i.;i(i 

1.2.5 

1.33 

1  liij 

1.2« 

1.25 

1.4:! 

l...« 

1.(14 

1.(14 

1.(14 

1.(12 

ij,r, 

i.5H 

1.51; 

l.M 

1.52 

1.53 

1.88 

1,88 

1.88 

1.4S 

1.44 

1.42 

1.1" 

1.08 

1.08 

.!lli 

.(18 

.98 

.!)() 

.92 

.93 

.74 

.72 

.71 

.7.0 

(.71) 

.74 

.8« 

(."") 

.:i3 

.'.n 

(.Ill) 

.91 

.!H1 

(.ICi) 

.'tli 

1.20 

(1.22) 

1.25 

1.10 

(1.10) 

1.11 

(•'') 

(•'1"), 

(.(!.'.) 

.42 

(.53) 

.(14 

1.28 

(1.3.5) 

1.4! 

1.58 

(1.5JIV 

1.(1(1 

l.ti4 

(i.iin), 

l.(I(i 

1.3ti 

(1.35) 

1..34 

.(•3 

(•!••!)  i 

.94 

1.144   I  1.1,54 


l.lH(i   I  1.1C8    !  l.li;4 

I  I 


3(».151 


*  Uefurs  to  28  iuchcs 


86 


RECORD  AND   REDUCTION 


4. 


,.  JH, 


r.KAin.Ncjs  OF  AxERoin  IIauometer  17701  on  noAnn  the  Yacht  Fox 
May,  1858.     29  Inches  +.     Mean  hat.  68°. 7  N,  Long.  53°. 7  w! 


4ii. 


8 

!) 

Ill 

11 

12 

in 
u 
I'l 
u; 

17 

is 

19 
2(1 
21 
22 
23 
24 
2,') 
26 
27 
28 
2!) 

;io 

31 

Mean 


.!):5 
l.K) 

.77 
l.d,") 

.>4 
1.11 
1.12 

i.n; 

1.18 
1.10 
l.U 
1.13 

l..')S 
l.iM 

1a;-, 

L.IO 
1.34 
1.30 
(1.1,5) 
I.UH 
l.lfi 

i.m 

1.20 

1.1.". 

1.24 
1.3!t 
1.311 
.9(i 
l.lili 
1.16 

1.204 


SI.. 


.00 
(1.0,1) 

>8 
1.04 

.S.5 
1.14 
1.1.1 
1.17 
1.1(1 
l.oii 
1.17 
l.lil 
L.'-.S 
1.116 
1.74 
l.."i8 
1.4S 
1.40 
1.31 
(1.14) 
1.10 
1.24 

i.m 

1.32 
1.12 
1.31 
1.4.1 
l.M 
.lis 
1.07 
1.16 


Noon. 


1.223 


.fl.l 

.!t6 

.116 

1.02 

.87 

1.01) 

1.21 
1.22 
l.lii 
l.U 
1.20 
1.24 
1.(10 
1.70 
1.76 
1..11 
1.42 
1.36 
1.33 
(1.13) 
1.14 
1.21t 
l.Ki 
1.30 
1.10 
1.34 
1.42 
1.30 
l.dO 
1.10 
1.20 

1.229 


41.. 


81.. 


Midn't. 


1.04 

.79 

1.06 

.99 

.98 

1.11 

1.21 

1.24 

l.os 

1.13 
1.19 
1.38 
1.(14 
1.(18 
1.70 
l.,-.0 
1.40 
1.:!.') 
1.26 
(1.12) 
l.lS 
1.26 
1.16 
1.2.'i 
1.08 
1.36 
1.44 
1. 10 
1.00 
1.13 
1.18 


1.1  B 
.73 
1.08 
.96 
1.07 
1.16 
1.23 
1.2,') 
1.08 
1.13 
1.12 
l.,10 
l.(J5 
1.(18 
1.70 
lJ>f\ 
1.37 
1.34 
1.22 
(1.11) 
1.18 
1.23 
1.14 
1.22 
l.l.'i 
1.40 
1.34 
1.09 
1.00 
1.14 
1.14 


1.22,') 


1.230 


1.20 
.74 
1.10 
.94 
l.U 
1.13 
1.21 
1.22 
1.08 
1.18 
1.14 
1.59 
1.66 
1.6(1 
1.62 
1.54 
1.34 
1.30 
1.16 
(1.10) 
1.17 
1.14 
1.18 
1.17 
1.18 
1.38 
1.3.'-) 
1.00 
1.01 
1.16 
1.12 


1.222 


June,  1858.     29  Indies  +.     .Mean  Lat.  74°. 6  N.,  Long.  60°.  1  W 


41.. 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 

16 
17 

If 

19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
2,') 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

Mean 


1.08 

.99 

.99 

1.00 

1.20 

1.21 

1.24 

1.28 

1.12 

.94 

.97 

1.10 

1.23 

1.12 

1.18 

1.18 

.90 

.99 

.94 

.84 

.80 

.91 

1.10 

l.os 

.S4 
.78 
.48 
..')9 
.80 
1.20 

nii.do.i 


1.08 
.92 
1.08 
.94 
1.24 
1.26 
1.31 
1.26 
1.10 
.90 
.99 
1.12 
1.21 
1.17 
1.22 
1.15 
.94 
.99 
.91 
.84 
.78 
.94 
1.10 
1.09 
.88 
.78 
.42 
.65 
.91 
1.26 

30.015 


Noon. 


1.09 

.90 
1.20 

.1(2 
1,30 
1.26 
1.34 
1.24 
1.08 

.90 

1.02 

1.16 

1.18 

1.22 

1.19 

1.12 

.96 

l.dl 

.91 

.84 

.82 

1.01 

1.08 

1.09 

.87 

.78 

.53 

.74 

1.00 

1.29 

30.035 


41.. 

1.05 
.85 
1.18 
.92 
1.32 
1.26 
1.28 
1.20 
1.05 
.90 
1.06 
1.22 
1.18 
1.24 
1.18 
1.04 
.99 
.98 
.HH 
.87 
.86 
1.06 
1.16 
1.07 
.86 
.68 
.52 
.76 
1.06 
1.29 

30.032 


81.. 


Midn't. 


1.05 
.88 
1.15 
1.03 
1.34 
1.25 
1.28 
1.18 
1.00 
.95 
1,08 
1.24 
1.15 
1.24 
1  25 
1.0(1 
l.UO 
.97 
.87 
.86 
.91 
1.11 
1.10 
].(i2 
.86 
.64 
,55 
.81 
1.20 
1.21 

30.039 


1.05 
.S9 
1.13 
1.1(1 
1.29 
1.28 
1.2S 
1.14 
.95 
.90 
1.08 
1.25 
1.12 
1.20 
1.23 
.96 
1.04 
.97 
.86 
.83 
.92 
1.10 
1.10 
.94 
.82 
.56 
.57 
.84 
1.18 
1.12 

30.025 


Mean. 


1.03 

0.91 

0.97 

1.00 

0.95 

1.12 

1.19 

1.21 

l.U 

1.12 

1.16 

1.33 

1.62 

1.67 

1.70 

1.54 

1.42 

1.35 

1,26 

1.12 

1.14 

1.22 

1.17 

1.24 

1.13 

1.34 

1.40 

1.19 

0.99 

1.11 

1.16 


30.222 


Mean 


1.07 

0.90 

1.12 

0.99 

1.28 

1.25 

1.29 

1.22 

1.05 

0.92 

1.03 

1.18 

1.18 

1.20 

1.21 

1.07 

0.97 

0.98 

0.89 

0.85 

0.85 

1.02 

1.11 

1.05 

0.S6 

0.70 

0.51 

0.73 

1.03 

1.23 

30.025 


OP  THE  OBSERVATIONS  FOR  ATMOSPHERIC  PRESSUR 


E.       87 


Eeadi.vos  of  Aneroip  BAROMETEa  17701  ON  noARn  TtiE  Yacht  Fov 
July,  1858.     29  Inches  +.     Menn  Lat.  U^A  N.,  Long.  7(;o.4  w' 


'4.; 


.  1 


RECORD  AND  REDUCTION 


1 

2 
4 

r, 
(i 

7 
s 
» 

10 

11 

12 
13 
U 
15 
l(i 
17 
IS 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2(i 
27 
28 
29 
30 

Mean 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

(j 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

Iti 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

2tj 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

MlMll 


ItKAPiNds  OF  Ankuoiii  I'.ahometf.r  17701  ON  noAim  tiif.  Yacht  Imix. 
September,  1858.    '.".)  Inches  +.     Mean  Liit.  72  .0  X.,  Long.  O40.4  W. 


411. 


8I1. 


1.12 
1.24 

1.2(i 

1.30 

1.31 

1.20 

.88 

.90 

.97 

1.19 

1.20 

l.lti 

1.12 

1.20 

].2(i 

1.27 

1.2,') 

1.14 

1.10 

1.00 

.72 

.88 

J:2 

.75 

.90 

1.10 

1.20 

1.1,') 

1.10 

1.12 


30.084 


1.12 
].2.'-| 
l.:io 
1.29 
1.30 
1.10 
.84 
.90 
1.02 
1.20 
1.19 
1.13 
1.12 
1.24 
1.25 
1.32 
1.28 
1.16 
1.18 
1.09 
.72 
1.00 
.33 
.90 
1.02 
1.20 
1.20 
1.20 
1.20 
1.10 

30.105 


Noon. 


1.19 
1.2'i 
1.30 
1.32 
1.23 
1.12 

.94 
1.10 
1.20 
1.20 
1.17 
l.lii 
1.2s 
1.29 
1.31 
1.23 
1.12 
1.18 
1.0(1 
.74 
1.114 
.32 
.88 
1.(12 
1.12 
1.3(1 
1.10 
1.20 
1.01) 


4h. 


30.110 


1.2,'; 
1.24 
i.;io 

1.31 

1.14 

(1.(1(1) 

.81; 

.97 

1.14 

1.20 

1.20 

1.17 

1.17 

1.2s 

1.29 

1.3(i 

1.2(1 

1.19 

1.20 

.98 

.72 

1.03 
.28 
.98 

1.(18 

1.24 

1.31 

1.(14 

1.24 

1.04 


81.. 

Midn't. 
1.2s 

Mean. 

i         1.2(i 

1.20 

1.35 

1.311 

1.27 

1.34 

1.3(1 

1.30 

1.30 

1.23 

1.29 

MS 

1.1(1 

1.22 

(1.(10) 

(0.94) 

1.07 

.90 

0.S8 

.94 

.90 

0.94 

1.15 

l.ls 

1.09 

1.24 

1.22 

1.21 

1.24 

1.24 

1.21 

1.17 

1.15 

l.lti 

l.Ki 

1.21 

1.10 

1.22 

1.22 

1.24 

1.34 

1.37 

1.30 

j-;iii 

1.29 

1.31 

1.23 

1.20 

1.18 

.94 

.78 

.90 

.48 

.98 

1.08 

1.24 

1.30 

1.14 

1.20 

1.02 


30.118 


30.127 


1.11 
1.12 

1.09 

.SO 

.84 

.i;8 

M) 

.9(i 

1.(18 

1.24 

1.30 

1.12 

l.ls 

.98 


30.107 


1.24 
1.15 
1.10 
0.98 
0.75 
0.92 
0.44 
0.91 
1.(13 
1.19 
1.27 
1.12 
1.19 
1.05 


30.108 


October,  1858.     29  Inclios  +.     .^ronn  Lnt.  72°.0  X.,  Loiifr.  940.2  W. 


.88 
.64 
.68 
.111 
1.10 
1.46 
1.64 
1.45 
1.44 
1.20 
.42 
.42 
.74 
.88 
1.18 
.82 
.56 
.82 
.79 
.38 
.60 
1.21 
1.30 
1.06 
.72 
1.2(i 
1.34 
1.24 
1.10 
.96 
1.07 

29.967 


Sh. 


.62 
.72 
.6(1 
1.22 
I..54 
1.68 
1.45 
1.44 
l.lii 
.45 
.50 
.84 
.88 
1.24 
.78 
.62 
.90 
.76 
.44 
.70 
1.20 
1.38 
1.00 
.90 
1.32 
1.44 
1.24 
1.10 
.96 
1.19 

30.007 


Noon. 


.86 
.72 
.74 
.s2 
1.30 

i.(;(i 

1.70 

l.-!s 

1.40 

1.11 

.46 

.55 

.86 

1.04 

1.20 

.70 

.60 

.98 

.70 

.48 

.SO 

1.32 

1.35 

.8(1 

.<M> 

1.40 

1.4(! 

1.22 

1.04 

.92 

1.20 

30.026 


4I1. 


.85 
.72 
.SO 
.94 
1.38 
1.62 
.68 
1.4S 
1.38 
.78 
.41 
.67 
.86 
1.(18 
1.11 
.66 
.70 
.98 
.68 
.52 
.94 
1.37 
1.28 
.80 
1.(14 
1.38 
1.46 
1.18 
1.04 
.!)(■ 
1.20 


Midn't. 


.80 
.72 
.80 
.98 
1.42 
1.66 
1.63 
1.50 
1.37 
.63 
.44 
.73 
.88 
1.18 
1.08 
.(16 
.73 
.92 
.60 
.58 
1.06 
1.36 
1.23 
.79 
1.04 
1.37 
1.42 
1.22 
1.(12 
.96 
1.18 


.70 
.90 
.70 
1.00 
1.46 
1.66 
1.56 
1.46 
1.29 
.48 
.42 
.75 
.88 
1.20 
.94 
.60 
.82 
.98 
.46 
.60 
1.14 
1.36 
1.14 
.74 
1.24 
1..36 
1.34 
1.16 
1.(10 
1.04 
1.12 


Mean. 


29.998  30.031 


30.016 


0.83 

0.72 

0.74 

0.83 

1.31 

1.59 

1.48 

1.47 

1.39 

0.S9 

0.43 

(i.iKI 

0.S4 

1.04 

1.12 

0.70 

0.67 

0.93 

0.67 

0.50 

O.S7 

1.30 

1.28 

0.87 

0.98 

1.35 

1.41 

1.21 

1.05 

0.97 

1.16 


30.007 


OF   THE   CHJSEUVATIONS   FOR  ATMOSPHERIC   PRE 


ESSURE.       89 


liKADix.is  oi-  A.NKHdU)  IJaiuimkteii  17701  ON  BOAnn  THE  Vaciit  Fox 
J^L^.'"^^!!ii^^  '•'  ^'"-''"'■'  +•     ^^'^'''^  I''*'-  '2°.0  X.,  Long.  94-2  W. 


December^58^292.ichcs  +.    .AFcan  Lat.  72°. 0  X.,  Long.  n°.2  W. 


Noon. 


2li. 


4l>. 


6i>. 


811. 


lOli.     MMii't. 


i.on 

;    1.12 

].18 

1.18 

1.11.5 

1.12 

.ill! 

1.00 

1.12 

1.13 

1.1,5 

1.12 

1.01 

1.04 

1.00 

1.00 

l.Oli 

1.04 

.78 

.74 

.74 

.74 

.90 

.»2 

1.20 

1.22 

1.2(i 

1.2(i 

1.20 

1.10 

1.10 

1.10 

1.0.5 

1.08 

1.10 

1.10 

.!I9 

.!)8 

.81) 

.82 

..5« 

.02 

1.00 

1.03 

1.10 

1.08 

1.0!) 

l.Oi) 

1.14 

l.lti 

1.14 

1.10 

i.;si 

i.:is 

1.72 

1.75 

1.44 

1.40 

1.14 

i.m 

1.18 

1.18 

1.0S6 


1.092 


1.10 
l.l(i 
1.02 
1.01 
1.18 
1.10 
1.0(1 
1.01 
l.Ol) 


.94 
1.2(i 
1.28 
1.18 
1.12 
1.08 
1.12 
1.00 
.79 
.C(i 
1.04 
1.08 
1.11 
1.10 
1.10 
1.44 
1.77 
1.39 
1.20 
1.17 

1.106 


1.18 
1.10 
1.04 
1.04 
1.18 
1.08 
l.OO 
1.04 
1.01 
.74 
.78 
.94 
1.28 
1.22 
l.is 

1.08 
1.08 
1.10 
1.01 

.72 
.70 
1.00 
1.08 
1.11 
1.12 
1.10 
1.41 
1.74 
1.3.5 
1.20 
1.10 

1.09.5 


1.18 

1.10 

1.01 

1.0.5 

1.18 

l.Oil 

1.00 

1.08 

.98 

.72 

.80 

.97 

1.2ii 

1.23 

1.20 

1.08 

l.OO 

1.10 

1.00 

.05 

.70 

1.08 

1.00 

1.12 

1.13 

1.10 

1.50 

1.70 

1.32 

1.21 

1.12 

1.094 


1.20 

1.04 

.98 

1.08 

1.18 

1.00 

1.04 

1.09 

.90 

.70 

.82 

1.00 

1.20 

1.24 

1.20 

l.OS 

l.Oli 
1.08 
1.00 
..59 
.70 
1.10 
1.04 
1,12 
1.10 
I.IS 
1.55 
1.70 
1.30 
1.22 
1.11 

1.090 


1.211 
1.00 

.97 

1.10 

1.15 

.9s 

1.03 

1.09 

.92 

.70 

.85 

1.00 

1.24 

1.22 

1.19 

1.07 

l.OO 

l.OO 

1.00 
.,54 

.Ml 
1.10 
1.03 
1.12 
1.10 
1.18 
1.53 
1.08 
1.29 
1.22 
1.10 

1.081 


Me.iii. 


1.10 
1.14 

].(K 
1.00 

1.14 
l.lo 

1.1  IS 

1.03 

1.114 

0.78 

0.75 

0.91 

1.18 

l.L'J 

1.19 

1.10 

1.00 

1.10 

1.01 

O.SI 

0.01 

0.99 

1.08 

1.08 

1.13 

1.13 

1.37 

l.OS 

1.44 

1.19 

I.JO 

30.081 


^ 


h 


-.7 

fr. 


90 


..V 


i 


RECORD  AND  REDUCTION 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

ti 

7 

8 

i) 

10 

11 

12 

i:i 

14 

l.-i 

1(! 
17 
18 
].') 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2(i 
27 
2S 
29 
3(1 
31 


Reapinos  of  Aneuoid  ]3aromf,tek  17701  on  hoard  the  Yacht  I'ox 
January,  1859.     29  Inches +.     Mean  Lat.  72^.0  N.,  Long.  94°.2  W. 


2h. 

1.04 
.7(1 
.!tO 
1.04 
l.Oi! 
1.4(1 
1.24 
l.li; 
1.12 

.no 

1.32 
1.44 
1.32 
1.13 
1.24 
1.41 
1.2S 
1.21 
1.10 
1.01) 
1.00 
.00 
.88 

l.Oi! 

1.14 

1.34 

1.2l> 

1.2(i 

1.41 

1.3!) 

1..^0 


1.04 

.73 

.!11l 

1.0(1 

1.0(1 

1.4(i 

1.20 

l.K! 

1.li(i 

.04 

l.,'!2 

1.40 

1.30 

1.10 

1.22 

1.38 

1.28 

l.Iil 

1.10 

1.04 

.08 

.88 

S(i 

1.04 

1.1.5 

1.32 

1.24 

1.2« 

1.42 

1.38 

1.50 


Moan  i  1.172      1.158 


February,  1859 


1 

1.46 

2 

1.23 

3 

.85 

4 

.00 

5 

1.08 

li 

1.23 

1 

1.22 

8 

1.30 

it 

1.21 

10 

1.24 

n 

1.10 

12 

.114 

13 

.45 

14 

.CO 

16 

.no 

](i 

1.04 

17 

l.lil 

18 

1.32 

lit 

1.52 

20 

1.40 

21 

1.25 

22     I 

1.40 

23 

1.44 

24 

i.5(; 

2fl 
27 

28 


1.27 
1.24 
1.23 

.82 


1.47 

1.20 

.81 

.00 

1.10 

1.21 

1.22 

1.3(1 

1.22 

1.22 

1.0() 

.(ill 

.4(1 

.(10 

.tm 

1.02 
1.19 
1.32 
1.48 
1.30 
1.25 
1.3s 
1.44 
1. 50 
1.24 
1.23 
l.ls 
.711 


Mean    1.13,1      1.120 


].4(i 

1.46 

1.1(5 

1.20 

.78 

.80 

.65 

.72 

1.10 

1.20 

1.17 

1.20 

1.23 

1.22 

1.30 

1  36 

1.20 

1.2(1 

1.18 

1.20 

1.03 

1.00 

.5(1 

.57 

.48 

.48 

.«'. 

.(18 

.90 

.96 

1.02 

1.10 

1.21 

1.25 

1 .38 

1.38 

1.4(1 

1.52 

1.25 

1.30 

1.25 

1.26 

1.3S 

1.46 

1.41 

1.53 

1.55    ■ 

1.49 

1.20 

1.22 

1.21 

1.30 

1.1(1 

1.13 

.75    1 

.82 

1.110 


^^^ic: 


OF   THE   ODSERVATIOXS   FOR  ATMOSPIIERI 


C   PRESSURE.        91 


Readings  of  Aneroid  Barometer  moi  on  board  the  Yacht  Fox 
March.^59^9  IncI.es  +.     Mean  Lat.  72O.0  N.,  Long.  940.2'w. 


211. 


4li. 


1 


6ii. 


1 

2 
3 
4 

& 
U 
7 

8 
!) 
1(1 
11 
lli 
13 
14 

in 
]i; 
17 
18 
10 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2(! 
27 
28 
2!) 
30 
31 


.00 

I     1.20 

1.18 

1.12 

I    1.32 

!    1.47 

I   i.no 

j    1.2li 

1.10 

I  1.11 

!  .82 
.80 
1.22 
1.43 
1.38 
1.14 
1.06 
1.30 
1.44    i 

i.r>ti  I 
1.70  i 
1.78   ■ 
1.70   I 
1.48 
1.32 
1.54   ! 
1.54   ! 
(l.filt) 
(1.50) 
(l.(iO) 
(1.73) 


.02 

1.1!) 

1.15 

1.10 

1    1.31 

:   i.4i; 
1  1.47 

;     1.22 

',    l.li() 

l.os 

.7t) 

.78 

1.211 

1.44 

1.34 

1.10 

1.04 

1.31 

1.44 

1.50 

1.70 

1.78 

1.6ti 

1.42 

1.30 

1.53 

L.'iO 

(1.70) 

1.54 

1.59    ! 

1.7: 


8I1. 


.08 

1     1.10 

1.18 

1    1.22 

1.12 

1.18 

1.10 

i.ii; 

1.30 

1.37 

1.44 

1.50 

1.4li 

1.4'< 

l.Ki 

1.18 

l.OiJ 

l.Ki 

l.Oi; 

1.08 

.94 

.82 

.80 

.02 

1.22 

1.22 

1.39 

1.40 

1.31 

1.3i! 

1.10 

1.14 

1.08 

1.14 

1.37 

1.3(i 

1.4IJ 

1.48 

1.58 

1.68 

1.78 

1.76 

1.78 

1.80 

1.64 

1.68 

1.42 

1.46 

1.30 

1.38 

1.54 

1.58 

1.50 

1.54 

(1.71)! 

1.72 

(1.5ti) 

1.58 

(l.i):i)i 

1.66 

(1.73) , 

1.74 

lOh-    j  Noon. 


1.14 

1.25 
1.17 
1.1s 
1.40 
1.53 
1.46 
1.17 
!    1.10 
!     1.06 
.80 
.92 
1.32 
1.45 
1.32 
1.12 
1.14 
1..38 
1.48 
1.68 
1.76 
1.^2 
1.64 
1.46 
1.40 
1.58 
1.58 
(1.70) 
(1.56) 
(1.66) 
(1.74) 


2h. 


1.14 

1.28 

1.17 

1.19 

1.40 

1.52 

1.47 

1.16 

1.10 

1.04 

.80 

.94 

1.35 

1.42 

1.34 

1.1(1 

1.15 

1.42 

1.48 

1.68 

1.76 

1.82 

1.61 

1.44 

1.40 

1.58 

1.59 

1.68 

1.54 

l.C(i 

1.75 


I     1.15 
i    1.27 
,    1.15 
I    1.22 
I    1.45 
I    1..53 
1.46 
:     1.16 
I     1.09 
i    1.04 
.79 
1.(12 
1.32 
1.42 
1.29 
1.09 
1.16 
1.40 
1.50 
1.69 
1.75 
1.82 
1.58 
1.40    ; 
1.44   ' 
1.56    I 

1.59  ; 

(1.67) 

(i..5(;) 

(1.68) 
(1.73) 


4II. 

1.17 
1.25 
1.14 
1.26 
1.46 
1.53 
1.44 
1.17 
1.10 
1.00 
.79 
1.05 
l.,38 
1.44 
1.30 
1.09 
1.22 
1.44 
1.52 
1.72 
1.78 
1.79 
1.56 
1.40 
1.46 
1.58 
1.62 
1.66 
1.58 
1.70 
1.72 


61'. 

1.17 
1.24 
1.14 

1.28 
1.47 
l.,54 
1.42 
1.16 
1.11 
.96 
.79 
1.1(1 
1.42 
1.44 
1.24 
1.1(1 
1.26 
1.44 
l.,54 
1.70 
1.80 
1.78 
1.54 
1.39 
1.48 
1.58 
1.64 
(1.68) 
(1.59) 
(1.70) 
(1.71) 


81i. 

1.18 
1.22 
1.14 

1.29 
1.46 
1.53 
1.39 
1.16 
1.14 
.93 
.81 
1.13 
1.43 
1.44 
1.24 
1.09 
1.30 
1.46 
1.56 
1.70 
1.82 
1.78 
1.54 
1.38 
1.50 
1.56 
1.68 
1.7(( 
1.60 
1.72 
1.70 


lO'''     Aliiln't.     Mean. 


1.20 
1.22 
1.12 

l.:i() 

1.46 
1.53 
1.36 
l.li; 
1.15 
.90 
.82 
1.17 
1.40 
1.44 
1.23 
1.(18 
1.32 
1.48 
1.5S 
1.72 
1.81 
1.78 
l..'-.4 
1.38 
l.,'i4 
1.58 
1.68 
(1.67) 
(1.60) 
(1.72) 
(1.67) 


1.19 
1.20 
1.12 
1.32 
1.49 
1.54 
1.31 
1.14 
1.13 
.86 
.80 
1.21 
1.41 
1.40 
1.19 
1.06 
1.32 
1.44 
1.56 
1.72 
1.80 
1.74 
1.52 
1.38 
1.54 
1.58 
1.68 
1.64 
1.61 
1.74 
1.64 


1.10 

1.23 

1.15 

1.21 

1.41 

1.51 

1.44 

1.18 

1.1(1 

l.dl 

0.81 

0.99 

1.32 

1.43 

1.30 

1.1(1 

1.18 

1.40 

1.50 

1.67 

1.77 

1.79 

1.60 

1.42 

1.42 

1.57 

1.60 

1.68 

1.58 

1.67 

1.71 


April,  1859^^!}Jnclies  +.     Mean  Lat.  f2o.o  N.,  Long.  94°.2  W, 


10 

li 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

Mean 


DAY. 

1            fill. 

1 

2 

1.56 
1.27 

3 
4 

1.17 

.87 

5 

1.07 

6 

1.07 

V 

.<Mi 

8 
9 

in 

l.((7 
1.37 

81-. 


1.67 
1.96 
2.16 
2.17 
2.04 
1.87 
1.37 
1.26 
1.17 
1.27 
1.57 
1.57 
.97 
1.06 
1.07 
1.17 
.07 
1.27 
1,37 
1.47 
1.37 


1.50 
1.28 
1.14 
.92 
1.09 
1.00 
l.((2 
1.13 
1.44 
1.60 
2.00 
2.19 
2.17 
2.07 
1.76 
1.37 
1.26 
1.17 
1.3(i 
1.57 
1.57 
1.07 
1.17 
1.09 
1.17 
1.07 
1.27 
1.38 
1.47 
1.47 


Noon. 

1.52 
1.22 
1.08 

.04 
1.07 
1.02 

.98 
1.14 
1.48 
1.76 
2.02 
2.27 
2.16 
2.04 
1.66 
1.37 
1.27 
1.10 
1.42 


1.60 

l.(i2 

1.48 

1.40 

.99 

.97 

1.16 

1.14 

1.16 

1.17 

1.16 

1.12 

1.10 

1.17 

1.24 

1.23 

1.40 

1.47 

1.46 

1.46 

1.41 

1.43 

1.389 

1.396 

..Til 


RE CORD  AND  REDUCTION 


,v 


:i:.< 


'■ft 

4 


A* 


M        f 
i.:ll 


3 

4 

5 

(i 

7 

8 

!l 

10 

11 

12 

Hi 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

is 

19 

^0 

;ii 

22 
23 
24 
25 
2(i 
27 
28 
2!) 
30 
31 


Meau 


3 
4 

n 

(! 

7 

8 

!) 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

ir. 
iii 

17 

18 
±i' 
211 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

2a 

27 


30 


Munn 


Heakincis  op  Aneroid  Uarometer  17701  o.v  hoard  the  Yactit  Fox. 
May,  1859.     29  Iiichus  +.     :^rcall  Lut.  72o.O  N.,  Long.  940.2  \V. 


1.37 

1.3!) 

1.27 

1.211 

1.35 

1.37 

1.2H 

1.30 

l.ls 

1.22 

1.20 

1.24 

1.25 

1.28 

1.30 

1.33 

l.K! 

1.17 

l.lll 

1.22 

1.08 

1.12 

.IKi 

.117 

1.(10 

1.02 

AM 

.'.i2 

.Ui 

.V7 

.M 

..^2 

.7ii 

.78 

.80 

.85 

1.07 

1.09 

].-.'5 

1.20 

1.28 

1.2s 

1.13 

1.15 

1.20 

1.23 

1.25 

1.28 

1.2s 

1.20 

1.28 

1.2s 

1.1:1 

l.IO 

1.2;) 

1.20 

1.40 

1.42 

1.5S 

1..^8 

1.05 

1.1)5 

Nodii. 


41.. 


1.182 

(1.175) 

At  4l'- 


1.203 


1.40 
1.37 

i.im 

1.2.S 
1.25 

:i.2i! 
l.l'.d 

1.30 

i.2t; 
1.22 

l.iiO 

1.00 

l.HII 

.',15 

.»3 

.84 

.S2 

.1)0 

l.Ki 

I.:i2 

1.2i; 

1.17 

i.2i; 

1.32 
1.30 
1.20 
1.2(i 
1.38 
1.47 
1.03 
1.72 


gh. 


1.229 


1.40 

1.30 

1.35 

1.21! 

1.22 

1.2i; 

1.2(1 

1.2i; 

l.liti 

1.22 

1.11:1 

l.Oli 

.98 

.98 

.90 

.83 

.s2 

.:i7 
l.i:( 
l.:i2 
1.22 
1.20 
1.29 
].3li 
1.30 
].2:l 
1.25 
1.11 
1.49 
1.1)4 
1.70 


1.233 


1.39 
1.3tl 
1.38 
1.2(i 
1.2i. 
1.27 
1.37 
1.22 

].::i 

1.22 

1.07 

1.07 

1.00 

.97 

.88 

.83 

.87 

1.02 

1.-4 

i.:;4 

1.22 
1.23 
1.31 
1.3S 
1.28 
1.3(1 
1.25 
1.42 
1.54 

].(;5 
1.70 

1.245 


nil. 
i.:i7 

1.31 

l.:i3 

1.24 

1.22 

1.2(i 

1.;'.2 

1.18 

1.29 

1.18 

1.05 

1.07 

.98 

.98 

.87 

.81 

1.(1(1 
1.27 
1.35 
1.22 
1.23 
1.32 
1.35 
1.28 
1.28 
1.27 
1.43 
1.5(i 

l.iid 
1.70 


1.235 
(1.231) 
At  121i- 


_June,  1859^29  Inches  4-.     Mean  Lat.  72o.O  N.,  Long.  940.2  W. 

^''-  8li.  I         Noon.         !  41>-  gh.  I        llh. 


1.(18 

1.52 

1.15 

1.32 

1.44 

I..54 

1.58 

1.3(! 

1.0!l 

1.19 

1.19 

1.11 

1.01 

.98 

.>^5 

.85 

.92 

.75 

1.04 

1.19 

1.15 

.i)8 

1.05 

1.00 

.8(! 

.78 

.74 

.88 

l.os 

1.14 


8I1. 

i.i;9 

1.50 
1.15 
1.34 
1.4(i 
1.58 
1.51) 
1.31 
1.11 
1.21 
1.19 
1.10 
1.00 
1.01 

..'•4 

.82 

.ill! 

.72 

l.oi; 

1.21 

1.1(1 

1.02 

1.02 

1.04 

.88 

.78 

.78 

.91 

1.11 

1.15 


1.70 

1.(18 

1.44 

I.31I 

1.23 

1.27 

1.38 

1.39 

1.51 

1.55 

l.ilO 

1.(12 

1.5(i 

1.52 

1.29 

1.24 

1.13 

l.ls 

1.24 

1.2(J 

1.20 

1.2(! 

1.(19 

1.08 

1.02 

1.01 

1.00 

1.00 

.8(1 

.85 

.89 

.90 

.:i(i 

.:i() 

.()5 

.73 

l.Oll 

l.(i:t 

1.18 

1.14 

1.10 

1.02 

1.03 

1.0(1 

1.03 

1.01 

102 

1.0(i 

.Mi 

.88 

.Si 

.79 

.80 

.85 

.98 

1.04 

1.04 

l.OK 

1.15 

J. 12 

1.114 
(1.111) 

At  4ii- 


1.122 


1.127 


1.131 


1.(17 

1.29 

1.32 

1.39 

1.50 

1.U4 

1.52 

1.18 

1.22 

1.2(1 

1.22 

1.08 

l.ol 

1.00 

.8() 

.92 

.9(1 

.85 

1.14 

1.07 

.99 

l.lMi 

.99 

.98 

.84 

.77 

.83 

1.11 

l.os 

1.(19 
1.130 


1.55 
1.21 
1.33 
1.40 
1.58 
1.(12 
1.45 
1.1(1 
1.22 
1.22 
1.22 

1.0(1 

1.02 
.94 
.85 
.91 
.91 
.92 
1.1(1 
1.08 

.:iii 

1.0(i 

.99 

.92 

.84 

.77 

.84 

1.10 

1.08 

l.Oli 

1.114 
(1.109) 
At  I211. 


JIlMll. 


1.39 

1.32 
1.3(i 
1.27 
1.22 
1.25 
1.30 
1.27 
1.2(i 
1.21 
l.os 
l.(i2 
1.00 
o.:i5 

0.92 
0.82 
0.S2 
0.93 
1.17 
1.31 
1.25 
1.19 
1.27 
1.32 
1.29 
1.29 
1.24 
1.37 
1.48 
1.(12 
l.tl9 


30.222 
30.219 


Me.in. 

1.(1(1 
3.39 
1.24 
1.37 
1.52 
1.(10 
1.53 
1.2(i 
l.Ki 
1.23 
1.21 
1.09 
1.01 
0.!I9 
0.s5 
0.88 
0.95 
0.77 
l.o:» 

1.15 
1.0(1 
1.03 
1.01 

1.00 

0.8(i 
0.78 
0.81 
1.00 
1.07 
1.12 


30.123 
30.122 


J 


OF  THE   OnSERVATlONS  FOR  ATMOSPHERIC   PRESSURE. 


■ra 


*  ItflVrs  to  2-^  iiicliea. 


...V 


m 


RECORD  AND  REDUCTION 


September,  1859.     29  Inches +.     Mean  Lat.  680.9  N.,  Long.  40°  9  W. 


41.. 


8h. 


Miilnight. 


1.26 

1.21 

1.20 

i.;;o 

1.20 

l.lli 

1.114 

.!I8 

.90 

.so 

.81 

.80 

.US 

.70 

.73 

.S7 

.88 

.90 

..*<{{ 

.sr, 

.80 

.89 

.94 

.94 

.S(i 

.88 

.82 

.81 

.84 

.89 

.84 

.94 

.9(1 

.118 
.!)3 

.ni; 

.92 

.94 

.90 

l.iiO 
1.24 
1.30 

1.01 

l.:io 

1.30 

1.03 
l.,'io 
1.30 

1.20 

1.18 

MS 

AhUthual  Rca,Un.js  of  the  Marine  Mrrnrial  Rn-ometer,  heUcecn  Se^,ternher  1857 

Hud  Ajinl,  1858.  ' 

A  description  of  the  Marine  Barometer  adopted  by  Her  Majesty's  government 
m  tl,e  reconnnendation  of  the  Kew  Observatory  Cornmittee  of   he  BriSrWh 
tion  for  the  Advancement  of  Seience,  will  be  found  in  the  appendix  to  tlie  trur  * 
Z;  r  ^^^^^^-"'"^-'  ^^^--'  P"^li«^-^  ^y  authority  of  he  Bo  ^1^      S 


Rbapinos  op  the  Mau.xk  MK„cua,Ar,  Ba„c.,etku,  Ab.k  Xo.  208,  ox  .oaud  the  Yacht  Fox 

lleiKlit  of  cistern  above  the  level  of  tlie  .sea  4  feet 
— ^_i^_P_*^J"_^^L^^_L_5i"^''««  +•     -'^'''*"  ^^'-  7^°2  ^^^  Long.  G50.3  W. 


RAY. 


4I1. 


D.ir. 


Til. 


20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
2,') 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


Inch.  o 

(1.033)    (n,--,) 

(.i;40)  I  (1)2) 

(•421)  :  (4,'>) 

(.732) 
(1.042) 

(.,'581) 

(.720) 

(.<i40) 

(.i;28) 

(.740) 

(.(JliO) 


Mean 
At32^ 


.713 


(4.^) 
(liO) 
(38) 
(48) 
Uu) 
(.52) 
(4(i) 
(49) 


8I1. 


Noon. 


Bar, 


liar.        Th. 


50.6 


29.G,'J6 


Irirli. 
1.093 
..'lOO 
.441 
.772 
1.032 
.531 
.740 
.1:20 
.628 
.710 
.636 


I  62 
I  45 
I  45 
I  60 
I  38 

48 
i  67 
i  52 
;'  46 

49 


lurh. 

0 

1.106 

58 

.453 

61 

.556 

52 

.8,54 

53 

1.006 

56 

.531 

47 

.728 

52 

.676 

51 

.651 

52 

.789 

54 

.588 

47 

41.. 


8li. 


Miilnight. 


Bar.      I  Til.   !    liar. 


.700   50.6      .723    53.0 


29.643 


29.657 


lUi'll. 

1.048 
.476 
.673 
.901 
.927 
.661 
.710 
.698 
.728 
.790 
.513 


59 
59 
54 
55 

54 
49 
50 
53 

56 
63  \ 

60  ! 


IlK-ll 

.931 
..542 
.664 
.967 
.839 
.702 
.690  I 
.696  I 
.7112  I 
.790  I 
.475  I 


60 
62 
57 
58 
55 
62 
51 
55 
59 
56 
52 


Bar. 


luch. 

.787 
.549 
.73) 
1.049 
.740 
.749 
.680 
.696 
.781  I 
.769  j 
.435  ! 


62 
66 
63 
6s 
59 
59 
57 
59 
61 
56 
51 


Muau. 


Bar. 


Th. 


Mean. 


Ataa^. 


739    53.8 


29.672 


•733  |57.0      .724    60.1 


Inch 
1.000 
.527 
.581 
.879 
.931 
.626 
.711 
.671 
.696 
.765 


58.2 
62.0  : 

52.7  i 
54.0  \ 
57.3  I 

48.8  i 
61.0  I 
55.3 
55.3  I 
51.8  i 
49.7  i 


Inch. 
.920 
.439 
.616 
.812 
.854 
.573 
.651 
.601 
.626 
.703 
.495 


29.658 


29.640 


722     54.2 


29.654  29.664 


The  column  for  4'  A.  M.  was  obtained  by  inlorpolalio,,,  the  dilTcrenco  in  the 

:t"«>"to:et';ir:itrl>^'  --'  """"-^ '° '"» '-^'-^  -^  "■«  -^-  ^"-o".- 

The  riMihnir  Ihr  4  A.  M.,  k'tween  October  1  ami  20,  bein.-  wi„tl„„  «,. 
sapphed  b,  ,uea,.  of  diffccces  of  the  aneroid  rcadin,.!  «r;«:d  IZ      '  "°" 


OF  THE  OBSEUVAT.ONS  FOR  ATMOSr„KR,0   PRES.nu.. 


Of) 


''■'"■™"=e::;rT;;rr=---;-^^ 


*•.,  . 
>„-'" 


*  Refers  to  28  iiiolies 


ItECORD  AND  REDUCTION 


V 
•A" 


H 


i  ■"  --^ 


r 


IJEADINdS  f)F  THE  MaIUNE  M 

EncnuAi,  IJAnoMETEn,  Adie  No. 

208, 

n\  noARii  THE  Vaciit  Fox. 

Deoombor,  1857 

2!)  Iiichus 

+.     Meaii  Lot.  74 

\3  N 

,  LoMj;, 

67^.4  W. 

4h. 

8h. 

Noon. 

4> 

81 

MianiKht, 

Monn. 

HAY. 

1 

llnr. 

Th.    1     Iliir.      1  Th. 

1      llivr.      1    Til. 

liar. 

Th. 

liar. 

j    Th. 

liar. 

1    Th. 

llnr. 

1     Th. 

llM'll. 

u 

hii'li. 

0 

liicli. 

0 

1    llll'll. 

0 

Ilirh. 

c 

llll'll. 

0 

Iiirli. 

0 

1 

1.22S 

57 

1,252 

49 

1.23C 

CI 

:    1.231 

47 

1.181 

49 

1.150 

68 

1.213 

60.2 

2 

1.11:14 

44 

1.008 

45 

.970 

62 

'      ,925 

61 

1      .902 

53 

.8,53 

67 

0.959 

5ii,3 

a 

."lis 

40 

.702  i  49 

.700 

01 

,000 

62 

j      .032 

52 

.598 

50 

0.099 

5ii.ll 

4 

..'■.7i> 

43 

.528 

42 

.494 

47 

.520 

51 

^      .52s 

52 

.47s 

!   47 

0.521 

47.0 

6 

.4.-II 

3; 

.410 

4s 

.328 

47 

!     .2,s2 

63 

.182 

55 

.147 

:  54 

0.3110 

49.0 

li 

.llii 

43 

.(is2 

41 

.140 

52 

,194 

55 

.278 

51 

.374 

•i'2 

O.190 

49.11 

7 

.4.M) 

43 

.582 

41 

.712 

4s 

i     .775 

.50 

..S47 

51 

.805 

61 

0.707 

47.3 

H 

.s.sil 

45 

.Sljs 

44 

.958 

51 

.904 

54 

1.023 

50 

1.055 

59 

0.958 

61.5 

!l 

1. 111^1 

45 

1.112 

50 

1.134 

1.126 

5s 

1.128 

55 

1.120 

68 

1.117 

63,0 

111 

i.orjii 

40 

1.022 

45 

1.090 

53 

1.128 

57 

1.128 

58 

1.150 

69 

1.090 

53.0 

11 

1.1112 

45 

1.100 

48 

1.185 

50 

'    1.201 

60 

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O  !■•   T  II  E   (J  I!  S  K  K  V  A  -r  I  t)  N  S    I '  O  I!    A  'I'  M  O  S 


i'iii;i:ic  riiK.ssuKi;. 


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February,  1858.    29  Inches  + 


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FmST  YkAU.       IlEnAPnTLATKiX  ,.K  MkAN  ItEAmN.I.  ruoM  T.,E  PUErP.DTN.l  UKCnun  .1,  THE  AneUOIU 

i.AU».METEB,  ,N«.  17701,  from  Scptcmljcr,  1857,  to  September,  185S. 


.V.  Lul.  \V.  L.I 


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Second  Year.-Kecapitvlation  op  Mean  REAmx.is  fro>:  the  ruECEn  •     ..v-  .11,  0    the 
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lid.loB 
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OF    TIM.   onSKllVATFONS    ,.„u    A  T  M  O  S  P  M  ,.;  U  ,  r    .' U  K  SS  U  1:  K. 


1)9 


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l-AiioNinKii,  AiiiE  No.  L'(i«,  <.N  niiARi)  the  YArnr  Fox. 

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2im;.".s 

2il,r»!0 
21M174 

2!i.riMi 
•Jii.'-liii 
3ii.ii'J.'i 


Ml.ln't. 


2!i.*)4ll 

afl,7'i" 

2ll.(,.i 

2'.i..'irM. 

2il..'illi 
211.5(12 
2!).s,«l 
oiMili) 


ii 

211.. 
2!i.' 
21M 


'..'lai 
,ni« 


ComparkoH  of  (he  Jiead;n<j.s  0/  (he  Ann-nUl  and  M.rrnnal  naromder,. 
The  i.remling  tabular  results  furnish  the  r,  .an.s  of  comparing  the  two  ha        .- 
tors,  ami  ofdeduc.ng  a  correction  to  the  indi>  aions  of  the  aneroid  l.aron.i 
cndei    to  give  the  rca.hng.s  obtained  fro.n  th,     nicrcurial    barometer,  refc.         . 
3      of  tcn.porature.    1  h,.s  correction  is  necessar:  -v  independent  of  the  temperatu 
the.e  xMug  no  thennon.etnc  readings  in  connect,  m  with  the  aneroid  :  any  co.ist: 
o  rect.on  lor  ddlorenoe  of  level  between  the  tu  ,  instrun.eut,s  is  iraeluded         . 

^"rbdl'tr        r  '"  r"^-"J'"^'  ^-^'■^--  ^  -^  the  ....  da,,  and  hou. 
cacli  Uenig  the  mean  of  si.K  observations  a  di'.y. 

Table  of  comparison  of  corresponding  mean  read  ng.s  of  the  mercurial  and  the 
aneroid  barometer,  and  resulting  correction  to  the  latter. 


I'ATE. 

MiTcuriiil. 

ls.'')7,  Soptomlier 

21i.{|,-,4 

Outdlicr 

211.714 

Niivcmlier 

2n.(i,^(i 

Dcci'tiilier 

'2'.iJ>r,r, 

I'TiS,  ,FalUl;\|y 

2;».r)::o 

I'uliruary 

2ii..'-i(;.') 

March 

2lt.^^l 

April 

30.U20 

Mean 

Aiieroiil. 


IlKli.... 

2Sl.*78 
2!).!i.'i!l 

2ii.fii;.'i 
211.771; 

2l).7:;!) 
211.7112 
30.1(1.^, 
30.245 


.1/-^  A 


iTI.ll. 

—11.224 

-11.215 
11.221 
'1.2111 

-  1.227 

-  '.224 

-  1.225 

-  .221 


These  differences  appear  remarkably  regular,  and  show  that  the  moan  monthly 
Hading.s  of  the  aneroid  may  be  relied  on  to  one-liundn  1th  of  an  inch      There 

readiro?ttT  ^^"^^r"^''-"^  f '"°^  ""'  ^  ^'^^P'^"^'""    •"  ^^-  ^"■^''-'  -  lo- 
re ading  of  he  barometer,  nor  is  there  any  variation  due  to  changes  in  temperature 

The  correction  to  the  aneroid  readings  to  refer  them  to  the  corresponding  reading.s 


'  The  mean  of  11  dnys,  from  Sept.  20th  to  30th. 

»  The  mean  of  21  day.s,  from  Feb.  1st  to  9th,  atul  from  Fol..  Htl.  to  "'ith 
1  he  mean  of  IG  ila^s,  from  April  1st  to  IGth. 


.r-ii 


'^m 


100 


K  E  C  O  11  D    A  X  D   i;  E  D  U  C  T  1 0  N 


Z  -> 
^ 


of  ihe  niorciiriiil  Laromotor  i.s,  tliorofuiv,  —  0.22  iiiclio.s.  This  qniintity,  strictly 
speaking,  is  coinpo.socl  of  two  parts;  the  first,  the  true  iiulox  error  of  tiie  aneroid, 
and  the  second,  the  specific  difference  of  the  two  instruments  in  diHerent  latitudes, 
the  mercurial  harumeter  (weighing  a  mass  of  mercury  against  a  mass  of  air)  being 
independent  of  a  change  of  gravity,  whereas  tiie  aneroid  barometer  is  sensible  to 
any  increase  of  gravity  as  we  proceed  to  the  northern  high  latitudes.  Witiiin  the 
limits  of  latitudes  GG°.0  N.  and  75°.3  N.  this  variation  amounts  to  0.014  inches; 
and  its  greatest  diflerence  from  the  mean,  say  in  latitude  72°.0  N.,  is,  therefore, 
+  0.008  inches.  This  quantity  being  smaller  than  the  uncertainty  of  the  results 
by  the  aneroid,  I  have  considered  it  as  a  correction  that  can  safely  be  neglected. 
The  formula  h  =  J>,,,  (1  —  0.0020  ms-  2  </;)  shows  tlic  variation  for  any  latitude  ^. 
North  of  latitude  45°  the  aneroid  gives  the  higher  readings. 

Rcsiilllng  mean  ■i-7iourJi/  ami  mean  moniJiJi/  readings  of  the  nun-nrlal  larometer  in 
tlie  months  of  September,  18-37,  and  Fehnian/  and  April,  1858.— The  results  for 
these  months,  given  above,  require  a  small  correction  to  refer  them  from  part  of 
the  month  to  the  whole  month ;  this  was  obtained  by  moans  of  the  known  aneroid 
readings  for  the  interval  when  the  mercurial  barometer  was  not  read,  the  index 
correction  —  0"'-.22  having  first  been  applied.  "We  find- 
Referred  mean  readings  of  tlio  mercurial  barometer  for  the  full  months  of  Sep- 
tember, February,  and  April,  of  the  first  year  : — 


K\\.U.\r,\;. 

Sli. 

Xoon. 

4li. 

81>. 

MMii't. 

Mo.Tii. 

N.  Llll. 

W,  I.ouf. 

MoXTlt.                1        4I1. 

7.r-.3 

71..') 
(JlJ.O 

(i.l^O 
(ill.  9 
.'•.7.7 

]S,'i7,  Si'ptemlier 
\K>H,  l'"el)ni.iry 
1>08,  Aiinl 

29.707 
29.i;21 
29.930 

29.71.') 
21l.(jli9 
29.922 

29.727 
29.1)48 
29.923 

29.732 
29.(i.'i3 
29.922 

29.72S 
29.(i.';8 
29.939 

29.728 
29.(i32 
29.93() 

29.723 
29.(137 
29.929 

The  following  comparisons  were  made  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  how  near 
the  mean  of  0  and  12  okservations  a  day  approximate  to  the  true  daily  mean  as 
derived  from  liourly  observations.  Tlie  following  mean  hourly  readings,  taken  for 
15  days  between  .lanuary  G  and  January  22,  1858,  are  taken  from  the  record;  also 
the  means  for  7  days  in  January,  1859,  and  for  15  days  in  July,  1851).  (Of  these 
ob,servations  I  find  only  the  results  recorded.) 


OF  THE   OBSERVATIONS    FOR  A  T  M  0  S  I' If  E  R  I  C   PRESSURE.      l()l 


Januauy,  1858.     For  15  Day.s. 


Ilonii  A.  M.  I         Bur. 


2!).7-lfi 
.7:i;i 
.724 
.718 
.7m 

.7mi 


Iloirn  A.  H[.  I?nr. 


IIoi.-ii  P.  M. 


7 

8 

(t 

1(1 

11 

Noou 


29.(;!)7 
.ti!t,5 
.7(1.5 
.722 

.7:ii 
.737 


nnr. 

2n.7;is 

.742 
.748 

.7.''i8 
.774 
.778 


Iliinn  r.  M. 


7 
s 

9 
10 
11 

llidii't 


Biir. 


21l.7f'2 
.7>7 
.7!Mi 
.71)2 
.7!m; 


Moan  of  24  observations  a  day    . 


29i"..74i; 

.741)    From  tlio  oven  hours, 


.748 


including  noon  and  midnight, 
and  at  eiiual  intervals. 


January,  1859.     For  7  Days. 


Iluni  a.m. 


li.ir. 


;!(t.(i:!7 

.(I2!l 
.(120 
.1113 
.(idli 
.0(13 


IIucR  A.  M. 


Bar. 


Hour  P.  M. 


Bar. 


Horn  P.  M. 


8 

SI 

10 

11 

Noon 


30.020 
.047 
.O.ID 

.(iri3 

•  O.IO 
.040 


30.040 
.031! 
.043 
.O.'il 

.or.3 

.0.^)1 


7 

8 

9 
10 
Jl 
Midn't 


Mean  of  24  observations  a  day 
"      "   12  "  " 


Bar. 

SO.O,"!! 
.('.■iO 
.049 
.039 
.040 
.043 


30iu..o;i8 

.038    From  the  even  hours, 
.041        "      "      "        " 

and  at  wiual  intervals. 


July,  1859.     For  15  Days. 


l[()i  II  A.  ,M. 


Bar. 


lloi'ii  A.  M.  I  Ba 


Horn  P.  JI. 


30.012 
.012 
.011 
.018 
.021 
.02li 


7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Noon 


30.040 
.0(il 
.071 
.072 
.073 
.OUG 


Bar. 


30.087 
.(19s 
.094 
.(i>0 
.071 
.00.') 


Iloun  P.  M. 


7 

K 

9 
10 
11 
Midn't 


Mean  of  24  obso-vationa  a  day 
"     "   12  "  <• 

"     "     (i  <i  <i 


Bar. 


30.0.';(! 
.04(i 
.03.5 
.02(1 
.022 
.013 


30iu..o49 

.049    From  tlio  even  houri, 
,047        "      I"      "1        11 

and  at  equal  intervals. 


The  rcsult.s  ,«liow  conclusively  that  the  hourly  and  bi-hourly  scrioa  give  the 
game  mean,  and  that  the  mean,  deduced  from  six  observations  a  day,  does  not 
materially  differ  from  either;  no  correction  need  therefore  be  applied  to  daily 
means  derived  from  readings  at  intervals  of  two  and  four  hours. 

Diurnal  Variation  of  the  Atmosplicric  Pressure. 

The  diurnal  variation,  which  is  almost  vanishing  in  the  higher  latitudes  of  the 

Arctic  regions,  can  only  be  satisfactorily  traced  by  means  of  a  combination  of  a 

great  number  of  observations;  it  is  also  frequently  masked  by  the  great  irregular 

fluctuations  ,n  the  atmospheric  pressure.    The  observations  were,  therefore,  grouped 


i:i 


-ell 


102 


KKCOHI)   AND    RKltUCTION 


■>■ 


ihe  first  part  comprising  the  results  in  BafTin  Bay,  from  .September,  1S57,  to 
Augu.st,  1858,  inclusive,  and  the  .second  part,  the  results  at  Port  Kennedy  ft-om 
September,  1858,  to  August,  185'J,  inclusive. 

For  greater  convenience  the  results  by  the  aneroid  have  been  reduced  to  the 
results  by  the  mercurial  barometer,  by  the  application  of  the  correction  —  O'- 221 

The  readings  for  the  hours  -1,  8,  12.  A.  M.  and  P.  M.,  for  the  first  eight  months 
between  Sept.  and  April,  were  taken  from  tiie  preceding  abstract  of  the  mercurial 
barometer  (the  readings  in  Sept.  February,  and  April  from  the  table  containing 
the  referred  means).  All  tabiilnr  numbers  Jbr  the  same  eight  months,  at  the  hours 
p  0,  10,  A.  M.  and  P.  M.,  are  derived  fn.m  the  readings  of  the  aneroid  barometer 
by  interpolation  by  means  of  difi-erencesj  thus  to  obtain  the  reading  at  10  A.  M 
in  September,  we  have —  ' 

Aneroid  reading  at  10  A.  M.  0.01.3  greater  tlian  at  8  A.  M.     Mercurial  baro- 
meter  i-eading  at  8  A.  M.  =  20.715,  hence  at  10  A.M.  =  29.728;  again,  aneroid 
at  10  A.  M.  O.OOo  smaller  than  at  noon.     Mercurial  barometer  at  noon  2U  727 
hence  at  10  A.  M.  =  20.724,  and  the  resulting  mean  from  the  comparison  of  the 
preceding  and  follownig  liour  becomes  29.720  as  given  in  the  table. 

The  annual  mean  for  the  hours  2,  G,  10,  A.  M.  and  P.  M.  is  obtained  in  a  similar 
manner;  thus,  for  10  A.  M.  we  have:  From  8  month.s,  Sept.  to  April,  mean  at 
10  A.  M.,  the  reading  0.020  greater  than  at  8  A.  M.  or  =  29.731  +  0  O'^O-  it  is 
also  O.OOG  gTeater  than  at  noon  or  =  29.71.3  +  O.OOG;  the  mean  of  the  two 
values  IS  29. /uO  as  given  in  the  table. 

Diurnal  variation  of  (he  atmospheric  pressure  during  the  year  fi'om  September, 
180/  to  August,  1858,  in  mean  latitude  72°.5  N.,  and  mean  hmiritude  05°.8  W  • 
nearly  in  the  centre  of  BafTin  Bay.  29  inches  is  to  be  added  to  the  tabular 
numbers. 


MCIXTII. 

21.. 

41.. 

.707 
.724 
.(i:il 

..ItiO 

fill. 

.710 

.70!1 
.030 
.547 

81.. 

101.. 

1  Noon. 

21.. 

4ii. 

(111. 

.730 
.7()2 
.080 

81.. 

101.. 

Mi.lu't. 

18,07,  Sopt. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 

.713 

.727 
.032 

.508 

1     .71,1 
1     .71ii 
'      .(13G 
1     .144 

.72(1 
.747 
.0(11 
..1,18 
.1)30 
.(144 
.,>-87 
.028 

.727 

.748 
.(142 

.730 
.7,10 
.0,14 
.511 
.520 
.040 
.880 
.920 

.732 
.704 
.074 

.728 
.700 
.074 

.727 
.755 
.007 

.728 
.750 
.047 

18.18,.Tan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
April 
May 

..107 
.(:2.'j 
.87.1 
.1131 

..111 

.1121 

.880 
.030 

.ns4 
.78ri 

..104 
.IU4 
.8(11) 
.920 

.,110 

.(Jolt 
.872 
.922 
1.003 
.79,1 
.741 

.521 

.(148 

.809 

.923 

1.009 

.527 
.053 
.894 
.922 
1.005 

.506 
.532 
.058 
.890 
.925 

.500 
.530 
.058 
.890 
.939 
1.010 

.506 
.524 
.048 
.S90 
.940 

.550 
.519 
.032 

.881 

.930 

1.002 

.Iiilv 

.72.1 

.815 
.745 
.721 



.743 

.812 
.751 
.743 

.753 

.819 

.805 

Aug. 
Mean 

.1)97 

.711 



.7,14 
.740 

.729 
.727 

.730  1 

j     .726 

.731 

.756 

.743 

Comploted  ) 
mean     J 

.733 

.750 

.745 

.750 

.753 

The  table  of  bi-hourly  means  tor  the  second  group  was  obtained  from  the  general 
recapitulation  of  result,  by  subtracting  0.221  from  each  mean  to  reduce  it  to  the 
reading  of  the  standard  marine  barometer,  and  by  referring  the  incomplete  means  at 
the  lK)ur.s  2,  0,  8,  A.  M.  and  P.  M.,  to  their  corresponding  value  for  a  complete  series 
of  12  values  by  a  process  similar  to  that  explained  in  case  of  the  preceding  table 


OF   Tin.:   OIISKllVATIOXS   FOR    ATMOSPiH.:Klc    I'ltESSUUE.      103 

Diurnal  variation  of  the  atmospheric  pressure  duriu-  the  year  IVoin  September 
18.J8,  to  August,  ISoO,  at  Port  Kennedy,  in  huitude  72^0  N,  and  longitude  94°  li 
W  2U  inches  is  to  be  added  to  the  tabular  numbers,  which,  as  well  as  the  pre- 
ceding  tabular  numbers  Ibr  1857-S,  should  be  considered  as  reduced  to  the  tem- 
perature 32°  (Fahr.). 


lull. 

Micln't. 

.88ii 

.7!!.') 

1.04!) 

I.ii4:i 

.Slil) 

.SilO 

.!)S() 

.:i7:t 

.!i:;;i 

.:il!i 

l.lSii 

1.17.1 

1.1  ri3 

i.iao 

.SftS 

.682 

Jul 

.723 

.1)2:) 

.934 


These  results,  when  expressed  analytically  by  means  of  Bes^^el's  form  of  periodic 
functions  with  application  of  the  method  of  least  sriuares,  become— 

1.  For  Bafhn  Bay,  1857-1858— 

Inches. 

h  =  21).743  +  0.013  mi  {0  +  5°)  +  0.004  «m  (20  +  159°) 

2.  For  Port  Kennedy,  1S5S-1859— 

Iiu'hes. 

h  =  29.925  +  0.021  sin  {0  +  22°)  +  0.009  6m  (20  +  150°) 

3.  For  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  1853-54-55,  for  comparison— 

Inches, 

b  =  29.705  +  0.003  s!n  {0  +  290°)  +  0.002  sin  (20  +  204°) 
In  which  expressions  the  angle  0  counts  from  noon  at  the  rate  of  15°  an  hour 

Ihe  comparison  of  the  observations  with  the  values  deduced  by  the  formuja)  is 
shown  in  the  loUowmg  two  diagnim.s,  in  which  the  ob.served  values  are  indicated 
by  dots. 

Dk'k.v.m,  VAui.vn„.v  »K  ATvosniKiiir  IMu.:s..ruii  ,.N- liAFi-i.v  lUv. 
Lulituilo  72''.5  N. 


i!9.7li8 
(13 

.     '         "~ 

^ 

' 



■  1 

—.-^ 

-' » r 

— 

.18 

• 

fi3 

- 

•  ^^^1^ 

• 

48 

■ 

• 

^'' 

■^ 

^"n^ 

29.743 

y^^ 

\ 

— 

38 
33 

♦V 

: 

28 

23 
2n  7ifl 

\. 

■—— — ''^ 

-i     ^       -_. 

• 

^■™   Midu't   2 

4 

6        8       10    Noon     a 

-  1 

4 

( 

G 

8        10    Mi 

dii't 

:>.: 


104 


RECORD   AND   REDUCTION 


.8115  - 


10    Koon 


1(1    Jliiln't 


llio^e  curves  have  in  common  a  maximum  at  about  7i  P.  M.,  and  a  minimum 
;it  about  4i  A.  M.;  the  hour  of  maximum  at  Van  Ptoussehior  Harbor  was  10  P.  M  , 
ulRM-eas  a  minimum  at  4  A.  JI.  is  hardly  perceptible  at  this  place.  A  secondary 
maximum  is  planily  indicated  at  Port  Kennedy  about  noon,  and  a  secondary  mini- 
nunn  about  2A  P.  iVI.,  which  secondary  minimum  seems  to  correspond  with  the 
prmcipal  minimum  at  Van  Eensselaer  Harbor  at  li  P.M. 

aiie  range  of  the  diurnal  lluctuation  of  the  barometer  is  as  follows  :— 


1.  In  Bum  11  l?iiy 

2.  At  Port  Keiinody  . 

ii.   At  Van  Kens.SL'liiLT  lliulior 


0.028  inclies. 
0.04S      " 
0.010      " 


TIenco,  between  latitudes  72°.2  and  78°.G,  there  is  a  diminution  in  range  of  0.028 
niches,  at  this  rate,  the  diurnal  lluctuation  would  become  insensible  (be  less  than 
0.001)  in  about  81°  north  latitude. 

The  following  table  of  observed  bi-hourly  means  is  added  for  convenience  of 
reference  and  for  comparison  : — 


4 
6 

8 
10 

NiKin     . 

4 

(i 

8 
III 
-Miiln't     . 

Mean 


Bnffln  Eiiy. 

Port  Kennedy. 

Vnn  Rpn.s^olner 

Lat.  72  .5. 

Lilt.  72  .0. 

ijiit.  7tr.r>. 

29.733         . 

29.0(10 

29.7G5 

.TSO 

.897 

.766 

.720 

.894 

.t66 

.731 

.923 

.T68 

.750 

.935 

M^ 

.743 

.933 

.T68 

.745 

.930 

.t59 

.753 

.939 

.708 

.750 

.940 

Ml 

.751! 

.948 

.TOO 

.753 

.934 

.?Tt 

.743 

.925 

.708 

29.743 


29.925 


29.705 


AiiiiiKtl   Vdrtation  nf  ihc  Atmospheric  Pressure. 
The  mean  monthly  height  of  the  barometer  is  obtained  directly  from  the  pre- 
ceding iablcs,  showing  the  diurnal  fluctuation,  by  applying  to  the  monthly  mean 


OF   THE   0J3SERVATI0NS   FOR   ATMOSPHERIC   PRESSURE.      1()5 

U.e  correction  for  i„,lox,  +0,007,  and  the  ro.lnction  to  the  level  of  (he  .ea,  +0,005. 
10  the  table  I  have  added  for  con.parisuu  tlie  values  for  Van  Ilensselaer  Harbor 
(also  referred  to  the  level  of  the  sea  by  applying  +0.005). 

Monthly  Mean  Readings  of  tue  Barometeh  at  the  level  of  the  Sea,  and  at  .'32  -  Fai.r. 


Month. 

.Tnminry 
Fulii'iinry    , 
jMiirt'h        , 
April 
-Alay 
June 

July 
August 
September 
October     . 
Xovcmbcr . 
December  . 

Mean 


1357-8. 
Baffin  liny. 
Lnt.  72'. 5. 

2n..'J32 
2',(.C4y 
29.8!)3 
29.940 
*30.014 
29.81? 
2n.'i53 
29.730 
29,735 
29.750 
29.005 
29.570 


l,S,iS-!t. 

Port  Konni'ily. 

Lilt.  72  .0. 

29.979 

29.933 

30. 1 73 
*3().179 

30.010 

29.913 
29.704 

29.741 
29.899 
29.798 
30.052 
29.872 


isj.i,  -s-i,  ■;,-,. 

Van  Iii>n.«selii(jr. 
Lut,  78  .0. 

29.773 
.848 

.m 

.903 
*.942 
.Tlf 
.til 
Mi 

.T56 

.?«§ 

29.753 


29,755 


29938 


29,775 


It_  should  be  remembered  that  the  monthly  means  in  the  first  column  were 
obtiuned  while  the  ship  wa.s  drifting  and  sailing  in  BalTin  iJav,  on  which  account 
the  annual  fluctuation  may  not  appear  as  plainly  as  if  the  ship  had  been  stationary 
in  the  middle  latitude  72°.5  N.  "^ 

_  The  maximum  in  each  series  has  been  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  •  it  occurs 
either  in  April  or  May.  The  occurrence  of  the  minimum  does  not  a-rrc'e  at  these 
stations;  in  Baffin  Bay  it  occurred  in  January,  at  Port  Kennedy  in'julv  and  at 
Van  Rensselaer  Harbor  in  September-showing  plainly  that  more  observations  am 
required  to  fix  the  season  or  month  in  which  it  takes  place  on  the  avera'-e  '  ' 
The  preceding  monthly  values  arc  represented  by  the  formuUo :—     '°  ' 

1.  For  Baffin  Bay,  1857-8— 

B=  29.755  +  0.155  sht  {0  +  304°)  +  0.11.3  s!n  {20  +  23G°) 
(Greatest  difference  between  an  observed  and  computed  value  =  0  04  inoho«^ 

2.  For  Port  Kennedy,  1858-59—  '  ^' 

Ii=  29.938  +  0.137  s!n  {0  +  17°)  +  O.IOG  s!n  {20  +  232°) 
(Greatest  difl'erence  between  observed  and  computed  values;  in  October  —0  1^ 
in  November,  +0.11).  '  ' 

3.  For  Van  Rensselaer,  1853,  '54,  '55— 

5=  29.775  +  0.079  sm  {0  +  4°)  +  0.044  sin  {20  +  194°) 
Expres,«ed  in  inches,  and  0  counting  from  January  1st,  and  at  a  rate  of  30°  a  month 
The  computed  annua   range,  or  the  difference  between  the  highest  and  lowest 
monthly  mean,  is  as  follows :—  lowcst 

Baffin  Ray     . 
<•  Port  Kennedy 

Van  Rens,sclacr 


U 


0.44  inches. 
0.41       " 
0,21      " 


KM) 


r.  E  C  O  It  D    A  N  D    l\  K  I)  U  C  T  I  O  N 


Ffikinu;  llio  nioiin  of  tlio  oxprossions  for  tlio  throe  stations,  the  foHowintr  formiilii 


fiinii.sli  the  type-curve  for  hit.  71°.l   N.,  mid  Ioh.lc 
amiudl  viiiiiition  of  the  iitinospheric  j)ressiiro : — 

liwhvf. 


77°.0  W.,  'br  the  iflnnxd  aiid 


/>  =  2!).82:J  +  0.012  ,shi  {()  +  UCn  +  0.00?  shi  {20  +  171°) 
n=  29.82;)  +  0.124  .s-m  {0  +  318°)  +  0.088  sin  (20  +  221°) 


i^«f 


L     i 


Diurnal  Extremes. 

The  Irregular  oscillations  from  day  to  day  are  suhjcct  to  an  annual  variation,  as 
oxliihitod  in  tlie  followiiiji;  table  of  average  differences  in  the  atmospheric  pressure 
on  consecutive  days.  The  daily  changes  were  made  out,  irrespective  of  sign,  and 
were  ol)tained  from  the  comparison  of  the  daily  means  of  the  aneroid  readings. 

To  the  two  localities— IJaffni  llay  and  Port  Kemiedy,  I  have  added,  for  com- 
parison. Van  Rensselaer  Harbor,  and  also  a  column  for  a  mean  of  the  three 
localities. 


18. 

7-S. 

IS.IS- 

9. 

1,S.M,  '51 

,  '55. 

Uuflin  liny. 

Port  Konnoily. 

Van  Uen.3 

oiner. 

Mean. 

72'.,')N.  Lat. 

72',()  N 

Lilt. 

78  .fi  N 

Lfit. 

SrplcmlK'i' . 

.     0.17 

iiches. 

0.12  inches. 

0.11  ini 

lies. 

0.13  inches 

October 

.     0.19 

o.ai 

0.15 

0.18 

2s'ovcinl)(;r  . 

.     0.22 

OM 

o.n 

0.18 

December  . 

.     0.21 

o.tt 

0.26 

0.20 

Jammry 

.     0.2G 

0,11 

0.17 

0.18 

Fcl)riinry     . 

.     0.20 

0.16 

0.2G 

0.21 

Alarch 

.     0.22 

0.12 

0.17 

0.17 

A  pril 

.     0.19 

.  am 

0.12 

0.1  fi 

May   . 

.     0.10 

am 

0.14 

0.10 

.luiio  . 

.     0.12 

OilO 

0.10 

0.10 

.Inly  . 

.     0.08 

0.14 

0.09 

0.10 

A  ni,'ii.st 

.     0.11 

o.ia 

0.10 

0.10 

Jleaii 

.     0.17 

Oi,iSi 

0.15 

0.15 

In  Baffin  Bay  the  progression  is  more  regular  than  at  Port  Kennedy;  the  mean 
from  the  two  stations  compares  very  favorably  with  the  result  deduced  from  Dr. 
Kane's  observations.  The  oscillations  in  the  winter  months  are  twice  as  great  as 
those  in  the  summer  months. 

Tiie  larger  variations  in  the  atmospheric  pressure  liavo  already  been  noticed  in 
the  discussion  of  particular  storms  in  the  preceding  part  of  the  paper. 


MonthJij  and  Annual  Extremes. 

The  following  table  contains  the  observed  maxima  and  minima  of  the  atmos- 
pheric pressure  in  each  month,  as  ob.served  by  or  referred  to  the  mercurial  marine 
barometer.      (At  •".2°  Fahr.) 


OF    TIIK   UJiSKi;  VAT  IONS    I' Oil    A  T  M  O  S  1' II  K  U  I  (•    I'KI^SSUUK. 


107 


; 


Month. 


Scptcinlier 

(Ictl.luT 

Novriiilicr 

lli'i'i'inlicr 

.I.'Miii.'i  cy 

Krl.iiiiuy 

Manli 

April 

M.iy 

•hum 

July 

Augu.st 

Mean 


li.U'FJN  ll.\>,  lS57-5». 


Mux 

3(1. 

8(1. 
HO. 

311. 
3(1. 
311. 
3(1. 
3(1. 
3(1. 
3(1. 


3(1.40 


Mill. 

li'.i.lU 
'Js.iis 
lis.  SI 
2.S72 
2s.  (;7 
211.(1(1 
2S.(;3 
2;i.l8 

2:i.:;i 

211.2(1 
2:1.34 
211.32 


29.04 


Uiln^f. 

1.22 
l.ri2 
1.38 
1.47 
2  'M 
1.3(1 
2.1-1 
1.4s 
1.(13 
0.il2 
(1.112 
0.74 


1.3(J 


I'mir  Ki;.NNt:iiv,  |.s...s-j'.l. 


Max. 

31 1. 1 -J 
3(1.48 
3(i.4il 
3(1..1,''i 
3(1.34 

;i(i.3s 

lid.Cd 
31.(1,') 
3(i..'jii 
3(l.4'< 
3(1. 3i; 
3(1.27 


3(1.47 


Mill. 

2:1.0,; 
2:1.111 
211.42 
211.23 
211.,M 
211.23 
2:1. 'm 
ail.C.'i 
21i.,''i4 
2:1.43 
2S.7.-I 
2l).2ti 


2:1.32 


Itiiii^'i- 
l.dC 

i.:;2 

1.(14 
1.32 
(1.83 
1.1.'-) 
1.(13 
1.4(1 
(i.liil 
l.d.-i 
l.CI 
1.01 

1.1,1 


I't'It  rtMII'Artl^uN 

Van  Kknsski.\k(i  II.iiukiii, 


Ma.\. 

30.1.1 
3(i.:i:i 
3(1.3:1 
:'.d.4:{ 
30.44 
3(1.4,1 
a(i.41t 
3(1.37 
3(1.111 
3(1.111 
211.1(7 


30.  (i; 


3(1.31 


Mill. 

Uuii-o. 

2:1. (14 

1.11 

211.(1.1 

1.2s 

2-. 11.1 

1.4'- 

211.(18 

i.in; 

28. S4 

l.Cl 

211. 1  8 

1.31 

2;i.28 

l.dli 

211.111 

1.311 

211.41 

d.7^ 

211.40 

(I..I7 

211.22 

(1.83 

21).  14 

1.17 

The  monthly  range  i.s  greatest  in  winter  and  least  in  summer  in  BaflTm  Bay  and 
at  Van  Rensselaer  Harbor;  at  Port  Kennedy  the  amount  of  range  is  rather  irre- 
gularly distributed  over  tiie  year. 

Absolute  observed  maxima  and  minima  and  extreme  range  (corrected  for  index 
error  and  referred  to  the  level  of  the  sea  by  the  addition  of  0.01). 


LocALirv. 

Mn.-!. 

Date. 

Min. 

Unto. 

Uiinge. 

Bamii  R.iy 

Pint  Ki'inUMly 

Van  Itens.-iel.icr  Harbor. 

3(1.113 
31.d(i 
30.1)7 

.Ian.  ;!d,  MS. 
April  12,  '.1:1. 
,lau.  22,  Ti.l. 

2s.(!4 
2S.7(! 
2S.84 

Mar.  11,  '-.8 
.lulv  10,  Ml). 
Fub.  Ill,  '.14. 

2.2:1 
2.311 
2.13 

EdutloH  of  the  Atmospheric  Pirsmre  to  the  Binction  of  the  Wind. 

In  thi,s  investigation  the  aneroid  readings  alone  have  Ix'en  cmplo\cd.  For  this 
purpose  the  daily  readings  at  the  hours  0  A.  M.  and  G  P.  M.,  and  at  noon  and 
midnight,  were  compared  with  the  corresponding  mean  of  five  days  (two  da\s 
before  and  two  days  after  the  day  in  question).  This  sul)stitution  of  the  pent'he- 
mers  for  the  monthly  means,  as  normals,  was  considered  a  desirable  improvement. 
Each  difference  was  in.serted  in  the  column  for  the  respective  wind  (eight  in  iill 
with  a  column  for  calm.s).  Tn  the  exceptional  ca.se,  where  no  observTition  was 
made  at  one  or  the  other  of  the  above  hours,  the  observation  at  tlie  nearest  hour 
adjacent  was  substituted.  A  +  sign  indicates  a  pivssure  higher  than  ihe  mean 
a  — sign  a  pressure  lower  than  tlie  mean.  The  following  table  contains  the  ivsiilt.s 
arranged  for  two  localities  of  one  years'  observations  for  each  (commencing  with 
September) ;  the  results  at  Port  Kennedy  for  the  S.  E.,  S.,  and  S.  AV.  wiiid.s,  are 
contracted  in  one  mean  on  account  of  the  scarcity  of  wind  from  these  directions. 
Tlie  results  for  Van  Rensselaer'  have  been  added  for  comparison. 


'  Exclianging  tl.c  magndic  for  the  trno  diccctidn,  on  pngo  111  oC  l)f.  Kanc\s  mi.lcorolo.Mcal  ivcu.J 
iiiid  tlisciissioii  ;  a  corixcliuii  ulruidly  rcfciixtl  to  IrIuic.  ° 


.iiil 


■^■' 


■  it 


KKS     RKCOKI)   .VM>    UEnUCTION    OF  THE   0  J5S  E  K  V  A  T  I  O  N  8,    ETC. 


I) 

irecli 

I'll  (trut^) 

(.f  Ih 

u  wimi, 

N. 

1,^ 

!•;. 

s. 

!•:.  . 

s. 
s. 

\y. 

w 

N. 

w. 

ISS7-.'iS. 
linfliii  lliiy. 
Lat.  72  ,S. 

+  0.(131   illfllM. 
+  0.(1(19 
+  (Ml(»7 

—  O.U3(J 

—  0.005 

—  i\  (107 

—  0.010 

—  0.022 


IS.IR-fi!), 

I'lirt  Konni'ily. 

Lul.  72  .0, 

+  0.004  iiidie.s. 
—  0  024 

—  o.on; 


l8.-,.V4-.'i. 
Viin  I(t'iis.«i'lai'r. 

Lilt,  Vti  Ml. 

—  0.022  inches, 
r— 0.014 


[•  4-  0.015 

+  0.(105 
+  0.003 


Culm 


+  0.035 


+  0.012 


O.OOO 
+  0.038 
+  0.045 

—  0.031 

—  0.031 

+  0.005 


nml,    ou.don„g  the  short  period  of  observation,  and  the  probable  irre-^ula  ity   a' 

T  ,0      "      ;  1  ^"'"'"'^  ''"•■'  '•''  ^''^'■""'^''-'^  ^■'^  '''^■''^'-  °»  ^''«  average  0.017  inei, 
sulof  ^    '      n   7  '^"";*'*'"'^  ^"^^"'  ^'"""'"S  the  ca]n.s  and  n^ddn-Mhe  algebraic 
sum  oi  the  results  for  each  place  e.ual  zero)  are  contained  in  the  ex;res^iont_ 


Inches. 


For  Baffin  Bay         fS  =  +  0.015  6m  {0  +  27°) 
For  Fort  Kennedy    (j  =  +  0.015  sm  {0  +  181) 
For  Van  Eensselaer  /3  =  +  0.018  sin  {0  +  24G), 
The  angle  Q  counting  from  fho  nnrfli      TLr^o^ 

.•mmiuil  (0  010  i„ol,o«    nf  „        .  7,        expression.,  givo  nearly  the  same 

.iiimiiiit     u.uio  niche)  of  elovalrng  and  depressing  cflfccl  of  tlie  winds  on   II,,. 

;v.ere  uie  wind  is  n.ncu  s„,..  \:>^^\:^.^^::;;r^:r^:z^i 


APPENDIX. 


■•■-«fc#^ 


> 


APPENDIX. 


REconn  OF  t„e  ^  eatheu  kew  on  board  the  YAcnx  "Fox,"  fuom  July  2,  1857,  to  Sn.TrM,.F„  1  s 
185  ;wm.  .NoTK.  o.v  t„.  Svkcp.c  Guavitv  ok  Ska  Watkb,  on  t„k  State  ,  t„k  ^  u"  u! 
ANct  of  Animals,  etc.  etc.;  on  tue  Auuoua  Uokealib  and  ^tmo.pueeio  I'.ienomkna 


The  state  of  the  weather  is  indicated  by  the  following  letters  (Reaufort's  notation) :- 

r      Til..-   _i 

p  Passing  showers. 

7  Sciually. 

r  Rain. 

»  Snow. 


EIuo  aky. 

Clouds  (delaohoil). 

Drizzling  rain. 

Foggy. 


Gloomy. 

Hail. 

Lightning, 
m    Misty  (hazy). 
o    Overcast. 


Thunder. 

L'gly  (threatening)  appoar-anco. 

Visibility,  ohjoots  at  a  distaneo  nnusnally  visililo. 

Wet  (dew). 

Snow  drift. 


A  bar  (— )  or  a  dot  (.)  under  any  letter  augments  its  signification. 

ho  J,  •  n^^Siat':/; ;;";;;;!"'  °' ''' '''''  °^  "'^  ''"'''''■  "-^'^^'^^  ^^^  --  -^^^  -  ^-^  or  the 

The  position  of  the  vessel  is  given  in  the  preceding  record.     The  specific  cravitv  nf  =«n  n,„f„, 
determined  by  Twaddcl's  hydrometer,  that  of  distilled  water  be  ng    'o  0     l'  e  tenlratn^    n7"' 
water  and  atmos,,heric  pressure  have  already  been  stated.  ten,perature  of  sea 

The  specific  gravity  of  sea  water,  in  the  last  column,  is  given  in  units  of  the  fourth  place  of  decimals 
as  indicated  by  the  heading  of  the  table.  "■"  I'late  oi  aecimais, 

PhnoL''nh-°T  T"^  ^^-  ^-  '^"''""'  ^-  ^^-  *^-  ^-  '"  '^'  J"'y  ""■"''-.  1860,  of  the  Edinburgh  Vew 
Philosophical  Journal,  it  has  not  been  deemed  advisable  to  publish  the  observations  for  anfountTf 
ozone  ,n  the  atmosphere     It  is  evident  that  the  amount  of  discoloration  of  the  papers  ex,     cd  d 

.n  a  great  measure,  on  the  air  passed  over,  and,  therefore,  presents  the  combined -elTect  of  t  e  c,  iitS 
of  ozone  and  the  strength  of  the  wind.  quuiitity 


"  >  ■ : 


11-2 


A  I'PKNDFX. 


•- 


'*x.t 


I  >' 


July,  1857.    ItKcmii. 

IF  THE  Wkatiieii  kkit  <> 

V  IIOAIII)  TIIK 
4li. 

Vaciit  Fox 
8h. 

WITK  UKNKIlAh  IlKMAIIKM 

HAY. 

41. . 

»!.. 

Noon. 

Midnight. 

Hpi'i'lrli'  llniv.  cif 
Ht'tt  W»i«r,  l.ci. 

1 

* 

II 

11 

u 

1 

11 

r 

11 

II 

.•I 

(■ 

II 

11 

1                        '* 

II 

2nr> 

4 

r. 

r 

tl 

11 

11 
II 

11 
II 
II 

II 
11 

2iir) 

2117 

t) 

<■ 

/<  r 

r 

h  r 

11 

11 

2:>2 

7 

/;  .- 

u 

/i 

h  r 

(1 

2nr) 

« 

,- 

tl 

tl 

292 

Id 
11 
lU 

/' 

(/  lit 
ii 

til  n  7 

r  III  y> 

//I  tl  r 

in 

h  r 

o  r 

m  n 

m  0 

ll 

V  m 
itt 

/ 

h  in 

2!I4 

2iir) 
2!iri 

1.1 

(, 

(4 

'* 

;i(io 

14 
15 

r  m 

0 

II 
d 

hi' 

.1(111 

Hi 
17 

m 

m  / 
m  0 

in 

in 
11 

he 
11 

;!02 

3110 

1.S 

/• 

\l 

(1 

11 

" 

... 

111 

/, 

r 

h  c 

3ti2 

20 

r 

() 

ll  r 
!■  in 

g  r 

11 

it 

•  •• 

21 

m 

(t 

in 
II 

It 
It 

''12 

/■ 

11 

tl 

23 
24 
2.'i 

tl 

(' 
tl 

It 

11 

/ 

h 

11 

It 
It 
r 

302 
300 

2(J 
27 

4 

br 

11 

tt 

11 
11 

310 
3110 

28 

If 

(• 

c 

0 

c 

280 

29 
30 

0  r 
1,  ,■ 

r 

(I 

0 

0 

(■  in 

II 
c 

ri  r 

,'t(iO 
2!)5 

;ji 

h  r 

'' 

" 

t( 

II 
tl 

II 

II 

29.') 
285 

lionrs  ill  sight  of  tlie  ice. 


NOTES  TO  JULY  KKCORD, 
1st.  Aberdeen. 

T.ii.  Porpoi.ses  going  cost;  a  shearwater  nnd  two  loons  seen  ;  fulmar  petrels  constantly  in  sight. 
Stii.  A  shearwater,  an  Arctic  tern,  and  several  fnlnuir  petrels  seen. 
9th.  A  whale  seen. 

11th.  Fulmar  petrels  con.stantly  in  sight. 

13th.   Alountains  of  South  Greenland  seen  ;  Cape  Farewell,  X.  66°,  W.  W  ;  fulmar  petnl..   kjiti- 
wako  gulls,  also  strange  petrels  in  sight. 

14th.  Fulmar  and  strange  petrels,  and  kittiwakes  in  sight;  seveu 
IGth.  Loons  arc  not  uncommon. 
17th.  Sailing  tliroiigli  heavy  pack  ice. 
ISth.  Sailing  througli  heavy  pack  ice. 
19th.  At  noon  in  harljor  of  Frederiukshaal). 

23d.  Anchored  at  1''  30"'  I'.  M.  in  Fiskernaes  Harbor. 
25th.   Hove  to  off  (ioodliaab  8  A.  M. 

26tli.  One  rorqual  seen,  mollymauks,  and  an  occasional  skua  gull. 
2Tth.  Mollymauks  as  usual. 

28th.  A  skua  gull  shot;   considerable  nnmber  .seen;   one  black  whale  seen.     Specific  gravity  of 
water  in  110  fathoms  1,0275,  temperature  31°.5 ;  at  surface  1.0275,  teraperatur.  370.0 
31st.  Ill  Licvely  Harbor. 


APPENDIX 


113 


August,  1 

857.   <5«''"nt,orTnKWrATn.aKE.ToNM».A,,,,T.,KVA,nTlM,x,un„.>oK>..v,,,u:M^.,K. 

nAV. 

41.. 

81.. 

Noon. 

4i<. 

8i>. 

MMuIght. 

f*''ii  W'ut.'r.  1,0. 

1 

2 

e 

II 

II 

hr 

II 

f» 

liHO 

4 

h  r 

n 

ti 

It 

o  r 

hi- 

r 
if  V 

0   f 
1.  r  ., 

li 

t 

II 

f 

11  ^:» 

7 
H 
!t 

tt  f 
f 

ti  r 

o 

f 

1,  ,• 

V  ti 

f 

•]o 

1' 

l>  (■ 

ti  r 

r 

It 

(1  1 

*U7M 

11 

r 

/, 

ui  r 

I 

It 

*::im 

^■^ 

i, 

14 

' 

** 

11 

.... 

l:l 

/, 

*' 

11 

11 

•  1.)' 

'14 

1,  r 

,, 

h  r 

11 

11 

21.1 

i:. 

ID 

h  r 

II 

11 

II 

(1 

11 

11 

2.111 

17 

/' 

t( 

" 

./■ 

" 

*2M 

10 

u 

C  III 

m  n 
11 

c  m 

III  il 

11 

It 

11 

0  H 

2.;m 

2.111 

20 

(■  III 

)/(  « 

t. 

*2.;(i 

i!l 

r 

11 

r  III 

//(  A 

/• 

*2.;ii 

22 
23 

III  o 

c  o 

hi 

f 

11 

lU   0 

c 

«2.lii 

»2.:ii 

24 
2.'. 

III- 
c 

II 

(1 

ho 

c 
11 

I.  c 

2.;2 
•2.;m 

2ii 
,^7 

<l 

h  (■ 

)/i 

III  ft  r 

r 
c 

d 

*2.I'* 
*2iil 

28 

r 

./■ 

c 

l>  •■ 

(' 

It 

•  •),;.> 

2!) 

h  r 

III  1) 

0 

;!o 

U  r 

It 

f> 

b  1,1 

6 

ll 

».'lill 

:u 

o  s 

"  ''!/ 

/ 

.'/  fit  0 

1( 

♦■>,;  1 

1 

1 

1) 

11 

11 

'.i<;ii 

NOTKS  TO  AliiViiT  KKCUISD. 
l.st.   In  Disco  Fiord  ;  cider  ducks  nbiindnnt. 
2(1.   One  bluck  wlmle  and  several  roninul.s  seen. 
3d.  Off  LssHMg  Point ;  immense  llucLs  of  ducks 
4tii.  At  itittenbcnk. 

A  few  rotcliios  seen. 

^el^!r""rr  '  '"°''  °"  '^°""'  '^'-^  '^"^'  "'  '•'•°^'^"'  »■"•  f-"'l^-  "t  Upcrnavik. 

oCVcral  rntc  Lifiu  coi.i.  ' 


5tli 

Ctli 

7lh.   Several  rotcliies  seen. 

8tii.   !?aiiin{^  amongst  loose  ice. 

lOtli.  Off  the  Devil's  Thumb. 


12th.  Steaming  through  ice. 

13th.  Specific  gravity  of  fresh  water  on  the  iccbcr"-   1  001 

lith.  At  midnight  (14th  to  15th)  fast  to  a  berg  so^lh  of  Brown's  Island. 

Ifith.  Kunnmg  through  lanes  in  the  pack. 

nth.  Running  through  lanes  in  the  jmek  and  beset 

18th.  IJeset  in  Melville  Day. 


'  Speoiflo  gravity  of  sea  water  markeil  with  .in  asterisk  C»1   tik.m  f,„™  .if..., 
rarer..,  p„blisl>e,t  by  the  Boanl  of  Tra.lo.     Lo„"o,     '          Msfli   JZ  "  .    ,"""'""  "'  "^■'^"™' "«-■•" 

mile  ofl- shore  ;  ha.l  hoKlins  groun.l ;  coaling  at  liitt.  .ilH.'.k  '"  '  ''"'""'  ^'''"'  """-""^^^  "'  '' 

'  SpeoifK,  gr.'vity  in  lU  f^C^  '     ""  ^''^^^  ^"'^  "'•  "'l'-^"  -^'.t  on  a  he,,  wa.  1..010. 

''^  ...  1  n"'i  11 

<.    05       „  ...    1.(1...  ....      2!i.r, 

'  Cajv,  Walker,  N.  00^  K.  (true) ;  Cape  Melville,  N.  i'w.  (true).  "  •        •        •        ■      31-5 


Jll 


APPENDIX'. 


:4 


Pi 


20tli.  ThiTo  seals  Hprn, 

21. St.  Two  sciil.s  sliot. 

2Uli.  Olio  seal  shot.  ' 

-'(Ith.  Two  g-laiicoii.s  {riill.s  sliot. 

'si!;:  Tir::;:':,:;"  ^  """^" "°"  ^^■"■"'-^  ^"-"^"  ^"«  '-^  ^-^i-  ■"!'-' 

2;uii.  Capo  .Mclvillo  X.  8°  10'  \V.  (Inie). 
30th.  Capo  Melvillo  X.  10°  30'  W.  (true). 


September,  1857.     REconn  or  t„.  W.Ax.r.a  kkpx  on  .o.un  .„k  Yacht  Fox,  ,v,t„  oe.kha. 

HEMAKKS. 


DAY. 

4ii. 

81.. 

Noon. 

4l». 

Sh. 

Midiiiijlit. 

Sp.Tillr'ririU-.  u( 
N'li  \Vat(!i-,  1.0. 

1 

// 

I>c 

2 

a 

4 

Ill   0 

f 

fo 

m  n 

e 
f 

*2(iOi 
*2(Hi 

2.'i 

0 

f 

C  0 

'■ 

" 

/ 

*2li(H 

/' 

c 

*2iiiii 

7 

V 

b^: 

c 

*2.^S' 

«8 

no 

0  s 

/ 

s 

/■■'■ 

r  s 

f 

s 
c 

u 

0 

'11 

V 

Vt   0 

12 
13 

/' 

ill 

(( 

r  s 
lie 

s 

f 

14 

1/  0 

(i  I- 

11 

s 

n 

f'^ 

b 

*1(J 

It 

" 

u 

l( 

17 

l> 

n 

(1 

(( 

c 

l.S 

1, 

u 

" 

a 

" 

];) 

h 

(( 

C{ 

" 

" 

11(1 

1, 

1( 

(( 

JJ 

" 

l( 

21 

h 

11 

" 

U 

22 
21! 
24 

f 
1, 

(1 

h 

h 
he 

/. .' 

be 
r 

(i 
(1 

25 
2(i 

b 

h 

f> 

b  r 

b 

m 

27 
28 

V 

III 

h  r 

be 

u 

(1 

f 

" 

2;i 
;io 

<i 

h  c  m 

c 

./■ 

c 

C  III 

c 

u 

b  r 

' 

NOTRS  TO  SIU'TKMliKU  RKCORD. 
1st.  Four  seals  sliot ;  beset  in  Melville  ]5ay. 
2d.  Three  seals  shot. 
3d.  Three  seals  shot. 
4ih.  Two  seals  shot. 


28.8 
2i).0 
29.0 
29.0 


..    ..    i,;.)r,  f.„,  ■        •        •     ■'•^■''"'  Temporatiiio    . 

in  /.)  latlioms  .        .        ,     j  ooin)  „ 

"  "        "     "     li   r,(i        II  ," "'  ... 

•'"  ...     1.(I2!I2  '< 

"         "     "     "  S8         "  1     .    .  ... 

^  SSl:;:"n  ""■  ""iiT"'  ^"■'"^'  '-i"-i^wi,;ioBS^  ^n,  «..„,,  ,„.;;.    •  •  ■ 

^  J^  At  9  A.  M.,  dry  bulb,  23.0,  wet,  22.5  ;  .ivo  seals  and  a  burgomastor  ahot ;  at  10  P.  M.,  .tr,  bulb,  32.5,  wet 
'  Snow  Inintings  seen  ;  a  rin,g  dotterel  shot. 
'  I.owo..,e..,  wot  buU,  ..^ aio,  biill  v:4^  at  9  A.  M.,  dr.  b„n,,  20.0,  wo.  ,,u,b,  20.0 ;  „  .™.  ail.  a  l,„r,onias,e,.bo^^ 


AITENDIX.  ' 

5th.  A  black  «-lmlcsecn;  Rounded  in  88  f,„|,on,s;  ydloui.h  mud;  six  seals  obtained 

(.111.  Soundings  in  8a  fathoms ;  yello'vish  mud.  ™i.,  outamtU. 

Vtli.  A  Trinija  shot. 

8th.  Soundings  in  86  fathoms ;  same  J)ottom. 

0th.  Soundings  in  94  fatlioras ;  mud,  shells,  and  stones. 

Kith.  Soundings  in  83HathoDis;  stones  and  mud. 

1 1th.  Soundings  in  83  fathoms;  stones  and  mud. 

l-'th.  Soundings  in  80  fathoms;  soft  rand 

nth.  Soundings  in  94  fathoms;  mud. 
18th.  Longitude  by  Jupiter's  first  satellite  HSO  5'  W 
19th.  Faint  aurora  at  2  A.  M. ;  sounded  inl]4  fathoms  ;  stones  and  mu.i 
2  ,st.  ^o  bot  om  with  120  fathoms ;  wet  bulb  25.5,  dry  bulb  20  5. 
22d.   Sounded  .n  135  fathon,s  ;  mud  and  sand ;  two  bears  seen. 
2Jd.  Sounded  in  130  fathoms  ;  soft  mud 
^^^24^11,^  Specific  gravity  of  surface  of  sea  1.0250,  at  29°  temperature;  two  bears  seen  ;  Aunt 

25tli.  Faint  aurora  from  X  N  W  to  S  «!  iv  .  („.„       i        i 

'^•!th.  A  rave.,  shot.  '  '""  ''"''  "'"'  "  ^''""'^""^  «""  «"'"• 

27th.  A  raven  see.. ;  at  2  A.  M.  a  slight  aurora  in  the  B.  S.  F 

-'St!..  >o  bottom  with  140  fathoms. 

29th.  Two  bears  see... 

30th.  Many  shooti.ig  stars  at  midnight  (30th  to  1st). 


115 


uirora in 


October.  1857.     IIecobd  or  thb  ^YKAT,^Ka  kept  o.  boahb  t„b  Yacht  Fox.  witu  ukneka. 

IlE.MARIvS. 


DAY. 

2li. 

4I'. 

Gl'. 

81'. 

Kill. 

Noon, 
m  0 

2li. 

4... 

Cli. 

8i>. 

lOli. 

'Mi.l't. 

1 

2 

it 

II 

(1 

c 

... 

s 

II 

3 

f 

(( 

<( 

c 
be 

t( 
ft 

he 

b  r  m 

(■  m 

o 

b 

HI  0 

0 

m  0 

f 

it 

It 

ii 

11 

4 

5 

(J 

7 

8 

!l 

10 

11 

Vi 

in 

h 

c 

b 

(( 
be 

V 

bv 
f 
1 
f 

(( 
(( 
(( 
o 

(( 
(( 

m 

11 

be 
c 
(t 

/ 

o 
it 
11 

b 

r 
ti 
{( 

It  m 
II 

,s 
h  m 
bm 

11 

h  r  711 
11 
(( 
it 
11 

Jn 
ti 

II 

(1 

It 

h 

b 

e 
b  c 

It 

11 

h  c 

c 

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If 
U 

11 
0 

c 
It 

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f 

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1( 

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(1 
ti 

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11 

ft 

he. 

h 
It 

V 

c 
(1 

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b 
f 
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bm 

ii 

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h 
11 

c 

it 

ii 

r  m 

/ 
it 

14 

s  z 

n 

U 

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f 

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I,'-. 
Ill 

0 

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0  : 

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11 

0 

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It 

t( 

m 
o 

h  {*  ill 

f> 

b  m 

m  o 

it 

17 

V 

II 

;, 

" 

11 

m 

c 

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ti 

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11) 

m 

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m 

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20 

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22 

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in 

11 

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24 

„ 

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m 

b ,- 

11 

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s 

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ti 

2(! 
27 

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r 

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h  r 

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be 

III) 

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he 

V 

It 
(1 

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b  ,• 
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c 
It 

II 

m 
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b 

V 

"  1 
"  ! 

ft 

— — 

1 

11() 


Al'I'ENDIX. 


■ } 


V'' 


4, 


^  \ 


Nirri'S  T(l  (ICToliKU  HKfdltl). 

2ii!'  in^I- Iu't^  ^''- '  "  """''^""  "'"«'''  '^  ""^  ^"«^  ;  ''  "-'^  ^''  -''--l"^k«  ...Hi  a  raven  ..en. 
3(1.  Dawn  at  5'''  llj'"-,  dusk  at  r'- 
'llli.  Dusk  at  C"-  3(1- ;  at  11  1'.  M.  an  nnrorii  in  W  X  W 

<_.  n.  X  a«n  at  5  ■  20-;  (ncl  lor  sonn.hngs  with  140  fatlioius ;  .lusk  at  0"   30- 
...   Dawn  at  5  •  35-,  dusk  at  iV-  2.V". ;  two  boar  tracks  near  the  ship. 
Sill.  Dawn  at  5''  35"'-,  dusk  at  f)''-  lo-- 

z.'^:!;^7i;r:::::t^:°  "■■  '■ '-  • "-  ••  "■■  »"^  •  -» »» ■  --'  ••  «'■ «- 

lllh.   Dawn  at  C'-  0'"-,  dusk  at  [>''■  lO'"- 
13th.  Dawn  at  5.'-  35"> ,  du.sk  at  5'''  Jil)"'- 

swliubs^;::;' "" "'"  ■ '"' "'  '"■  '••'"'  ^"^  ^"""«  '^°  °i'^-^^  '^■-  --  ->-  -'  '-gth ., .  .u,u 

ir)th.'  Dawn  at  .5''-  30"'-,  dusk  at  .')''■  30'"' 
r.i!l.  ''"■"  "'  '"■  """  ■  ""'  '"  '"■  ''^"" '  ^^"'^  '"  "'«  ""-  °^  -t- 1  tried  (V,r  soundings  with  1 G5 
nth    Dawn  at  G'-  15-,  dusk  at  5..-  15".- ;  high  land  seen  fron,  north  lo  X.  E.  hy  E.  (true)  •  se.ls 

I8th.    Dawn  at  C,<'-  30'"',  dusk  at  5'''  ()"'• 
l!)th.  Dawn  at  (;.'■  45"',  dusk  at  I''   ;!0'"- 
'-'0th.  Dawn  at  C'   50'" ,  dnsk  at  4''-  25"'' 

L'l.sl.  Dawuat  (i'"  50"',  duskat  4''-  15"'  ;  di-stanlland  Ix.^uin..  !•■   \    i:     ,  .  . 

•-'2d.   Dawn  at  C.-  45'" ,  dusk  at  4.-  lO-  "  "  '""  '  "  ''"='-'  '*'•'"'  '''"■ 

23d    Dawn  at  7-  50'",  dusk  at  4.'.  35'"  ;  a  fox  track  near  the  ship,  and  a  seal  seen. 
24th.   Dawn  at  7i'-  0">-,  dusk  ut  4''-  30'"- 
25th.  Dawn  at  &'■  35"'-,  dusk  at  4.''  20'"- 
^  2Gth^  Dawn  at  V-  50'".,  dusk  at  4.'.  15"',  Cape  York  N.  3:  E,  (true)  ;  Cape  Dudh,  Digges  X.  50° 
27th.  Dawn  at  7''   0"'-,  dusk  at  4''-  30i"- 
'  m!'  d"T'  U  ^M""/  ''"'  '^'  '"■  '"'"'  ^'"=  '™  °I'^"">f^'"'"l  i"  -"otion  near  the  ship 

40''^'  .^  •!""  '^'  ' "   "r  '  ^'''"  '""  "''  ""'"■'  "''''''^  ^^'"'  ^''"'  '-y  '^«  i"  ""  '".■cc.ions ;  dusk  ut  3.'. 
■10'"  ;  lec  m  motion  and  water  space  increasing. 


'  Thickness  of  snow  fallin,  ,lunn,  thrco  or  lour  weeks,  2]  inclu.;  tl,i.k„.s.  of  i.e  0.0 


monlli  ol.l,  l,-,.t,  iiu'lius. 


AT  I' EX  I)  IX. 


November,  1857.     Uecoui)  (if  the  Weai 


2li. 


li 

r 

7 

111  z 

8 

III 

0 

tn  a 

10 

V 

11 

III 

12 

III 

13 

m 

14 

III  n 

ir> 

III  o  s 

k; 

s  z 

17 

s  z 

is 

III  o 

19 

III 

2(1 

III  s 

21 

III 

22 

III  0  z 

23 

0  z 

24 

c 

25 

he 

2(i 

liz 

27 

h  z 

28 

/^ 

21) 

V  z 

30 

tl  0 

4h. 


Ill  (I 

C  II 


h  ,■ 


h  c 


TIIEU  KEPT  ON  IK.AllI.  THE   VacIIT  FoX,   WITH  liENERAI, 
HEMARKS. 


It'll-         Ndiiii.    j       2li- 


6  c  m 


ll  z 

C  III   n 


III   n  Z 
l( 

4  ,: 


III  s 

III 


h  r 
h  r 


I,  c 
It  z 


41.. 


ll 

ll 
III  11 

III  II 

11 
il 

(1 


I, 

ll  z 
llV 

I, 

I,  r 


8li. 


o  z 
(I 

b 


((h. 

Mi.l't. 

t( 

// 

(( 

(( 

I,  c 

ll 


ll  III 

b  r 


KOTi;s  TO  »N0VKM11EU  UliCOUD. 


SO'"-,  dusk  at  21'   f)0" 
40'"-,  dusk  at  3I'  30'" 

SO'"-,  du.sk  nt  3'''  30'" 


l.st.  DinvM  iit  T' 

2d.  Diiwii  ut  7'' 
feet  3  iiiclics. 

3d.  Dawn  at  f 

4ili.  Dawn  at  S''-  0'"-,  du.sk  at  3'-   1;V 

5tli.  Dawn  at  7''-  30'"  ,  dusk  at  3''-  l^i" 

Cth.  Dawn  at  V'-  45'"-,  dusk  at  3''-  15" 
two  seals  seen. 

Ttl...  Dawn  at  V-  45'" ,  dusk  at  3".  15'"  ;  lanes  of  water  in  all  directions  ;  two  dovekies  shot  •  slL-ht 
streak  of  aurora  neur  liArizon  ii:  the  S.  E.  nfter  G  V   M  ""veiut.s  snot ,  Mi"  lit 

8th.  Dawn  ut  81'-  lO'"-,  dusk  at  3i'-  0'"-;  several  seals  seen  •  s  !•   m   r  •  ,  •      ,     ,., 

9th.»  Dawn  «f  ,si..  ;.n..'    ,.„.,.-  „.  o,.   ..„  .'  ■^""^^'•'^"  -  «  '  •  ^^-  f"M,t  aurora  ■„  ti,c  AV.  X.  W. 


8  1'.  M.  u  bear  cano  to  the  shij)  aiid  wa.s  shut;  len-th  7 


ice  in  motion  ;  lanes  of  water  in  the  S.  \V.  and  \.  W.  ■ 


9th.»  Dawn  at  .S''-  30'" ,  dusk  at  2 


■'"'• ;  iee  in  motion,  opening  and  closing ;  several  seal.s  seen  ; 


nt  10  I  .  M.  several  shooting  stars,  and  a  faint  lunar  rainbow 


liolnU ';t:,:L.!"™'"  """"'"'  '""""  '""'^^■'•^  ^^"-  "^'--  f--  «>«  f--'"  --l-  or  Metooro.o,iea,  Papers  of  tho 
.1  ro.i.   „  ■  1   •  1  .     ,      "i-<-i™9ing  in  oMent  to  14-' ;  again  on  following  ,n^ut  j,,  jj  ;>;   w   ,,,,..•,„„  , 

lor  an  Lour  and  u  quarter.]  """""'"""'  '""  '^'  """•'^  "  "l'I"-^'->  l""'<-  "P  i"  cl^^tache.l  iiioces.    It  continued 


118 


A 


■■  -J 


APPENDIX. 


mil.'  A  (lovc'kic  scon  ;  two  seals  shot ;  ilusk  nt  2i'-  OO'"--  «  P  Ar  ci;,t .  •     ,.   „. 

12tli.  Dawn  at  8''-  20"'    dnsK-  nt  oii.  mni  .  „  i      ,  • 

,o„     „  ,  ,  "iihK  at  .'     ■*"'";  a  (lovckic  scon  ;  tircc  spiils  sliot 

15tl.    Dawn  at  V-  a^,,.  """'  ""  "'^'  '^''  '^''"■■^'""S  "P  »''e  '"^^^v  ic«  ;  dnsk  at  2^'-  23'"- 

one  shot !  ;:;;.!  2'-  30.:.:  '"  "'°^"'^' '  ^^^■^■-'  '"■-«  l-'«  "f  -'tcr  ;  a  na.whal  and  man,  seals  seen. 

Ifith.  Dawn  at  9|..  15.... ;  a  seal  shot  and  a  dovekic  se.n  ;  dusk  at  2..-  15- 

nth.  Dawn  at  9''.  30..'-,  dusk  at  2''-  O."- 

18th.  Dawn  at  9|..  35...,  dusk  at  2'.-  S".- ;  a  few  seals  and  narwhals  seen. 

1    h.   Dawn  at  9  ■•  30....,  dusk  at  2'.-  O'... ;  two  or  th.-ec  seals  seen. 

2()lli.  Dawn  at  9"-  45>",  dusk  nt  2"-  0".  ;  one  seal  seen 

21.st.  Dawn  at  91.-  45'"-,  dusk  at  a''-  15...- 

22d.  Dawn  at  9i.-  5n..> ,  dusk  at  l''.  50".- 

23d.>'  Dawn  at  9'.-  45-  ;  one  seal  seen  ;  8  P.  M.  aurora  near  the  Iiorl.on  in  the  S  P  ■  nf  ,  •  I  •  i . 
aurora  from  N.  W.  to  S.  W.  and  S.  E.  "on^on  in  the  6.  h.  ■  at  midnight, 

24th.  2  A.  M.  aurora  at  the  S.  E.  horizon  ;  dusk  nt  I''-  45.'.- 

s;!;: "::: :: :;:  r:  ^^  :i ;:  ^:  •  -  - ' '-" "  -'" "-' "-  *"  ■  ■*  °» -  -^ 

27th.  Dawn  at  IQi..  0'.>-,  dusk  at  l''-  50".- 

28th.  Dawn  at  10''- 5.",  dusk  at  1'.   35'. 

29th.  Df.wnat  101'-  O'..-,  diiskat  l''- 35."-  , 

SOth.  Dawn  at  lO''-  15".,  dusk  nt  l''-  10"'- 


r>eeem;,er,  1857.    Record  of  the  WEAxnEii  ,;kpt  on  board  the  Yacht  Fox,  .vitii  cieneuai, 

KEMAHK.S. 


BAY. 
1 

1      21". 

l>r 

2 

1,  r 

3 

bv 

4 

b  •• 

6 

b  V 

li 

in  z 

4h. 


Cl.. 


8 
10 
II 
1:2 
13 

14 

ir, 
]i> 
17 

l,s 

l!» 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 
26 
27 
28 
211 
30 
31 


c  m 

b  V 

b  V 

b 

m 


b  c. 
b  0 


81.. 


101.. 


he 


Noon. 


21.. 


m 
b 


m 
fit 


b  V 


n 

111  .s 

ni  z 

b    I! 

b 


b  r 
b  c 


h 
b  V 


b  c 
b 


b  III  z 

b  1) 


b  c. 


Ill  n 
b  III 


c  0 

m 

bz 

(t 

be 

V 

b 

m 

b  0 

6  m 

V 

c 

he 

he 


c  m 

ni  n  z 

h 


6I>. 


c  m 

hv 

(( 

b 

III  : 
b 
b 


bo 


101.. 


bv 


bv 
b 


Mid't. 


bv 
c 

b  III 
(1 

be 


bv 


b  r. 
b  II 


be 


III  s 
b  V 


b  1- 

it 

bv 

(( 

(( 

in 

(( 

tit  s 

<( 

h   V 

b  V 

in  e 


be 
III 

bv 
III 


b  e 


b  V 

s  z 

e 

b  r 


III 
b  III 


'  I  mil,  iiililiiiu'lit.    Sliirlit  in  S.  K.  (tnu').l 

'  VS.U,  UM.Iiiinlil.    V.Ty  liridit  till  2  A.  M.  in  N.  \V.  to  S.  K.  (ln.,.).l 

ton  tl.o  l,;tli,  tlHckiR...is  or  i.e  2  loot  \  iial,  ;  inciuase  since  U-il  luuath,  8  iacho..- 


-/;.  v/T.  J' 


711  Ci.  J 


A  r  r  E  N  n  F  X . 


:::i:i::((:z:~\L::^:::: 


midnight  (9tli  to  lUtli),  aurora  from  E.  N.  E.  to  E.  S.  E. 
0  1'.  M.,  faint  aurora  in  the  soutli,  streaming  towards  tlie 


NOTKS  TO  nKCi:.MI!i;U  RKCOUD. 
1st.  Dawn  at  10-.  3,.". ,  d„sk  at  l'-  S- ;  ico  crushing  up  at  the  edges  of  ,he  noe. 

2(1.   I);uvn  at  lO''- 30'"-,  dnslv  at  111-  lO'"- 

3d.  Dawn  at  10''-  30'",  dusk  at  !''•  0">' 

4lii.  Dawn  at  II".  O'"- ;  a  well-marked  halo  and  several  para-  ''■^--:.-;:;: 

sclcna>,  7"  to  10'>-  P.  M.,  consisting  of  five  fal,<e  moons,  throe 
arcs  of  l:alos,  and  a  horizontal  belt  of  light  round  the  heaven 
and  passing  through  the  moon. 

TMh.  Dawn  at  IC-  30'"-,  dusk  at  O--  SO™- 

Ctli.  Unable  to  read  by  light  of  the  sky.  

Uh.    Dawu  nt  ll"-  O- ;  several  cracks  near  the  ship;  one  seal  seen. 

Sth.  Dawn  nt  II"-  0™- ;  dusk  at  0"-  ao-- ;  the  cracks  nearly  closed 

9th.  Dawn  at  11''-  5'"- ;  dusk  at  0''-  45 
(true),  also  several  shooting  stars. 

10th.  Dawn  at  11''-  0"',  dusk  at  1''-  30 
zcnitii. 

11th.  Dawn  at  ll''-  30'"-,  dusk  at  0''-  30'"- 

aur'ora  in'x"T  "'"  '"" '  '"'  "'  °"'  '''"' '  ^'  ^^  ''■  ^""^"'^  ™  ^°  -"'"--d  ;]  10  P.  M.,  faint 

JTv  ^"  V  t  T  "'"'/''"''  "'  ""  ''"'  '  "  ^'-  •'••■  '^■•'■S''l  "'■^"■•'^  i"  S.  E.  ;   10  P.  M    aurora  from 
^l\\\    -.f-  ^'"''  "^""  '■'^^■^'  "'^''  ^">-^  ^''""""S  "P  I'^-'^^J'^  t''«  '-e-'ith. 
14th.  .  A.  .M    faint  aurora  towards  the  southern  liori.on  ;  dawn  at  11"-  10'"    dusk  at  0"   15'"  • 

f IStht  uZ  T-T  '"'"■'  ?"''  '\  '"■  ''■"  '  ^"•"•"'  ^''""''"^'  ^'"-  '^«^^^'«'^"  5  »-"^  C  I'.  M.  ;  midnight 
?h:1'::^}I::?^Z^  :r'''''''-    t'''"'^^--  ^^^  -  3  .et  0  mchcs  ,  increase  siuce'last  mouli; 

W.  and  N.  W.  ;'the  electrou^ie; ts tT.'.sIilJ  Lia^'^'"  '''  °""  """'•'  ""°«^  '"^^  ^""''"  ^-"^  ^-  ^» 
S.  t^N.  R  "  ''  "'■  '""'  '"'  '^'  '"■  '""■  '  '  ''•  ''•'  ^''""^  '^"'■°^''  ^- '°  ^•'  10  I''  M.,  bright  aurora 
18th.  Thickness  of  September  ice  3  feet  0  inches,  overlying  closely  packed  snow  Gi  inches  •  4  A    Af 
aurora  stdl  v.sdHc  9"-  45'".  A.  M.  aurora  disappeared ;  dawn  at  11-'  i5™.,  dusk  at  0"  s" '4  I^M 

wUZZ^""'  '°  ''■  ""'  '•  ''-  '''''''  ''"•°"«"  ^"«  -"^"  ■'  1«  ^••'^^•.  -rora  S  S.  E.  to  S  S.' 
^^  _mh.  Dawn  at  11".  45"'-,  dusk  at  0".  35'"-;  a  wide  crack,  X.  W.  and  S.  E.,  half  a  mile  from  the 

20th.  Xo  daylight. 

21st.  Daylight  at  11".  45'"-,  dusk  at  0"-  15™. 

22d.  No  daylight. 

23d.  Xo  daylight. 

25th,  20th,  27th.  Xo  daylight. 

45'"- 

45"'  ;  small  lanes  of  water,  and  several  fresh  cracks  near  the 


28th.  Dawn  at  11".  25'"-,  dusk  at  0" 
29th.  Dawn  at  11"-  O"''.,  dusk  at  11" 
ship. 

30Ui.  Dawn  at  11''-  15"-,  dusk  at  0" 
3 1  St.  Dawn  at  10"-  30'"-,  dusk  at  0" 


45™. 
50'". 


[No  birds  seen  and  only  one  seal B.  of  T.  Papers.] 


''t!il 


Uard  packed  snow  C]  inchu-i  tiiii-k. 


120 


-I"' 


4'- 


J 


-,.  \ 


I  1  ^--•4»  1. 


r?  .  * 


m^ 


AITENDIX. 


January,  1858.    J!kcoiid  of  the  \\katiiku 


HAY. 

2li. 



1 

hv 

2 

h  n 

■.i 

h  I' 

4 

h  r 

III  : 

C 

r  III 

7 

1,  f  c 

8 

III  ; 

II 

III  z 

1(1 

I,  c 

11 

III 

].! 

til 

l:i 

m 

J-i 

h  c 

l.-j 

III  s 

ii! 

III  s 

17 

111  s 

IS 

h  c 

111 

I,  <■ 

211 

III  s 

21 

m  z 

III 

2;i 

21 

111  s 

b  r 

2.-, 

til 

2il 

III 

27 

III  s 

28 

1,  I' 

21) 

lu- 

yii 

ll  r 

ol 

li  r 

vEI'T  ON  130AIII)  THE  YacHT  FoX,  Wmj  OENEKAt 
liEMAI'.KS. 


lull. 


(( 

m 
m  ,t 

4( 

ll  c 

lit 

III  z 

III 
I,  r 


Noon. 


h  z 

<( 

h  r  HI 

ll  I- 


21i. 


h  V 


r  III 
b  r 


4li. 


Ul.. 


8h. 


b  I- 

111        V 

be 


b  ,: 


b  V 


b  r  II, 
b  r 


lllli-    iMid't. 
b 


b  c 
b  : 


bv 

l( 

b 

u 

11 

m 

he 

hi  s 

711  Z 

a 

bv 

b„ 

he 

b  z 

(1 

m  s 

III  z 


NOTKS  TO  .rAM'AUV  KECOIU). 
1st.  Daun  at  lO'..  45-,  d„sk  at  1>-  0">  ;  temperature  in  snow-lmt  -Ifio. 
2d.  J  )awn  at  10''  .■}()'"•,  dusk  at  1 1'-  30'"- 
3d.  Dawn  at  ll''-  lO'"- 

4tli.  Dawn  at  111'-  lO'"-,  dusk  at  0''- 3.1>"- 

5th.  Dawn  at  ll''-  15'"-.  dusk  at  !''•  Ki'"  •  n  !.,.,«  „r  ..,„*      •     .1 
(true) ;  one  seal  .een.  '  "  '^  ""'"  '"  ""'  ^■'=^*  ^■''"-'"''"•S  ^'-  «•  «'h1  S.  W. 

fitli.  Dawp  at  10''-  4.')'"  ,  dusk  at  !''•  15'" 
7tli.  Dawn  at  10''- 45"',  dusk  at  l^'- 30™' 
Stli.  Dawn  at  10''- 35'"-,  dusk  at  !'•  30'"- 

lOtli.  Dawn  at  10''   5'"-,  dusk  at  l''-  1,'j'"-  ' 

1  Ith.  Dawn  at  lO-'-  30"  ,  dusk  at  S--  30".. ;  n„rora  near  tI,o  S.  W.  horizon  at  0  P  Ar 

12th.  Dawn  at  10''  30"'-,  dusk  at  l''-  45'"  •  .>t  '^  I'   m   o      .  t     r    ""'"'""  ai  j  j  .  m, 
(true).  '  ■      •  "^  l"^'*^''  ""^ '""'"™  '^    "'J0«  I'orizon  S.  hy  E. 

13th.  Dawn  at  9''- 50"'.,  du.sk  at  2''-  1 0"'- 

14th.  Daylight  at  1)1'.  40'",  dusk  at  2'''  5"'. 

irnh.  Dawn  at  IQi'-  15'".,  dusk  at  2i''  10'"- 

10th.  Dawn  at  lO'''  0'"-,  dusk  at '"'•  0"'- 

18th.  Dawn  at  gi'.  15"'-,  du.sk  at  2''-  40"'.  " 

lOlh.  Dawn  at  0''-  40'" ,  dusk  at  2''-  4,5'". 

20th.  Dawn  at  9''  30'" .  dusk  at  911.  akh\  .  .„„„  ... 

"•»" -■ ."■■ ■■'  "n.-  '»..  ;v:xr;;;v:::r.';:'::  Lt:^  -"" " '- " '° 


APPEND  I  \' 


■  i  nincli  refraction  in  the  S.  R. 


a  halo  round  tlic  moon  at 


IV  M. 


Slst.  Dawn  at  9''-  30™-,  dusk  at  3''  0'"- 

22cl.  Dawn  at  9'''  lO™-,  dnslj  at  3'''  15" 

23d.  Dawn  at  9i'-  30"'-,  dusk  at  S''-  0'" 

24th.  Dawn  at  O''-  O"',  diisk  at  3i''  15'"- 

2oth.  Dawn  at  9i'-  0'"-,  dusk  at  3''-  15'"  ; 

20tli.  Dawn  at  9''-  O'"-,  dusk  at  3''  30"i' 

2i th.  Dawn  at  8'''  45"'-,  dusk  at  3''-  )>()>"■ 

28tb.  Dawn  at  8"-  25'"-;  sun's  upper  liml,  appeared  at  11"  25'"-  •  refraction  W  -iV    no.l„  .•      n 
l.oig..t  of  the  eye  (5  feet)  ;  sun.  upper  li.nb  di'sippeared  at  L-  O.-  '.n^t    ttk       3^  45™  ^'""'^'  '"^ 

at?   V       ,</.,'''■'  "'"'^  "'^'^"  '""'^  "'''•^'"•'^''  "'  "''  lo™.  n,.  t.,  disappeared  1- 05,,,  .  j,,,,, 
at  3   _45-;  10  men  bmlt  two  houses  in  30  minutes  ;  mercury  fro.e  at  about  _41o.  ' 


February,  1858.    Recoiu>  of  t.ie  Weather  kept  on  boaui,  the  Vaci.t  Fox,  with  (.eneua,, 

UE.MAUK8. 


1 
2 
3 
4 

5 
(i 
7 
8 
9 
1(1 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
l(i 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2(i 
27 
28 


21.. 

h: 
he 
he 
hm 

I'V 

in 
I.  r 
m 

l>  111 
h  III  ; 

in 

r  III  :: 

hin 

hz 

lirz 

he 

h  : 

ire 

m  z 

he 

in  s  z 

he 

h  e  z 

hez 

0  q  in  z 

c  in  z 

he 

VI  s 


I 


41.. 


Gil- 


he 
III  A 
h 
he 
h  e 

l( 

hez 
/.  ,• 

(( 
(( 
(( 


gh. 


lOli. 


Noon. 


(( 

/.    .■ 

« 

(( 

u 

(( 

(t 

tl 

h   V 

(( 

(t 
be  z 

he 

he 

(( 

(( 

« 

hz 


hz 


o  in  z 
o  in  z 


m  o 
<■  0 


o  in  3 
he 


III  z 

he 


he 


he  z 


he 
h  z 


41.. 


'-  (■ 


fill. 

in  z 
h 

1( 


8ii- 


/.  (■  ; 


h 
hm 


hin 
hi: 


III  z 

e  in  z 
h  in 

h  e 


101'    iMid't. 


m  o 

/-  e  ,s- 


h  e 
he 


hm 

h  e  z 

e  in 


h  m  z 

hez 

n 

he 

e  in  z 

he  z 
(( 

0  '/  m  ; 

hez 

he 

e  n 


h  r 


0  z 
h 


NOTES  TO  FniiUtlARY  UUCORD. 

2d.  Dawn  at  8"  0™- ;  sun's  upper  limb  appeared  at  10"  10'"  ;  no  soun.ling  with  170  fathoms  ■  several 
ew  erack.s  ;  crro-stratus  moving  to  S.  E. ;  dusk  at  4"  1 0'". ;  9  P.  M.  aurofa  faint  in  ti"e  S  E  'l  orim 
for  about  ten  minutes ;  ,0  P.  M.  an  auroral  areh  in  the  S.  E.,  visible  for  one  hour,  fain    from  S   E 

!::„;'  "'^^-'''';«™'^'««  °^  ^''«  '^^'^^^  touching  the  hon^on ;  the  S.  E.  extremity  was  the  brig,  est 
with  an  occasional  stream  towards  the  zenith.  "ngiuest, 

3d.  Dawn  at  7"-  50'"-;  min's  upper  limb  appeared  at  10"  5™  ;  dusk  at  4"-  20™  •  at  II  P   M   nn 
arch  of  an  aurora  from  S.  E.  (true)  horizon  to  the  zenith  ;  ice  in  motion.  °" 


122 


API'EXni  \'. 


p-i  i 


"»     .>u     ,  »  until  la  1  .  .AI.  ifc  III  inolioii  iieiir  the  ship 

Wi.  Ito»ii  „t  Ji..  30"  i  ,„,„■«  ,i|,,,c,  linil,  ,li,a|,,„„,i  „,  21..  4,,.,..  ,,„,,,  „  ,„,  3„ ,,„. 

to  S.' E.''""  "'  '"  ''"' '  ""'  ''^  '"  '"■"  '"''''  ''■  ^'-  " ^""'*  l-^''^'>'-  '  1"  r.  M.  aurora  from  X.  E. 
^  JOlli.  2  A.  M.  Bliglit  aurora  from  N.  to  S.,  passing  tbrougb  tho  zenith ;  dawn  at  V^-  30-,  dusk  at 

K.  x'e.^;;;;  wTw!"" ' '"' '' " """'  "^  '"'^^  "■"  °'  ^^■^'^  ""•=  "'"<=  "^'-"  «<•  ^'^  «i"i'  --ing 

12lli.  Dawn  at  7''-  2(1"'-,  diisiv  at  5''-  0'"- 

J'1^1s1-;5mV"Tp  m""''  '""7""-  ''"'■'  P--'- halo  round  ,1.0  .„n;  several 
,  (lll^K  at  o     1 0  "■ ,  1 1  p.  M.  aurora  near  hori/on  between  S.  S.  E.  and  E. ,  with  vert  cal  ravs 
or  s  reaiuers  half  way  up  to  the  zenith,  areh  about  14°  above  the  horizon  ^ 

at  S^'oo^'Tmo  ?"'V   M  'Z"'^''  "°""^  "f  """"  ""'  ""'  '^'"'"^'"  "^"-^  ^«°  -^  3G0  ;  dnsU 
J     -IP    ,  T     to  .1     I  .  Al.    .iilo  fturora  iicur  hot-  koii  between  K  S  f^    nn.i  i?    v   p       -.i        ,-    , 

«..  '2;  p 'S'"''"  ""';'  '  i"^-  f^-  ""'■"'■"  '•''"■^'"  ^-  ^-  •^"''  ^- !  'I''"'"  -^t  fi-..  50". ,  dusk  at  5-.  20™.  • 
ceased  ""■"     "''■'  "'""  ''°  '''""  "°^'"^°"'  '^^'"-"  «■  «'  ^-  -">  E.  ;'  10  P  M    auLa 

be^::',  ?^s"k  1  Tr  "^'  "  "■  ^'"'  '  "^  "^''^"'^''^  ^^^^"-^°"'^  -^  °^  ~  «°  above  horizon, 
and  W'  s'w"  H  t  '°'"  \"  ""'  '""'  ''""*"  *"°  '""''^  •"'^'''  '■™"'  ^'-  «hip,  and  extending  E  N  E 

22d.  Dawn  at  6"-  3i)™^;  tried  for  soundings  with  180  fathoms;  several  seals  and  dovekies  seen  in 
widejanc  to  the  north  of  the  ship,  also  a  bear;  dusk  at  5...  40...,'at  midnight  (22;-23d;  Moro:.: 

23d.  Dnwn  at  C-  15'"-,  dusk  at  C''  0" 
21tli.  Dawn  at  C'  lo'" ,  dusk  at  S''-  o™- 
25tii.  Dawn  at  C-  0'"-,  dusk  at  C'-  O'". 
26th.  Dawn  at  C'.  O'"-,  dusk  at  C'  10'"- 

27th.  Dawn  at  5'.-  55-  dusk  at  G"-  IS--;  snow  melted  against  ship's  side  in  tho  sun  at  9  A   M 
te,n,.er_ature  in  shade  -22o ;  a  seal  shot ;  dovekies  seen ;  at  noon  ilack  bulb  thermolnctL  -^o jj 

2stl,.  Dawn  at  G"  0"'  ;  no  water  in  sight;  dusk  at  G''  I;.  -  niidnid.t  Omh     Kl^  i,  . 
mt.on,  diameter  43  -  altitude  of  moon  10^  (2Slh_lst)  halo  round  the 


A  IT  KM)  IX. 


123 


March,  1858.    Recbd  op  tue  Weat.ier  ke.t-  on  muui.  t.,e  Vac.it  Im,x,  w,t.,  uesku.u. 

i 

-- 

REMARKS. 

1 

DAT. 

2li. 

4h. 

Oil.            8l'. 

lO'i. 

Noon. 

2li. 

4ii. 

(jh. 

8li. 

Kill. 

Mi.rt. 

1 

0 

(1 

,                    

he 

i( 

(( 



— 

C  0 

(( 

2 
3 

e  J 

1,  ,• 

he  z 

(1 

in  .s 
It 

(1 

e  '} 

11 

t' 

o 

h  r 

m  s 
r 

II 

h  r 

It 

II 
11 

4 

6 

111  z 

h  ,■ 

he  z 

Hi  z 
11 

(1 
1           " 

lit  It 

m 

h  a  z 

II 
II 

u 

h  ,' 

e  It 

III  0  z 

It 

/(  HI  n  z 

(i 

1,,- 

(1 

(1 

/, 

II 

h 

h  r 

" 

" 

1, 

h  r 

It 

7 

h  V 

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li 

he 

r 

/.  r 

" 

II 

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JJ 

H 

he 

u 

^^ 

/'  /// 

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/, 

hr 

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!) 

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(1 

,( 

(1 

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" 

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^, 

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Q 

f>  r 

III  a 

u 

f  n 

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/.  r 

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<• 

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11 

III  .S 

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r  o 

It 

e 

HI  .1 

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12 

la 

he 

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r  'J 

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hr 

11 
(i 

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h  r 
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i> 
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14 

he 

h 

/'  (■ 

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r  o 

III  s 

If 

h  r 

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15 

h 

he: 

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11 
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11 
11 

hr  z 

11 

11 
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11 
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11 

tt 

17 

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11 

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18 

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41 

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11 

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11 

11 

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11 

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11 

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21 

he 
h 

0 

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11 

II 
hr 

II 

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If 

;, 

22 
2;i 
24 
25 
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lit 

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m  5 

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11 

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tl 

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27 

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11 

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28 
2!) 

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h 

he  z 
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11 
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30 
31 

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"^"■— i 

■^IMM 

NOTES  TO  MAnCII  RECORD. 
1st.  Noon  tried  for  soundings  with  180  fathoms. 

and  W.  S.  W.  ubont  one  mile  south  of  llic  sliii 


10.30  r.  M 


' ;  several 
until  2''. 


2d.  A  largo  lane  of  water  opened  E.  N.  E.  „ ^    ,,    ,,„^,^^ , 

zeniS;V"  ''•  ""■  ^"°"'  "^'  '°  "^^  ^-  ^-  ''^  "  '-  '^"''-'-     [A  broad  arch  reaching  near,,  to  the 

5th  At  noon,  black  bulb  thermometer  in  the  sun  zero,  temperature  in  shade  -IQo.  nt  T  Ar  ,,. 
.cc  sucHenly  detached  .tself  from  the  ship's  bows  and  si.les  allowin.  her  to  ri^  el  en'  i-lfes  forward 
9  P.  M.  Aurora  in  clouds  and  streamers  between  X  W  and  -       mm    .i         ,  'o"vard. 

sound  of  crushing  or  cracKMngieo  distinctly  iLrd^igthriht.     ^^  ^"-"«'-"^  ^"«  -"^''t;  the 

Cth.  8  P.  M.,  bright  aurora  between  S.  S.  W  and  R  frnm  «o  f„  cno    i        i     • 
30.«.       [Bands  and  arches  with  streamers  towlnJ^the  ze^M  '^"'"  '"'""'  """"  "'  ^""• 

from  1  ^\^'m'  TITZ  °^  '"■'''''  '"'"^  '"''P°^"' '°  "^^  ^'^'^^  »^«aring  east  (true)  • 
Uamcters45  and  90°  nearly ;  occasional  parhelia  or  inner  halo  in  same  altitude 
as  t      sun  ;  a  portion  of  inverted  arch  above  outer  halo ;  sun's  altitude  IGO 

8  h.  At  daylight  appearance  of  land  bearing  E.  by  N. ;  a  lane  of  water  northwest 
of  the  ship  ,n  which  seals  and  narwhals  were  seen  ;  10  P.  M.,  faint  aurora      aE        X 

JOth.  Two  small  seals  shot  and  some  narwhals  seen  ;  several  lanes  and  pools  of  water  in  the  „onh- 
lUh.  Ice  much  broKou  up,  al..o  lanes  and  small  pools  of  water  northward  of  Iho  ,.l.ip. 


..;!!i 


¥c' 


r.M 


A  I'I'K  N  I»1X 


hi 


Hi 


■  i 


\.l^U.    \Va(or  i„  l„n..s  um.I  m-.-.I.  in  si^ht  all  an.un.l;  a  slight  swdl  ,.,.ra.,,til,lo  ia  .l,e  lau.s  aa.l  narks 
l.illi.    .\  .seal  >liiit. 

Mill.  Several  sinull  lanes  mid  |PooJs  to  the  norllnvartl 

ir.lh.   At  K.I.  30...  P.  M.  a  bank  of  aurora  betwc.  S.  and  S,  K.   (tnie)  uhonl  8-  elevation   wiih 
oceasional  vertieal  streamers  nsrcndinfr  uoauon,  huh 

o|.  nulIO  ja.   .,  «e.st  of  the  «h,,.  and  a  wide  )ane  of  water  formed,  extending  N.  and  8  •  its  extr  mes 

;;;:;: -giit]:    ■ """ ""■" '•  ^'- '^ ^- '' "^^^ ^"^ "-'-' -" ^'^" -•'-■  ^tt;!:^^:;:^ 

I  T,h.  Several  seals  seen,  three  dovekies  shot ;  the  iee  „,ueh  broken  up  and  wide  lanes  of  water  run- 
Min'c  A.  and  ,s.  ,   lo  1  .  AI.,  i,nght  aurora  between  S.  W.  and  K.  N.  K 

iNth.  A  seal  shot;  the  ice  elosing;  the  Irueks  of  three  bears  seen'   41.-  ",m-  V   W   i,.„  n,.„.i  • 
jm    great  force  that  in  whieh  the  ship  is  fro.eu  appears  setting  lo'utlw.r     til'^::^^Z 
Ipe!  •;;;"""  ^'""'  '  •  """  ''■  '■•  ''■  ^''°  "'^°^°  ""'•-"  -'"  ^'~  towards  zlnmO;  u'e  ice 

«n;:i;;T;lr'  """  '^"''^  ^^^" '  -^  "°°"'  ^  '^"^  "-'^  ^^"•'  ra.he.ia ;  C  P.  ...  ice  in  .notion, 
2(itli.  Sounded  in  150  fathoms,  soft  mud. 
21st.  Xoon,  the  lane  opened  to  the  westward  of  the  shi|) 

healed  ot;;^ul:g;if  '''^''  '""'''  '"-  '"'"  '■•  ''■•  '''  '"^  '''-'^'  "«^'f  ^-"  <•-  «>"P  -d  ^^0 
23d.  A  seal  and  a  dovekie  shot ;  a  large  pool  of  water  fiS  vnr.k  u-,.et  nf  ti.o    1  • 

•sight  to  the  southward  ;  many  narwhals  s;en  swimmi.'nortlnvinl  ''"  '  ""'  "'"'"  '" 

24.h.  The  .ce  apparently  d>-ifting  southward  a,.dopcni..g  in  diirerent  directions ;  10  P   M    ice  in 

motion  a.>d  pressing  against  the  lloe  edge  1i)  yards  west  of  the  ship  ' 

25th.   V-  45-"-  A.  M.,  ice  slacked  off  and  the  c.-nck  o,,cned  ;  from  0  until  8  P.  M.  the  iee  in  mo'ion 

and  crushing  up  with  gi'cat  pressure  in  the  crack  W.  of  the  ship 

in  tiet;!  '"■  ''"  '"""  "'■"""  ""'  '""°"'  '""°''"" '''"'"  ''*'  '  """""''  """"'^  ""t^«  280 ;  „ight  motion 
27th.  8  P.  M.,  ice  opened  in  lane  W.  50  yards  from  ship 

29th.  8  A.  M.   got  bottom  with  180  fathoms,  mud,  supposed  depth  170  fathoms, 
aotli.   Iwo  seals  and  two  dovekies  shot:  11  P.  ,M     Paraselfim  on  „o,.i,  .;  i         ■     . 

distant  about  23-,  moon's  altitude  11°.  '  '""  °°  '"'''  '"■^'  ''^"^^  ^^'°'"  'l""  "'""". 

31st.  Three  seals  shot;  a  fresh  bear  ti-ack  close  to  the  ship. 


AI'l'EMdX. 


V2-i 


April,  1858.     ItKcumi  «v 

riiK  Wkaihku  kkit  on 

noAiti)  TiiK  \\k:\\v  Fo,\,  umi  oknj-^ual 

REMAUKH. 

1 

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lit  ft  s 

NOTKS  TO  APRIL  RKCOUD, 

between V^'f'T  i  ^''^  '"-V""''  ""•  '''  "' ''"'  '''"' '  '  '''  ''•  "  -^"-"'^  ""^ ""^'''•'^  ^^  above  horizon 
Detween  t>.  S.  h.  and  S.  W.,  wiili  streamers  towards  the  zcnitli. 

2(1.  Two  black  whales  seen. 

4th    At  noon  our  old  fioe  craekcd  in  a  \.  X.  E.  and  S.  S.  W.  line  about  thirty  yards  from  t  .c  shin  ■ 
'    It  widen.s  to  about  si.xty  yards.  '  ' 

5th.  At  2"-  20-  the  old  floo  cracked  in  line  with  ship,  that  on  the  port  side  drifted  off  abont  fiftv 
yards ;  secured  ship  to  fast  ice,  head  to  wind.  1        ^  'e  auucd  oU  about  Gfty 

Cth.  A  whale  and  many  narwhals  seen  ;  four  seals  shot. 

7 th.  Tried  for  soundings  with  no  fathoms. 

8th.  Ice  quiet,  l)ut  drifting  rapidly  before  the  wind. 

Jul\.  n'p' M  '""  '  ^f"''  '""'''  *'"  "''''''"  '"'"^  ^'"''^'  ^'^"^'O'  «"PP°««'l  ^'m  Dyer,  S  88-  W 
To  h'    A     ■        "T"  ,''"''""  ^-  """^  ^■'  """^  ''""'  ''°  '^'«^''''°"  ^"•''"^'""S  "P  to  the  zenith. 

S  soow  '"'^"r''"^  "^f  ""f?  ^-  ('■•"«);  tried  for  soundings  with  180  fathoms;  Cape  Dyer  visible 
1 ,!?     ;  \  "  '"P'  ^-  ^^°  ^^'- '  °''^^"''s''t  '■'*""  ""O'-''  f'-o'"  S-  to  E.  (true). 

aurora  betwerlt's^E""  ''''''  '''''  °'  ''^  '"■'' '  '  '°^  ^^''"'^  '"  '^  ^^  ^  '°  ^^  I*-  ^^^- «»  P»'« 
12th.  A  lane  of  water  opened  astern  in  the  direction  of  a  largo  berg  in  the  E.  X  E  •  much  mist 

i-Uervlls  in  arl]  '  "''"""'"'"  '"""''''  '"""''  ""'^  """""'""^  "^^'^"'"^  ^P°^^  «'  •'•g'^t  at 

ulS'  A^'  *^'  ^^'^''"'V.""?'"'"  ^""""^  ^-  ^^-  *^-  ^"■"'^)  5  11  P'  M-  ''"'•°™  ^^''or  to  last  night 
14th    A  large  flock  of  ducks  flying  N.  W. ;  tried  for  soundings  with  170  fathoms ;  10  P  M  a  briJht 

au  ora  ■„  the  east  (true)  ;  midnight,  faint  to  the  southward  at  18°  elevation.  ^ 

15th.  1  '■  M'"-  A.  M.  a  bear  came  close  to  the  ship  ;  thickness  of  ice  .'i  feet  1 1  inches  decrease  for 

the  month  1  foot  2  i  inches,  snow  lOJ  inches,  increase  H;  a  number  of  mollyma         e;,.      "30™ 

^.^!prr  ;;s:i^:^^^^^^' ''''-'''  --^  -  ^^  ^-^  ^^^™^^  ^---^  -  ->  ^-  ^  to  i 


m» 


AI'I'KNDIX. 


f  y 


W.'' 


B  J:      a.        '  ;,    r,   ;  :'•'  "'"^'"r^^^^^-^'-';  «'-'Ko  ."„■  lmyi..„only;i.si'le;  .ev  ;«!  bergs  i.. 

I. nil.    I  Mice  hears  sTOti;  Kovcrnl  liergs  ill  Kijriit. 

2(ltli.  A  uoiisideruliloNWell;  iinsliipped  riKMornt  3  A  M  •  t)>nlnf(„,i      i        •       .      , 
"t  ;;.  M.  ,  a  ..ear  and  a  seal  Killed  ,  Several  snud.  bci^  iu^ig'l.t      '""'  ^'"'"^  '"'"'  ""  ^''"  ^'''''''' 
i-lNt.    Irie.l  lor  soiindings  witli  170  fatlioiiia 

^  _^2ad._  A  ,a|.,e  blaek  wliale  seen,  also  h  .e.d ,  experienced  a  westerly  set ;  several  largo  soai«  lying 
att  l!''!?^'  "T'^-  ^'""^  "'"  ^^'  '^•'  '""'  ^''  •'"'"'"cnncd  to  break  up. 

lK.ad  to  swell,  th'roiijl  e  .so        :  '  je  'l"    P  ^'leT  tl  i^::  "'  '!'1  rT'  1"''''  """  '•^"^'•=^'"^' 
more  violent;  S  1'.  M   elcMUe.l  tl  le  ieo  «fonn' ,  "    "    '''  '"^''''  ''"  ''"''*'  '^''''-  «''"'=''«  ^1"' 

9i'.i     \i  1  '  «'"PP«''  e"b'"ie,  and  made  sail. 

J<itli.  Alollymauks  and  kittiwakes  aliimdant. 

27tl..  7  A  M.  saw  tlio  land  about  Siikkertoppnn  \.  E,  by  X.  (trno). 
JSth.   Aneliorcd  at  llolsteinberg  at  7''.  30">.  i.  m    !„  s<.v<.nto„.,  f„.i    „ 
to  the  roeks.  <     J"     i .  M.  in  seventeen  fathoms  water,  moored  with  hawsers 

2'Jtli  and  30tli.  In  tlio  harbor  of  llolsteinberg. 
[Speeillc  gravity  of  sea-water:— 

"':/''"  ,;:';•  ;■;  ;■';  '^'''r'-  '■''''  ^"^"p-  ''°^'  "■ '  ^"i'--"^.  10275  (temp.  300). 

i<        ,.,  i.o.jw  J4'.     (14        II        ],0275       "      quo 

t...i>o      ..      1.0,10     ..     310;    ..4      ..      i.o^Js     "     3.50. 

21.st,  "  110        "        1.0280       "      31.50.J 


May.  1850.    I'.ecoud  op  the  Weatueu  keit  cn  board  tue  Yacht  Fox,  with  oeneuai, 

REMARKS. 


n.w. 

411. 

1 

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Arj'i;\  i»tx. 


m 


N0TK8  TO  MAY  UKCOUD. 
1st.  At  irolstc'iiiliiii'jf. 
8tli.  Sailed  from  Ilolstoiiiluirg  nt  V'-  A.  M. 

?oti,  '"^Mi  1'  •'m"':?!  '  V"l"  "■''"''  "'••^'"  '^'"■''^'  '^"•"^"y  °fsca  n-nter,  stirfaeo    1  QOTO 

.''*;sfis^r:-:-:-:: «---- :-.;-;;  ;;;^^ 

1  nil.  Ancliorcd  nt  WhaleHsh  I.slniuls  in  12i  fatiioins 

16t.,.  Go.,havn  Ilurhor  and  JL::^^:^^^:::      "■'"  "  """'  """"'^  "'^"  ^""• 

LI!'  Jiff  n'  ''■  -^^•.' ""^•'^'•^'^  '■"  l-^l'ornavik,  IJack  JJuy,  iu  10,1  f„t,,o„3. 
^4tli.  Left  Upernavik,  and  steamed  to  Godlmvn. 
25tli.  Steamed  out  of  Oodliavn  at  4'''  30'"  A   M 

offmiieln^sw"'"^"  ''"  ''"'^^^'  '"  ^^"■'' --"-<1  oir  the  coal  se in  t  fathoms;  onc.MH 

2Ttli.  Proceeded  nnder  steam  northward  at  ll''.  50"..  P  M 

A.  M.,  1,0^0  to  off  ba,idcr.ou's  Hui-o ;  lo--  30-  A.  .M.,  hor.  nj.  for  Ui.crnavTk. 


1    Juno, 

lti58.      llECORC  or  THE 

WEATHEn  KEn   ON  BOAHD  THE  YaCTIT  FoX,    WITH  OENKHAr 

IIEMARKS, 

CAT. 

41.. 

81.. 

Noon. 

4h. 

st>. 

Ml.Iulgl.t. 

"'•'i  Wulur,  1.(1. 

1 

2 
3 

h  c 
c 

I, 

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(1 

be 

41 

II 

4 

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II 

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C  0 

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(i 

he 

c  o 

r 

II 

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c 

II 

8 

g 

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1, 

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II 

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10 
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18 
19 
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II 
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28.'; 

2«(( 
275 

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280 
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'170 
275 
280 

21 
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24 
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280 

'  AtlJ  fathoms,  275. 


n 


1  V>8 


A  r  V  K  N  D  1  X . 


If  ■• 


>;■) 


NOTES  TO  JUNE  RECORD. 

ana'^uSt"?3r;>M '''■'?"'/;'';  T.^P-'t^f  «-at  Pane  Island  (Narsak),  north  one 
and  a  ha  f  m,le  3"  SO"-  P.  M.,  made  fast  to  land  ice  iu  a  bay  on  south  side  of  Upernavik  Island  •  the 
ice  closed  in  and  beset  the  ship.  '  i»iauu ,  iiie 

Gth.  Started  under  steam  at  5'.  DO-  A.  M. ;  at  1 0"  20"..  made  fast  to  a  grounded  berg  in  25  fathoms 
half  a  m.le  west  of  a  nigged  island  having  a  large  cairn  on  the  summit  of  its  S.  W.  extreme  B  la u 
Island  west  three  and  a  half  or  four  miles.  t.\ireme ,  liutnau 

Yth.  Passed  south  of  Buchan  Island,  and  close  along  its  west  side;  at  S'^SO- A  M  struck  and 
remained  fas   on  a  reef  of  rocks,  tide  faHing ;  extremes  of  Bnehan  Island  S.  30°  W  and  S   180  E 
distant  about  one  mile  ;  at  l"-  30"'-  P.  M.  low  water.  ' 

Sth,  At  11'.  40- A.  M.  observed  a  rock  above  water  bearing  from  noon  position  S  ogo  e   (tnie) 
liree  miles;  passed  inside  Horse's  Head;  2--  40-  passed  another  rock:  Horse's  11  ad  S    15o  F 
Cape  Shackleton  (North  Bluff)  N.  46°  E.  (true).  ' 

0th.  Steamed  at  intervals  for  about  three  hours. 

nth.  Made  fast  one  mile  \.  of  the  Duck  Islands. 

1  •  ?^'\'^''''f  Z,"^  T'VlT^  ''"''  *°  ^'"''''  ^^'"'^"•^  ""'^  '■'"''''^  ""'1  ••''""•nc'l;  new  moon  at  2  P  M 
high  water  at    l'.-  C- A.  M.  ;  rise  3  feet  «  inches;  flood  sets  N.  N.  W.,  ebb  s^ts  S.  S.  E    about  2     n 
hour  between  the  islands.  '  """"''  -   '"' 

EalL'rn  DuTLsllnd. ''  '''  ''"""'  '"  ""  "°''"'""''"'  ""'  '""'''  ''''  *»  '""'^  '" '  ''  ^-  '■  ^^-  ^^^"^ 

nth.  4  P.  M  saw  the  Sabine  Islands  bearing  N.  E.  (true),  and  distant  seven  miles. 
I  Sth.  I  asscd  through  and  steamed  along  the  land  ice. 

loth.  Made  fast  at  a  nip;  fonr  bears  seen,  many  seals  and  birds;  10  A.  M.,  until  31.  30™  P  M 
under  sail,  working  to  westward  ;  unable  to  distingnish  the  land  ice  from  the  loose  ice 
22d.  Advanced  one  mile  to  the  N.  W. ;  progress  impeded  by  nips 

ful  ^l!\  ','■  *^^\f'  *'"'°"^''  ^'"  "'•'  "'"'  "'"^'°  '""  '"  ^''°  ^-  ^^'-  ■'  tl'ree  bears  seen. 
J4t  1.  At  11  A.  M.  came  up  to  a  nip  and  made  fast ;  about  500  little  auks  shot 

.l,,Ta  ..'1™ '■  "■*  '""  '°  ''"'  "" '  "'"  ''°"'  "■  '^-  *•  i  »  P-  »'■  l>'»'»d.,l  .„  ,1,0  „.i„M ; 

30th.  8  A.  M.  tying  to  a  floe  three  miles  off  shore. 

[The  specific  gravity  of  the  surface  wafr  is  ,-opied  from  the  fonrlli  number  of  the  Board  of  Tmde 


A  PPRNDIX. 


1 '?!) 


July,  1858.    Record  of  the 

Wkathkr  kept  on  hoard  the  VArriT  Fox,  mitfi  oenerm 

«E.-\IAUKS. 

DAY. 

41. . 
/ 

8Ii. 
/.  '■  ,11 

Noon, 

f>  .11 

41i. 

8li. 

Midiiiglit. 

hm 

Spwilii'  liny,  nf 
Swt  Wulir,  1.(1, 

28-, 

1 

hi  II 

(i 

./'" 

''"1 

4 

f 

a 

,/' 

" 

u 

2711 

i; 

h  ,■ 

(1 

(( 

r  <t 

(1 

/.  r 

27(1 

7 
8 

o 
1, 

r 
l>  r 

//* 

f  n 

/-  r 

f 

lIVT) 

n 

1(1 

u 

12 
13 

1, 
b 
I, 

11 
/>r. 

If 

l,r 

11 

li 

270 

1, 
o  ,/  s 
(I  .f 
<• 
c 
r 

h  c 
If 

(•  o 

11 

i( 

270 

14 

ir, 
](i 
17 

(•  0 

r  0 

<•  0 

f, 

r 

r  o 

(1  n 

<■  7  ,■ 
he 

o  ft 

c  a 

r 

f 

(( 

(( 

r 

hr 

27r. 
270 

IS 

f 

h  r 
f, 

1, 

ti  c 
li  ,'. 

h 
f 

ft 

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20 

h 

h  r 

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II 

21 

1,  (■ 

}, 

he 

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/, 

22 

h  c 

«( 

h  r 

h 

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'^7"i 

23 

1,  r 

(1 

^^ 

h 

(( 

24 

h  c 

(( 

^1 

<( 

r 

25 

1,  r 

(( 

It 

o.>r, 

2(1 

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tt 

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II 

''Ci 

27 

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f 

/.,■ 

28 

h  r 

*' 

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II 

21) 

C  0 

" 

r  0 

h  ,■ 

3(» 

1      " 

111  o 

c  III  Y 

r  0 

r 
m  u  r 

c  o 
m  r 

C   0 

(■  III 

11 

(1 

o  1- 

2:10 

NOTES  TO  JULY  RECORD. 

3( .  Passing  through  loose  ice  ;  a  seal  sliot. 

4t ..  At  midnight  (4tb-5th)  fog  cleared  ofT,  ti.e  pack  clo.e  to  leeward  of  „, 
lane  in  tt'^a^c  k""^  '''  ''''  ''''■    '  ''  ''■  "^°-  ^^  ^^^  ^-"  Cont."  Island  ;  .ore  np  throng,. 

6th.  Sailing  throngi,  heavy  ice,  thick  fog  at  midnight, 
^ja  Ly.ng  fast  to  u  large  floe  in  a  confined  space  of  water  ;  Cobourg  Island  visible  to  the  north 

2.  ^zt^:^i  5"ir ts:  t=i,:^r^-  -  -  -  -  -  -  ^  -  (">».netic.> 

1  ■  2^7"' ^°"^°7S/^'-<l  in  tl-^'.  W.  16'  or  18';  a  sea,  shot. 

Honnd:  ^;nd'aCiri:^Xs;i:;!":^;i;:j^vr'^   -^  '^^  "■  ^'^'"  ^--'^«^<'-' 

burg  two  miles  off  shore.  '      ^'"''^  ''''"''=  ''«"  '  ^ '  ^'-  ^^■'  '""""J'^'I  Cpe  l/ors- 

n.n':^ira^::^::::^ri:^j!^tjrrr"T"r^^^  "-^'-^^  •^--"^^ ^- -"•- 

westward  of  Capo  Osborne.  "'""'"^ '  ^'^''  ^'"''  '^«t^««"  ^'"^  P-^^'k  «nd  .he  land 

n.;d;;vi::^:r;^i.fn;.:ti::^.r  '^°'^'^^^™"°  ''^«"-  ">  --•  «^thom.water;  thep„ck 

-   X  ,   „„|,os,  „,(h  three  nnils  „„d  ,„,  in.n  1,„||  ihrnngh  i(,  mod,  U\.,v]L. 


r'lii 


Mil 


lyo 


A  I'  P  E  N  I)  I  X 


I .    ■ '. 

It         y 


\^"- 


VJ 


Q 


15tli,  Proceeded  to  CnpoWarrmulcr;  ice  nil  round. 
Ifith.  Lying  to  in  a  space  of  water  off  Cape  Warrander 

.d^'wli;:  tn!  "^'  '"""  '  ^'°'''"'  ^^"^"  ^^'"""  ''"^  '""^^  '^^  ^'"^^  "^'^  ■'  --^  -^V,a,.  and  two 
SOth,  Commenced  boring  through  the  pack  to  the  S   E 
21st.  Attempted  to  bore  through  the  pack  ;  a  seal  shot 
22d    Attempted  to  bore  through  the  pack  ;  a  very  large  bear  shot. 

S!;:  Mrs  t:;;f  iir:::r\:r '' '  ^' ' '  '■  ''■■  -^  '-^^^-  -^• 

27 JI'  trfd.^'Vf '',''''![' •'•  '"  ::  ^°°''  ""'  '■"  '"^''  '°  '^'''^'  t°  ">«  ^°"l''^vard  with  it. 
bacTLtot    ^''*'  '"'  '"  °'  ^""°"  ^•^""'  "^  "-'  °-  ■""«  ««•  ^--i  shooting  party  brings 

wiSl  i;;;^:"  ^°'  '"^^^^^'•^^  ■'='  ''^  -^'^  ^°  ^'^'^  ^-^  -^'-  -P  the  i„,et ;  ..ootlng  party  re.u 


irns 


29th.  The  ice  in  the  inlet  broke  up;  shifted  ship  to  the  land  ice  U  mile  \  P  of  n,„f,n  v  ■  . 
Captain  and  party  returned.  -  '•  °'  ^"tton  Point ; 

curr^t     ^''  ''•'  ""'^ '°  ''^^ '"  ''  "'"^'^  '"•  ^"«  ""^t,  found  it  too  weak  to  make  fast  to ;  a  strong  lea 
(Numerous  unicorns  were  seen  this  month  ) 
[Xotes  on  speciGc  gravity  of  sea  w.ater  are  from  the  4th  paper  of  the  Board  of  Trade.] 


August.  1858.    PEconn  or  .„.  w..x„kh  k.px  o.  boaub  t„.  Y.cnx  Fox,  wn..  okn.^u, 

REMARKS. 


DAY. 


41i. 


81i. 


1 
2 

;i 

4 

n 

(! 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 

la 
i;3 

14 
15 

i« 

17 

18 
19 
20 
2i 
22 
23 
2-1 
25 
2fJ 
27 
28 
29 
30 
Ml 


r  0  g 

1             /,  , 

hr 

r  r 

1, 

•1 

h 

/, , 

III  0  1/ 

III  It 

(i 

II  a 

f 

h  r 

V 

r 

hr 

r  n 

V 

r 

r 

h  m 

h  r 

'•  m 

c 

r  0 

fi  .' 

r  s 
hi- 

r  n 
f 

(1 

(1 

r/s 


h  r 


Noon. 


<( 

7ii  o  r 

o 
m  o 

(1 

(( 

f,  r 


r  0 
hi- 


ll,- 
!■  r 


4h. 

'■  0 

(I 

h  ,- 


h  r  ., 
Ill  O  fj 
III  o 

h  I- 


ll  III 

h  ,- 

I,  r 
i( 


gl.. 

h  r  Y 


u  II 

I-  oil 


hi- 

fr 

r  o 

r  o  r 

c 

h    V   R 

V  o 

s 

l( 

/,  ,• 


Midniglit. 


/.  r 


h 
III  II  r 


Spociflc  Orav.  ol' 
Si'a  Wuti:r,  I.ti. 


r  n  in 

I-  0 


235 

235 

24(1 

2011 
2311 
220 
210 


NOTES  TO  AimilST  liKCORD 


A  I"  P  !•;  N  D  I  X 


131 


to  tile  !a:!2±    ""  '"'"'■''  "'""'''  '"""^  '"'  '  ''■  ''•'  ^"l"'"'"  '"«'  1-'^  -'•"-Ji  -^"^  "P 
3.1    Midnight  (2-3)  four  natives  ciimc  on  board;  endeavoi-ing  to  beat  out  of  I'ond's  liay 
4   I.  1  onnd  the  current  to  set  westward  along  the  north  shore  ;  whales  seen. 

7(h.  A  bear  shot. 

8th.  A  heavy  gale  with  very  heavy  sea. 

loth.  Many  walrns  seen  ;  passed  through  a  few  streams  of  ice  ;  9  P,  M.,  rounded  Cape  Ilurd  in 
tl'.ck  fog;  grounded  in  the  mouth  of  Kigby  Bay  ;  floated  off;  a  bear  shot.  ' 

11  h.  A  bear  shot;  anchored  inside  Cape  Kiley  and  commenced  taking  on  board  coals. 
Island!'  ""  '"  '"°''°"  "■'"'  ""*  "^^  '  '"'^"'^  ^'""^  ^-  1^"«^  ^'"^  ^^'^^'""S  stores  from  Bcechey 

14th.  Proceeded  to  Becchcy  Island  ;  anchored  off  the  house  in  five  fathoms 

off  tw.    ^','1  ^°l  ^"''^  "°""""  "'  "^  ^-  ^^'  ''^  ^"-  ^O"  ""^  C'^P^  "°tl"""  depot,  landed  and  brought 
off  two  whale  boats;  proceeded  to  the  westward  ""u  uiougui 

ob!Jrvtl ?!!r"'  ''\  ^Y  ^°""'  '  ^'-  ''^■'  ^"1''=  ^■■'^""^   ^^-  ^3°  E.,  and  Cape  Lyons  N.  50°  W.  ; 
.xZf  traits.'  ""  ""''  ""  '''"''  '''°'°  '^''^"^  ''"P°  ""S^^  ^'^  '^^'^^''"^^  ^"y ;  »>-«  "P  for 
18th.  At  2"- 15'"-  A.  M.,  passed  Limestone  Island  ;  4  P.  M.,  off  Capo  McClintock  •  9  P  AI    steam 
X^V  r'of  w:ir;';t::;"''  "^'^  ^-  "^"'  """'''  ""'°"^  '°  ''°'^  Lec,.old  in  sUen  fl^msTT" 

20n!'  S^onff  '^r'  °"  ^'''"''''"  ^'''"'  '  ^"-  ^'^'"-  ^-  ^^^-  '"''^^«  =""  *o  t''«  southward. 

JU  II      0  -SO-- A.  M.,  passed  Fury  Point  in  a  snow  shower;  4  P.  M.,  off  Cape  Garry  8"  30>"- 

biyS  rrtiir;::. '"'''-''  ^-^ '  -'-''  ^  -^  -'-  -^^^ ''  =  ^"'-  ^^■■'■'  ---^^ '-  ^ 

moUon  wttll^r vf  °';  '"'"^!-r  """"''' '"  ^"''  """""S''  "'^"°'  ^'"'''''  '■"""'J  '*  <■"■>  °f  '"oso  i^e  in  rapid 
proviirs!  '    '°"^        '  '''"'"''^ '°  ^'P°'  """^  '  •=^'='^'=''  "^  '"""  -^"^  '""^'^'^  "^  <J«P°t  °f  15  days 

22d.  A  bearded  seal  shot. 

25th.  At  3"-  30"'  A  M.,  left  anchorage  and  steamed  west  4',  but  being  unable  to  get  further  returned 
to  Depot  Bay  and  anchored  there  at  8  P  M  rtiurnta 

28th.  Very  little  ice  seen  this  day. 

29th.  Noon,  anchored  in  Depot  Bay  in  10  fathms  water. 

Htr he;tl'oM>orI"f  """f  'T.T''  ^"■'"'''  """"»  ''  ^""  *■""  °f  '°°-^«  ''-•«:  -'^'«'^«d  in  a  harbor 
.the  head  of  I  ort  Kentjedy  at  lO".  30-  A.  M.  in  1 1  fathoms ;  at  6  P.  M.  Captain  and  boat  part! 

!:'2tr,ir"^'°" ''- ''-  ''^'^'^^'^ ''-'''--  ^^—  *""«'  »"-•  or  deer  see;::;": 

31st.  Several  deer  seen  inland. 


,:i 


l:i2 


ai'1'i:ndix. 


r,) 


Septemb 

er,  1858.     llr 

X'OUD  OF  TIIK  WeATIIKU  KKl-i 

ON  llOAUJt  TMt 

Vacht  l\i\j 

WITH  llENERAL 

■ 

RKMAKKS. 

I)AV. 

41.. 
h 

h  r 
III 

8li. 

/.  r 

Noon. 

41.. 

8''. 

Midnight. 

(t 

] 

a 

ti 

h  r 
h 

4 

(( 

(( 

r. 

h  r 

/■r 

(t 

(( 

<i 

7 

f 

r  o 

r  0 
it 

n 

h  r 

ti 
it 

tt 
i( 

8 

r  0 

(( 

r 

r  0 

ti 

9 
1(1 

n 

0  r 
r  0 
r  s 
c 

r. 
h  r  m 

1,  r 
hr 

0 

0  r 
It 

c 
o  s 

r 
h 

tt 

13 
U 

hr. 
he 

0 

{( 

c 
(( 

(t 
hr 

11 
f, 

15 

(> 

0  s 

a 

(I 

l(i 

r  o 

0  s 

A/- 

17 

0  s 

(( 

t( 

ti 

18 

i'.i 

1' 

hr 

o 

''  0 
r  0 

(( 
r 

o 

ti 

2i> 

./■>• 

(( 

tt 

•21 

(( 

r  0 

o  s 

t( 

22 
23 

f  0 

it 
it 

hr 

(( 

ti 

r  o 

it 

24 

h  r 

0  s 

ii 

/, 

2r, 

r  s  z 

r 

/.  r 

2li 
27 

28 

o  s 

U  r 

ti 
n 

a 

(( 

ti 

r  o 
m  s 

it 

29 

It 

i( 

30 

<i 

^. 

(•  S 

o  s 

** 

ti 

NOTES  TO  SEPTEMBIvR  RECORD. 
1st.  One  reiiulccr  sliot. 

2d    Cuptain  Youxff  an.l  boat  party  left  to  explore  the  S.  W.  part  of  Rrentfonl  Bay 
5tli.  Party  rotiirned;  several  deer  seen.  ^luiuorii  j,ay. 

Ctii.  6  A.  M.  steamed  into  l5ellot  Straits;  liich  water  at  lH..  A    Ar  .  n     i  .-, 

1 1th.  Ileturucd  to  Port  Kennedy  and  aucbored  in  the  cntraneo  in  I  n  f,i.l,nm=        r      , 
a  bare  sbot.  cntraneo  in  10  fatboms ;  a  few  deer  seen,  and 

12t]i.  A  bare  sbot. 

13tb.  [Observed  a  comet.] 

-3U.  8  1 .  yi.  ob-crvcd  the  comet,  increased  in  brilliancy 

,.ir.fa!r;„"*::;?;::::  irs'''  '"'""■  '"•■  ■""•»•»"  •«  -^  -'  -"-.  *,».., 

.,,lr.„c-.  or  l:,n  K.„n.J,  „t  10  !•  Vt    r       I        ^    ??'"  "■■"'  ""''  ""'-'"  '"  '"'°  "«  '""  <'"  '"•  "■• 

»::;,;:  izz::: "■"  ""■•""■  "•"'"*" "  ""■  -""■  -  '=-  •»- «» ■'«. 


A  V  ['END  IX. 


133 


October 

1858.       ItilCORD  OF  THE  WB.V1HER  IvEl'T  ON  lioAUI.  THE  VacUT  FuS,   W 

i'H  UENillUL 

REMAllKS. 

DAY. 

4h. 

t 

8I1. 

Noon. 

41.. 

8I'- 

Midnight. 

1 

t( 

2 

n  s 

r  0 

t( 

s 

(( 

a 

3 
4 

f) 

.V 

07. V 
in  s 

III  a 
r  0 

0  s 

//I  .s 

in  a 
'/J 

0 

U 

f  0 

0 

III  c 

,j 

7 

0 

n 

<: 

ii 

8 

hr 

r  III 
/, 

h  r 

0  s 

s 

m 

9 

li 

H 

(t 

u 

0  7n  s 

hi- 

tl 

(( 

11 

10 
11 
12 

1, 

S 

111  0 

f 

in  s 
c 

u 
s 

a 
(( 

13 

Ik: 

1( 

(I 

0  c 

h 

14 

he 

u 

II 

n 

(t 

i( 

15 

he 

(( 

" 

(( 

(( 

1() 

m  0  s 

0  .s 

It 

(( 

>( 

(( 

17 

0  z 

11 

.»  x  z 

(( 

0  z 

18 
1!) 
20 
21 

0  z 

m  s 

■1 

m  s 

0 

n 
h  r 

(( 
(( 

(( 

a 

(( 

a 
It 

22 

2;} 

24 

h  z 
h  m 

0  m  s 

7.'l  .i  C 

HI  s 

111  z 

f,,' 

"            1 

(1 

0 

0 

j 

0  .s 

25 
2(i 

tit. 
h  tn  ■ 

hr 

n  ,s' 

h  Z 
ti 

in  0 
It 

'-  .•  .s-  : 

0  X                  i 

tl 

27 

/.  - 

(( 

hl-  z 

(( 

28 

/, 

a 

t( 

4t 

(f 

29 

/,  ,• 

,t 

^^ 

tt 

(( 

11 

30 
31 

III  .- 

1)1  z 

m 

711  S    Z 

l( 

m  s 

(i 
m  A  z 

m  0 

(1 

tt 

NOTES  TO  OCTOBEK  RECORD. 

2il.  Two  small  Iscnls  of  deer  seen. 

3d.   10"-  SO"--  P.  M.  lightning  observed. 

4tli.  Three  ptarmigan  seen. 

5th.  Two  herds  of  deer  seen. 

6t!i.  Ileindeer  seen. 

Ttli.  A  few  reindeer  and  ptarmigan  seen. 

8th.  A  reindeer  shot;  10  P.  M.  comet  visible. 

9th.  10  P.  M.  comet  visiole. 

loth.  Four  reindeer  seen. 

12th.  One  reindeer  seen. 

13th.  Built  an  icc-houso  for  magnetic  observatory. 

15th.  Thickness  of  ice  formcu  since  the  third,  9/  inches 

2()th    aT'  ","'!'"'  ""'^  P*""*^  '^'''^''^  *°  """y  '''^I'"^  ''"^^•»  '^'^  «'e«t  coast  of  noothia  at  8  A  M 
20th.  A  hare  shot ;  many  seals  seen  in  the  open  water  in  the  straits  •  8  P  M  1,1  nl      T.f 
dmmcter  about  45°.  straits ,  S  1 .  M.  halo  round  the  moon, 

22d.  8  P.  J[.  Prismatic  halo  around  the  moon 

oo!l!'  V'  ^.  TT  '"  "'"  ^-  ^''-  t''^""'  200  above  the  horizon]. 

...H^  ^^tLmit:^::;^;;s;;t:rz:i:"Tr  '•  --'^  t  '' ""-' '-'-  "'^°-  '- 
30th.  A  hare  shot,  two  dSJ  s^/^j  pTI!:::^:;:^';;^^''^^^'''''-''' "^^  ^'''^''^•^ 

3 1  St.   I  wo  ptarmigan  shot ;  1 0  P.  M.  faint  aurora  in  the  N.  W.  ' 


i 

\m 

\  / 

1, 

i' 

^^ 

I 

■ 

•J 

1 

r 

1 

y 

■-xi 


li    l'-l 


134 


APPENDIX. 


November,  1858.    Kkcoh.  o.  ™k  Wk.xhkh  k..  o.  bo..hi,  xh.  Y.cht  Pox,  ..a  okkb«.. 

UE.^lAllKS. 


2h. 


4ii. 


1 

m  s 

2 

m 

» 

br  z 

4 

h  z 

.1 

h  ill 

<) 

hm 

7 

m  0 

8 

1,  r 

9 

b  c  in 

10 

b 

11 

b  m 

la 

b  III 

13 

b 

u 

VI  s 

15 

lit  z 

ll> 

b  f  III 

17 

111  s 

18 

III  0  s 

1!) 

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NOTES  TO  NOVEMBER  RECORD. 

Jli'  YTv  ""'';?"  ""^'  P'"'*^  "-^turned ;  a  recent  deer  track  seen. 
Jtu.  [10  1 .  .M.  faint  aurora  from  S.  by  E.  to  W  S  W  1 
nh.  and  8tb.  [10  P.  M.  aurora  faint  in  S  W  ]        " 

?9^i  ^YniZ"'"  "^f^'''"  ^-  ''•"^  ^'-  10°  '^'^^^^  ''"••■•zon,  10  P.  M. 

4th      n  P  11'  ?  ■"'  ''''"''  '"'■°"  "'"  "°''''"^''"  '^°"^°"  '°  »'«  ^enitb. 
14111.  10  f.  M.  faint  aurora  between  S.  W.  and  AV  X  W 

23d.  10  P.  M.  a  halo  around  tlie  moon. 

24th.  Three  i)tarmigau  seen. 

26th.  8  P.  M.  several  willow  grouse  seen  ;  tw  deer  seen. 


Mid't. 


bill 


b  III 


A 


A  I'l'KXDIX. 


L35 


NOTES  TO  DKCEMBER  jRECORD. 
1st.  Four  ptarmigan  seen. 

!?;  ^L^r,  'Y;'  ^"'''  '""■°'''' '"  ^-  ^-  ^*"''"'>'  '''^°»t  ^8°  ^^'^^^e  horizon. 

the  il'oriL'n^i'i:  oTr;;!!  ^"'''''' '°"  '•  ^°  ^-  ^^'  ''•  ^^"^°"="''  ^°""')'  -^'-'^  ^-^'^  »'>-« 

oxfondlnt^!""'"f "  '","'  ^T  '^  ^'  ^^'  ""'"  ""''"'f^''^  ^"'•°^''  '■■•<'™  l'°rizon  between  S  E  and  W 
to  S  E.::i^;-yi'p';;:;y'"=  ''''''''''■  ^^^  -^^  -^-^"^ '«  ^-  ^-  W.  and  across  zenith  from  N.  W. 

Cth.  8  until  9  P  M,   pale  aurora  between  W.  and  S.  E.,  about  S^o  a,,ove  hori/.on. 
8  h.  A  (ox  caught;  8  P.  M.,  aurora  in  the  S.  E.  [about  40°  above  hori/.on  1 
yin.  A  fox  caught.  -■ 

10th.  A  fo.x  caught. 
11th.  10  P.  M.,  several  shooting  stars. 

12th.  5  to  7  P.  M.,  bright  aurora  between  E.  by  S.  and  N.  W.     [Bright  from  N  W  to  S  F 
(through  S.  (  about  00°  above  Lorizon._i?.  of  T.  Papers  ]  JN-  ^  .  to  S.  E. 

S  W  n       h"     ■'     ^^     "r"'"''"  '^'■'"°  ®'  ^-  ^'""""Sl'  E.  to  K  W. ;  10  P.  M.,  aurora  between  S  E  and 
llhTt    8  rr-,   C2,''°"'^°-"--n.-/i.o/r.P«;,.„.]     Ptarmigan  seen.    '"""'' ^' ""^^ 

mh    6  P.  M„  a  lunar  halo,  diameter  about  450.     [Thickness  of  ice,  .■?  fee.  1  inch  I 
19tl).   A  covey  of  ptarmigan  seen.  -' 

20th.  8  P,  M.,  n  lunar  halo,  diameter  4.5^. 


December 

1858. 

Record  of  tue  AVeatheu  kevt  on  board  the  Yacht  Fo.x,  ^VIT^  general 



REMARKS. 

nAY. 

2)1. 

411. 

CI'. 

8li. 

101>. 

Noon. 

2ii-            411. 

CI.. 

81.. 

101.. 

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A  I'PRN'PI  \- 


2Pi(l.  A  i>tarm!<rnn  Hopti. 

a^l''-;!.  lAwC-]'  '""'°"  ""  ""  ""  '""""  ^'■""'"^  "''  n,ag„otometor  to  o.cillate  consider- 
28lh.  A,.rora  between  S.  S.  E.  ,.k1  W.  l.y  X.,  nl.ont  20o  a,,ove  the  I.orizon. 
20t ..  A  pt«r,n,.^an,  nn.l  the  recent  track  of  a  deer,  and  one  or  two  I.are.s  .seen. 
;  Hh.  o  I  .  .M.,  aiipora  to  the  soutliward,  about  35o  above  the  horizon, 
•iist.  A  ptarmigan  seen. 


January,  1859.    IlKcoun  op  the  AV.AxnKu  kkpt  on  boaui,  x„k  YAcrir  Fox,  wiTa  aEN.nAi, 

UEMAUKS. 


1 

2 
3 
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13 
14 

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18 

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_ 


NOTES  TO  JANUARY  RECORD. 
1st.  8  P.  M.  aurora  from  S.  to  W.  about  40°  above  the  honVon 

E.  S."lJ  to  zenUh     ~  '"        ""'  "^  '""°"  ''  "'"''  '  "  ^ '  ^'-  —  "^^nd  of  aurora  from 
8th.  10  PM.  faint  aurora  between  S.  E.  and  W.  S.  W.  near  the  horizon. 

nth.  9  p.  M  until  midnight,  aurora  between  S.  E.  and  W.  about  l.r  above  horizon 

J  2th.  Some  ptarmigan  scon. 

13th.  A  ptarmigan  seen. 

14th.  10  P.  M.  a  lunar  halo,  diameter  45". 

10th.  A  ptarmigan  shot. 

nih.   A  n.x  cmi.irhl  ;  0  P.  ,M.  u  jnuiii  ludo. 


A  J- 1' KN  I)  IX. 

ISth.  A  fox  canght;  G  P.  .M.  u  hoar's  track  ..on  in  Do,.ut  l!ay, 
19th.  A  Imre  shot ;  10  1'.  M.  a  halo  round  the  .noon. 
^Ist.  A  ptarmigan  .sliot,  nnil  a  Iiaro  soon. 
22i].  A  raven  soon. 

Si::  ^n:::z:^z7iv'  ■'"■  """"—""«"•'»*-».. 

ptarmigan  shot.  "'"'  ^^ ' '   '^"'^'^^^""'(••tfr  strongly 


137 


uU'eotod  ; 


s  of 
two 


February.  1859.    R.coa.  o.  ...  W...„.„  kk:.  os  .o.ut.  .„k  Y.ca.  Fox,  .v,x„  c..s.„.. 

HE.MA!(K.S. 


. 


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2 

4 
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7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

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18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 


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NOTKS  TO  FKURUAUY  UKCORD. 

8th.  8  P.  M.  aurora  in  tlic  S.  W. 
9th.  Some  ptarmigan  soen 

^.  j'::  ;:r;s:::r;it: :r;,;i"i« "°"- '-  --* -  ™-  - 

■    24  til.   Two  white  fo.xes  caught. 
25th.  A  wliite  fox  cauglit. 


>     I 


l;{s 


^\  I'l'K.NUIX. 


r, 

p^  *    ..''» 


:^^ 


March,  1858,     ll„,„.„  ,„■  ,,„  „,:,„„.„  ,.„.,  „,  „„,„„  ,„,  ,,„ 

UEMAKKM 


IIT   t'oX 


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tt 

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.N(/J'KS  TO  JIAKCII  UECOIU). 


-'il.    .><c'veii  i.tuniiig^ii,  and  ui.f  liaio  ,|,ot 

;;.l.   Xoon   Cuptain  Young  and  ,,art).  rctn.nud. 

4tli,    I  wflve  ptarmigan  sliot. 

fttl..  Frost  smoke  in  I'rincf  Regcnf.  Inl.t 

lOtI,.   Nine  ptarmigan  .si^ot  ;  one  hare  seel  "*'"""•  "'  ''''''''  "''  «'''^'  ^■'-— -Icr. 

14.1..   Noon    Captain  MeClintoek  and  party  rctnrned. 

J«     ■  ;t  A     ^   ''''''"'"'•"■"'''"'•''''>' -^''"t- 
a  ...u.,  .aned  lo^;!;:  i:^:;;? ,:;;;  ^:;::S^^^^-  >«^  ^^^  ...^  .eae,. .,  ,  ...  M.  r..  Wa,l.r  With 

J  ••tl'.   'I'wo  bears  seen,  and  two  i.tarmignn  .sl.ot. 

-Utii.  A  hare  seen  ;  a  ivliite  fox  eaugl.t' 

-'1st.  A  hure  seen.  • 

•^•2d.  A  liare  seen  and  a  white  fo.v  caught  •  sevn,!  ,.f       • 

•^3d.  A  hare  seen  and  a  ptarmisran  Zt    [\  l't'»'-'n,gan  seen. 

^^th.  A  ptarmigan  shot    a  "r^^  :,;':;'!":;:  '^""^"^ '  '^"-'^  «''-'^  -tirel,  tree  ^.n,  vapor. 

.5th.  10  A_M.,,r,  Walker  and  part,  retid'^"'-^^^''- 
^hiu.   iwo  hares  seen. 

asth.  A  hare  and  a  ptarmigan  shot-  8  I'   M    c     *  •     ,- 

aoth.  A  parhelion  on  each  side  of  the  sun     a  ,1!  n!''i"     "',""'  "'"'  ''"''''  '■''""■'"'''  '"'•"■"  ^'"'y  «^''H''-. 
--'  l"''^^^'-'-'  '""d  to  n-.  and  S.  W.  and  ollu'rve,  '  '  ""'  "  '""■^  ■^^■'■■"  =  "^  '"i^-slit  aurora 

«il  '•   11  I-  -M.  aurora  in  west  seen  between  land  and  observer. 


A  iM'Kxnrx. 


l:{!) 


April, 


1859.     UKruan  o,  tuk  Wkathkh  kkpt  on  noARi.  t,.«  ^■Ac..T  Fox.  unn  ,. 

llE.MAIlliH. 


4h. 

/.  (■  » 

1( 

h 

1,,- 
I, 

hr  • 

r  m  H 


K.NEriAr, 


111,. 


n  r 

h  r  .,  - 


o  z 
h 


h  r  : 

li  m 

A  n  ,■ 

„.■ 

or. 
It  r  s 

0  H 

"'■" 

o 

III  u  s  z            1 

" 

NOTKS  TO  Al'Rir,  RKC'dlU). 

..;^:.ASp'^; ,:;  ;;;;„;-•;-;:  z::::'  -' '  -  "■'  -'■■ ""  ■  -■■»■ 

4th.  A  whito  wolf  prowlinsr  about  the  sliip. 
fith.  Travelling  pnrty  detiinicd  l.v  weather 

.a.:!i'at::;:;::g,r-  "^ "'"'"'"  ^-""^ "-'  -••^"■^  ^""^  ^'^  --  -•  '•■•'"- -r  w^ies. 

9t'h'   Xotic^TdT"'  ^^f°''"'^»"M"ite  free  from  vapor;  two  p,ar„„>nn  shot. 
^^_i)tl.^Xot,ced  a  second  space  of  w„„„.  i..  ,e,lot  Strait.  s„,„l,er  and  a...,„   ,wo  n.iles  f..r,l.er  west 

10th.  A  Imrc  -ioen. 

nth.  A  hare  seen ;  thickness  of  iee  formed  since  Oct.  .Id,  C,  feet  2  inche. 
I'Stn.  A  raven  seen. 

201!;:  ^h^i!:::'^''"''^^'^''^'''^"'"-'-^''-'^^^ 

lit  A  ™ ::;:,;.  ''^""'"^  '""^"""  ''"■^ '-'''  -^  "'^•"  -  -'^"  ^'""  «'•  ^""  ^ -i^--..  a-.t ..  ..r. 

26th.  Two  hares  seen. 

2Tth.  A  hare  seen. 

28th.  A  bear  and  two  cubs  seen. 

[.No  anrora  reported.] 


11.0 


A  I' PR  XI)  I  X 


it 


If     'T 


May,  1850.     IIkuoud  ok  ti,k  We 

VrilKIl    KKIT    (J.N    IHlAKll    TlIK 
"K.M.\IIK.S. 

Vaciit  Fox,  with  oenebal 

1 

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1 

2 
3 
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14 

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O                                                   11 

15 

b                                               tt                                          I     "                     '                     "  ■"' 

1                                        " 

ii; 

17 

*           "          V;."    ' 

1                 "    ■                                  »  H 

^        ::         "         >'r-    '     ;: 

j       i 

.ft                «'"                 "                / 

A  <■ 

24 

1                  "                1                   .. 

II  s 

2r.          ;; 

l"l 

0 

n 

,"  '•  ''                        "  .'/ 

;;  V                   !■  r. 

0  H 
u 

0 

it 

it 
A  , 
Ac 

2n                          „ 

tt 

M 

0 

a:' 

0  s 

It 

0  c 

h  c 

tl 

;'"                         h  ,: 

h  <; 

(1 

t( 

0  A' 

■*'              i             ""                         osm 

(i 
it 

0  .« 

A  r 

It 
(t 

~" 

^ 

1 

NOTKS  TO  MAY  RECOUD. 
1st.  Prismatic  pnrlielion  mul  port  of  halo  on  cicli  =i,Io  nf  .i 

3cl.  Two  ravens  seen.      The  water  suZinlxfl  J  '""'  ''"•'"*  "''"'"  23'^. 

4tl..  A  white  wolf  seen.  '  '  '"'  '  "'""  "'"^■''  '""'-■"^'-'J  '"  ^Ment, 

5th.  Parhelion  and  part  of  hnlo  on  eaeh  side  of  sun 

llth.  Ice  formed  sinee  Ort    ^d   iq'^q   k  r    i  j  ■     . 

10(1,    T-        1  '  ^^^'  ^  '^^ct  4  inches;  several  hares  so,.., 

soJlh  !hr '■  ""^^^  ^^^"-     ^'"^  -""  '-'^  °^  -'-  .-iced  in'uirS-  l.ween   To.  Tsl ,  and 

13th.  Two  hares  seen  ,  8  P.  M,  fi„o  snow  fallinfr 

!"•  ,-^  ^T^  ''''"'■  '''°' ;  tip  to  tip  C  feet  1  inch, 
i.^tn.    1  wo  hares  seen. 

1  fith.  Two  hares  seen ;  part  of  Captain  Vonn^'s  party  returned 
t  .  Two  hares  seen  and  two  snow  buntings  shoJ.     '  ' 

18th.   1  wo  hares  and  some  buntings  seen. 
19lb.  Three  seals  ond  one  wolf  seen 

1^: i^oZiS'tr^'-rs '2::.:t r" "-  ^-  ^  -  -  ■>-«■«  '*.. 

two  l.arca  .een ;  ,I.o  rccci.t  track,  of  »'vi.„  ,l,o"r  ,1  °  „T«  i  "'1"  '"''"  '°""'"'  ""'  ^  '"«'■"  '"  i 

2« .  A  p.,  ,c.»,  ,„  „„.„  ,.,.„.,„„  jr,?.:  :■"""• 

Snth.  A  fo.\  seen;  also  several  buntin-rs  shot-  tln.,>„  i 

3')th.  One  bunting  seen  one  finch  .hl^'  r  '"'.-.'^"""''stors  see,,  flying  north. 

Cap...in  Voung.  "'         ""''  '''''  ^"^  "'-  -'1  ^'-V  started  for  i"e,nmican  Rock  to  foin 


APPKXPIX. 


141 


June,  1850.     l!i;i.,i(i) 

OF   TIIK    WkATIIF.H   KKIT   (in 

1"    »I1I>  TIIK    V 

A(  riT    Fox,    WITH   UENEUAL 

UEMAUKS. 

HAY. 

fill. 

•          «''.            1          ifu„„. 

4h. 

8h. 

nil. 

1 

•) 

4 

O  III  » 

o  r 

II 

m  o  H  z 

hit 

hr 

11 
11 
11 

14 
If 

11 

r, 

h 

/-  r 

ii 

1! 

7 

il 

f, 

1,  r 
It  V 
ti  r 
11 

I, 

II 

hr 

11 
11 

hi) 

il 

he 

/,  ^ 

" 

riei, 

III  II  If 

1(1 

be. 

li 

n  r 

III  0  /■ 

1,  r 

u 

h  ,- 

,, 

•  1 

h 

" 

!2 

h 

41 

/*  V 

'* 

h  ,■ ., 

h  r  r  V 

:n 

1, 

'* 

ft 

h 
II 

H 

(1 

/'   V 

II 
II 

/, 

It 
11 

11 
II 

! 

n 

(t 

II 

0  r 

///  0  r 

17 

II 

(I 

/. , 

'* 

il 

h,-^ 

18 

0 

/, 

"/ 

11 

lit 

Il  r 

(, 

c  r 

" 

m  ft  c 

hr 

ai 

II 

(1 

0  r 

1,  r 
It 

0  /  r 

hr 

11 

1!1 

o 

II 

u  r 

il 

II 

In- 

0   f 

(1 

0  i: 

h  r 

HI  u  V 

f," 

0  r 

24 

2,1 

Il  <■ 

0  f. 

i>  in 
11 

M  u  a 
1.,: 

II 

It 
it 

0   V. 

2(i 

h  r 

t( 

11 

11 

11 

27 

28 

0  s 
Il  i: 

(1 

h 

II 

11 
11 

11 
11 

29 

Il  i: 

II 

11 

II 

30 

1,  r             j 

f                           >>  c  s 

0  c 
u 

hr. 

11 

11 

tl 

„ ,      .   ,        .  NOTES  TO  J[J.\E  RKCOUD. 

2(1.  A  liiiiitinj;  seen. 

3.1    Sorao  gull3,  a  I,u„ti^^,^  „,u1  a  raven  seen  ;  black  bulb  thermometer  in  snn's  rays,  93°  in  niaximo 

4t ..  Some  ,eesc,  gnlls  and  bunting  seen  ,  a  bear  ea„,e  near  tl.e  ship  ;  a  fo.x  shot  a  on.si.  e 

5th.  So„.u  bnuting  and  a  ,ull  =-n ;  some  small  pools  of  water  to    astward  of  Fox  Island   in  the 

conrse  of  current  of  straitB;  sev,  r.  pools  of  water  to  E.  N.  E.  and  N.  E.  in  IJe^ent-.s  Inle 

'  h"  ?  nZrt      '  "  f  """,""*"'  "''^-1  of  lmrbor-llo„  feet  (aneroid) ,  a  small  eairn  on  top. 
7th.  Cpta.n\oung  returned  on  board;  a  raven,  several  ducks,  and  bunting  seen;  three  rLdeor 

cr.3ss>ng  the  .ce  to  northward;  remainder  of  Captain  Young's  part;  returned, 
imi      /  ,  "'  "  '"""'''  "'"'  "  ''""  ''"' '  "''°  '""'"  buntings  and  .sandpipers. 

vlg  ai^  t^ta  tS:'!::i;:""^^'  '^"''  ^"-"'"'"^^  ^^^"  >  ^"-^  •^"""■■^^  "-^  -"^^'l-  ^'-^ ;  Captam 
1 1  th.  Several  buntings  and  gulls  seen. 
12th.  Two  sandpipers  shot. 

a  llri^'l!!''  '''""'  "'  "■^'^^ /'^«^'>'"^''  oppoMfolia)  ;  a  fox  caught,  and  some  buntings  shot ;  a  deer 
a  I  ar  ,  some  geese,  gulls,  and  duck  seen  ;  ice  formed  since  Oct.  3.  4  feet  0  inches.  '  ' 

Ju.L      7     ""'^'°"  ""''  I""-'y  >-«""-'»''l  on  board,  bringing  documents  and  relics  of  Franklin's 

e.xp  d  tion  from  wes   sue  of  King.William's  Land  ;  some  duck  and  sandpipers  seen. 

^^^I^oth.  Ma.Mmum,  black  bulb  thermometer  in  sun's  rays,  9r.o.5 ;  three  sandpipers  shot;  .some  gulls 

Ifith.  Two  long-taileJ  dueks  and  two  sand-.ipers  shot;  some  duek,s  and  gulls  seen. 

■  S  "v'll  ',    i"      f       "''":  "''°  ■''-'  '""' '  ""°  "^'"^  ''•"'  '^°  ■«"«■'-'-'  ^l»eks  shot. 
iNtli.  oeveral  ducks  and  one  seal  seen. 

obtain'' 1  ?'''"'" ;^^'^""'°'''  "'"'  """'y  '''=^""'"'  °"  ''°"'-^''  '"•"•«!"??  "-elic^  of  Franklin's  cxi.oditinn 


i 


h    "I 


^ -j 


<  < 


y^- 1 


142 

20tli, 

2 1. St. 

22(1. 

23(1. 

2  nil. 

25tli. 
2Gtli. 
27tli. 
2Stli. 
20tli. 
30th. 


APPEXDIX. 

Two  (liieks  sliot. 
One  sen!  sliot. 

JVelvc  ducks  and  one  Imre  shot;  soal  soon. 
t've  d>,cks  and  one  red-throated  diver  shot;  a  seal  seen 
!•  onr  dncKs  and  fonr  deer  .seen. 
One  duck  and  one  diver  shot. 
One  duek  shot. 

One  duek  and  one  plover  shot,  two  deer  seen 
t  onr  plover  shot. 

One  chjer  seen  ;  two  dneks  shot ;  one  ermine  eanght 
'Several  geese  seen,  anil  a  dnck  shot. 


July,  1859.    Recoiu)  of  the  Wpxtw^mTZ  ' ' 


2d. 
3d. 
4th. 

5th. 
6th. 
7lh. 

nth 

12th 
I3th 
1 4th. 
15th. 
lOlh. 


NOTKs  TO  .,n,v  ni.;coun. 
I  wo  dneks  and  two  divers  fit. 
Four  ducks  and  two  gulls  shot. 
Three  ducks  and  one  seal  shot. 
Commenced  tide  observatiM".  „„„  J     t 
Two  hares  seen.  '  """  ^''''^'  °"''  '^''■'^''  ""^  "  silvery  g,dl  shot;  an  ermine  seen 

.   Several  lanes  oft    !  ;e''  .  k  ^     -^  ^T!  '"""^^"  "'  '""°'  «'-"- 
•  One  seal  shot.  °    "  '  '"'"  '  '"»  «'■'»'«  ^I'ot. 

One  hare  shot,  and  an  ermine  seen. 

Three  seals  shot. 

Two  ducks  shot. 


Al'J'ENDlX. 


143 


ITth. 
I. sill. 

'J4tll. 

25th. 

2(itli. 

27tli. 

L'8lli. 

2111I1. 
until  2 
5  A.  M 
••lear  of 
I'oiiit. 

30tli. 

ili-iftud 

31st. 


A  fo.\  .seen. 

A  soul  shot,  and  another  taken  from  a  bear;  u  gnll  un.l  a  duck  .hot, 

An  usnk  .seen. 

Several  (locks  of  ducks  flying  eastward. 

liellot  Straits  clear  of  ice  as  far  us  ^V(..stern  Head. 

Ice  breaking  up  around  the  shi]) ;  II  gulls  shot. 

A  large  e.\tent  of  harbor  ice  commenced  drivin.r"  out 

..  .ce  commencea  drifting  eastward  ;  9  A.  M,  ,n,.de  sail  to  '.  light  ^.'^t^^TT^'l,  l 
the  .ce,  and  proceeded  tnto  Port  Kenned,;  1,  .V.  M.,  anchorci  in  .,  ^thr:«- ib:l!vatS;;; 

Ice  breaking  away  from  head  of  harbor;  outer  harbor  almost  clear;  ir..30.' 
oul  of  the  ship;  several  gulls  shot.  ^"',11     ^u 

Two  gulls  and  one  duck  .shot. 


harbor  ice 


August,  1858.    llKcou.  or  xu.  ^V.,,nm  kk,.  o.n  .o.u.  ....  y,,.,,  ,,,,,  ,,,,„  ,,,^„  ^^ 

KE.MAltKH. 


41I. 

8h. 

'          Noon. 

m  c 

[                                     (i 

0 

j              f,  r 

0  in  r 

0  r 

r 

0  r. 

0  c 

1               h  c 

It 

b 

> 

be 

/, 

0  c 

he 

V  1: 

r 

V  V. 

0  r 

•' 

(1 

HI  H 

1                 " 

hH 

u  <•  s 

1                  f 

0  m 

' 

i                   n 

V  c 

0  f  /• 

" 

hr. 

"  C'l 

"  V 

It 

ti  r 

0  r 

(( 

m 

h 

III  r  7 

"  '•  7 

h  r. 

t 

/. 

(4 

b 

1* 

ft 

h  m 

he 

It 

0  c 

f>  t: 

It 

0  c 

n 

II  c 

,. 

4t 

he 

a 

It 

he 

ti 

he 

i( 

0  n 

n  r. 

h  e 

b 

4( 

he 

/, 

h  e 

ti 

h 
h 

l( 

he 

NOTKS  TO  AUGUST  RECORD. 
Ist.  One  seal  and  liftccn  ducks  shot;  also  two  gulls 
3d.  4''  30'"  A.  M.,  thunder.  ' 

4th.  JJcllot  Straits  and  I'ort  Kennedy  clear  of  ice 
5th.  A  seal  shot, 
(ith.  A  deer  and  two  seals  shot. 
"111.   Harbor  full  of  drift  ice. 
Sth.  Ice  stationary ;  8  1>.  M,,  ice  sotting  into  the  hurbor. 


he 

h  .■  m 

he 

r 

0  c  f/  r 

lit  r 

her, 

./' 

tf 

./■ 

h 

./'<•■ 
o  e 

h  e 

h,n 


o  e 

O     I' 
H~ 


h  III 
h  in 
m  c 

U  III 


Muliiiglit. 


o  r 

he 
h 
h 


III 

a 

0 

0  1 

r 

n  r 

'1 

III 

r 

hi, 

J 

'  1 

m  r  s 

0  III  r 
b 

0  r  s 
tf 

be 

tf 

tl 

ft 

h 

It 

h 

ft 

f( 

U-t 


AIM' END  IX. 


i-/ 


'>"■.; 


-  \ 


>  '-f 


ou  J,  u,u  1  iua,S";  off  Alt.  Oliver;  8  to  1.,  steering  between  paek  un.l  land. 

.     ;     ;  •'  '"  ''^  ^^  ■  "''"^'  '""^  !  '''«■'  "•«''^''  "™''  '"'•J'liKl't ;  rise  7*-  feet 

.  A  w, to  whale  shot,  13  feet  2  inches  long;  pack  elosing  in  CWell  iJay 
12  11.   Ice  driving  to  sonthwtstwanl;  no  water  visible  in  Cresswell  l!av  or  in  \   V  ■  a.    i 
tide  (lowed  until  nii.lnight ;  water  rose  10  feet.  ^  t.s«cii  i,a>  o.  ,n  .N.  L.  ;  a  seal  seen  ; 

13tli.  Pack  in  oiling  drivinar  sou''i"""stvnrt]  •  ti   \    \i  \  „„       .        •  -i  •     „ 

Itlh    T-t  n^"  '>"■''  '','''?'^'  ""  ■^'"■"■"■^^^"■■^"' ;  "'='»y  '1»<.-l<s  (lying  northward. 
.iL:  Lu  '     nowed  nntd  about  V^  2......  A.  M.  ;  at  S--  45...  1,  M.  Fury  iJeach  bore  W.  (true)  three 

ICth.  2|..  4j;  A.  M.  on-  IJatty  ]!ay,  free  f:-om  ice;  9  A.  M.,  off  Klwin  ]!ay;  3'.  SO-.  P  M     C.„e 
Sepimig  >     V.  1  U.,  distant  0'  ;  ice  seen  extending  from  Leopold  ].land  eastward  '       '       ' 

Ini:;^o:;:^'r'"r  tn ';::;:r  "^  ^'^^"'"  ^^ '-'-'  '-■• "'  ^°-  ^-^  ^^  ■  ^-^'"^  ^^^'-"^^"^ 

laih    4  AM.,  two  miles  off  Wollaston  Island  ;  running  among  loose  ice  ;  midnight  (10-20)  pussin- 
round  Cape  I'yam  .^lartin,  distant  4'.  °   i- 1.'-^  -o;,  passing 

JW'  """"'  ""  ""''"  '""'■'"''  '"''"''  '  ^  ■  '  '^  '""  """  ^"'^  '^"l'^  ^'-^ ;  «  1  •  ^I-  o«-  Cape  Graham 
21  St.  Xo  (loo  ice  visible. 

22d.   .Some  rotcliies  seen  ;  passed  several  bergs. 
23d.  f 5  bergs  in  sight;  saw  some  stream  ieo  in  cast ivard. 
24th.  A  few  bergs  in  sight ;  9  P.  M.,  saw  the  land  aljoiit  Swartc  Hook. 
25th.  A  finback  whale  seen  ;  rotcliies  seen. 

2(!th.   Saw  the  land  about  Mellem  Fiord;  4  P.  M,,  off  Disco  Fiord. 
27th.  2  A.  .M.,  anchored  in  (jlnihavn  Harbor  in  "Jh  fathoms, 
fc^periiic  gravity  of  sea  water — 

21,st,   1.0278.  i,4th.  1.0270. 

--•'■   l-^'-'"'-  25th.  1.0205. 

„,    ,,  ,     2-'^'-   l-"^''-'^-  2Ctli.   1.0275. 

31st.  [Aurora  slight  in  S.  \V.  (true      i  II  P.  M.—71.  of  T.  Paperf.] 


t      'S 


September,  1859. 

U ECOUU  OF 

liiE  Wkat.ikh  keit  O.N  lio.uti)  TUE  Yaciit  Fox.  with  jeneuaj. 



HE.MAUK.S. 

DAY.                         4h. 

811. 

NOOH. 

4b. 

SI'-            Midnight. 

SpBclftc  Gmv.  Ill' 
Soil  WaliT,  1.(1 

1 

be 

I( 

1, 

2 

o  c 

li  c 

(t 

II 

c 

3 

fi  r 

c 

/)  1- 

*' 

280 

4 

li 

11 

I'  III 

0  c 

272 

;■> 

1:  r 

u 

2(18 

« 

7 

c  w 

0  i: 

it 

u  r  T 
li 

0  V  y 

l<c 
({ 

ll 

(1 

2ri,S 
282 

1.  (■ 

t( 

(1 

10 

o,l, 
licit 

it 

/.  -■ 

c 

c 

hi' 

(i 

28.--, 

lino 

n 

!,,■ 

A  f  A 

It 

h  V. 

3nil 

tj 
i:! 
14 

0  r 

n  r  7 

./ 

(( 

",/■'■ 

h 

fr 

21)11 
27.'-. 
27.'-. 

ir. 

o  r 

'i  r 

<l  HI              1 

" 

'■  m 

27.'-| 

ir, 
17 

1,,, 
o  HI 

l.r 
1)  i: 

"ll'-' 

1 

'/  (■ 

"  '■  7 

hr 

28.'-, 
2illi 

1-'             1             V  r            I 

"  '. 

"  /«'  r         ; 

"  '  7 

I 

APPENDIX. 


NOTES  TO  SEPTEMEKR  RECORD. 

1st.  Proceeded  out  of  Godhavn  ;  two  whales  seen. 

2d.  I'assed  several  bergs. 

3d.  Ucrgs  seen. 

4th  to  5th.  Midnight;  si.x  bottlenoscd  whales  seen 

Ctb.  Bergs  in  sight;  passed  a  drift  pine  log;  midni.Tht,  slight  aurora  in  S.  E 

7th.  IJergs  passed  ;  u  finner  suen  ;  midnight,  aurora  in  S  W 

8th.  Bottle-nosed  whale  seen. 

9th,  Passed  piece  of  drift  pine. 

10th.  [Aurora,  10  P.  M.,  in  N.  E.-B.  of  T.  .P««m.] 

15th.  Porpoises  seen. 

I8th.  8  P.  M.,  sounded  in  8(\  fathoms. 


145 


Tabulation  of  Auroras,  witu  Observations  and  Notes,  by  Dr.  David  Walker. 
(Copied  from  the  log-book.) 


DATE. 


1857. 

Oct.  30 

Nov.  7 

8 

3 

9 

11 

9 

10 

12 

13 

14 

15 

17 

18 


Deo. 


18.')8. 
Jan.  J 

11 

12 

17 

l''eb.  -2 


I 
9 
13 
If) 
16 
17 
18 
19 


True  Direction  of  Aurora. 


S.  to  3.  S.  E. 
»S.  E. 

N.  N.  E.  to  N.  N.  W. 
i  *  K.  to  S. 

S.  E. 
*  N.  W.  to  S.  E. 

E.  N.  i;.  to  E.  S.  E. 

S.  to  zenitli. 

N  W. 

N.  E.  to  S.  E. 

E.  to  N.  E. 

sy. 

*S.  toN.  E.  aiKlE.  toN. 
E.  to  W. 

N.  W.  to  S.  E.  ,.ml  all 

round  horizon. 
S.  W. 
S.  to  E. 
S.  to  E. 

*  y.  E.  to  E.  N.  E. 
y.  E.  to  zenith. 

*  S.  S.  E.  to  y. 

*  N.  E.  to  .S.  E. 
S.  S.  E.  to  E. 

S.  S.  E.  to  E.  N.  E. 
S.  E.  to  N.  X,  K. 
S.  S.  W.  to  S.  S  E. 
S.  S.  E.  to  E. 
S.  g.  E.  to  N.  E. 


1858. 
March 


6 
8 
l(i 
17 
18 
April  9 
111 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 


True  Diitiction  of  Aurora. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Doc 


28 

29 

30 

31 

(i 

7 

8 

9 

12 

14 

3 

4 

5 
« 


*  S.  W.  hy  S.  to  E. 
S.  to  W.  N.  W. 

S.  W.  by  S.  to  N.  W. 
S.  S.  W.  to  E. 
S.  E. 

*  S.  by  W.  to  X.  E. 

*  S.  W.  to  E.  N.  E. 

*  S.  by  E.  to  E.  N.  E. 

*  E.  to  N. 

*  S.  to  E. 

*  E.  to  8.  E. 

. »  E.  l)y  S.  to  W.  S.  W. 

*  E.  to  \V.  S.  W. 

*  E.  to  S. 

*  E.  to  S. 

*  S.  to  \V. 

*  S.  S.  K.  to  W.  N.  W. 

*  S.  W'll. 

*  X.  wa. 

S.  by  E.  to  W.  S.  W. 

*  s.  w. 

*  s.  \v. 

*  S.  to  w. 

N.  to  zonitli. 

*  S.  W.  to  \V.  X.  \V. 
'f  S.  W',1. 

1"     tliroui,'h     S.     to 
W.  N.  W. 

*  S.  E.  to  X.  W. 

*  S.  E.  to  W. 


l.*58. 
Dec.     8 
12 

13 
14 
15 
24 

28 
30 
1859. 
Jan.     1 

3 

S 

9 

9 

10 

10 

11 

31 

31 

1 

8 

19 

20 

23 

2tJ 

March  ti 

30 
31 


Feb. 


True  Direction  of  Aurora. 


I      S.  E'd. 

j  *  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  through 

*  S.  S.  E.  to  W.  S.  W. 

*  E.  S.  E.  to  X.  W. 

N.  \V.  throiu.l;  S.  to  E. 
All  over  tlie  lu-.ivens. 

*  W.  by  X.  to  S.  .S.  E. 

*  W.  to  S. 

*  S.  WM. 
S.  EM. 

\V.  S.  W.  to  S.  E. 

*  \V.  to  X.  W. 

N.  to,S.  tbroML'h  zenith 

*  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  Ijy  S. 
N.  toS.  thnnijjhzonith. 

*  .S.  H.  to  VV. 

*  N.  W.  to  8.  E.  by  S. 
W.  t(.y.  E.  to  zenitli. 

*  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  by  S. 

*  S   \V',1. 

N.  to  S.  through  zenith. 
S.  to  zenith.  " 
N.  E.  to  S.  W. 
N.  toS.  tlirouLth  zenith. 
N.  X.  W.   to   H,  H.  E. 
throuiih  Zenith. 

*  W.  to  S.  \V. 
*\V. 


nigh^T,::';''  'r  T-:^  ^^^^  «"!l,l''-^'  «•■-»«  (185T..'8)  the  aurora  was  notieed  on  43 

1   d    e!.,  L^^    d:.r    "g"       S      "''';;"  "■^''^'•'f'V-""'^  °"^'^''-''  '■"  '^  "'■-''-"  ""-0  water  or  water  sky 
-n  seen  uuring  the  day.      I  lie  general  direction  of  the  remainder  was  between  N   F   nn.l  S   l/ 

^:z^;:Tn^^S'^'vi  -T'-^  "'''  ^^^" ''--  — ly  e.  ;.iS;:b:^n::i;i';^ 

Ip  tc  es  a         n  i.     .°S  "'"'""^^  '^'^'''^  ^°  '''■     '''  '"-'^  P'"-'--  --  "'ticed  in 

nf  nil        •!  ;.  ^     '      ''^  ^"'^  ''^'*'"  ^"""•'"■y  to  the  surface  wind.     On  the  wliole  stars 

of  all  magnitudes  were  d.mmed  when  viewed  through  the  aurora,  but  only  those  of  small  tgnitnci: 


4- 


146 


ArPENDlX. 


were  rtiulured  invisible.     Once  only  was  there  noticed  a  connection  between  cirrous  clouds  and  the 


KJ. 


■% 

■^ 


I,     t 


-.J 


uurorn. 


"Of  the  42  auroras  observed  during  our  winter  at  Port  Kennedy  (1858-'n)  24— marked  with  an 
asterisk— were  in  a  direction  of  a  space  of  water,  open  throughout  the  winter,  or  of  the  vapor  rising 
from  it.  More  than  this  number  miglit  be  traced  to  it,  but  of  these  24  I  am  certain.  On  the  niglits 
of  tliu  30th  and  31st  Marcli,  1859,  I  noticed  the  aurora  between  myself  and  the  land;  the  patches  of 
light  could  plainly  be  seen  a  few  feet  above  the  small  ma.ss  of  vapor  arising  from  the  water.  The 
opposite  land  was  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  miles  distant,  and  I  am  confident,  if  this  land  had  been 
sufficiently  high,  the  most  of  these  24  auroras  would  have  been  seen  suspended  but  a  short  distance 
above  the  surface  of  the  water  or  ice.  On  five  occasions  the  aurora  was  observed  to  cause  agitation 
of  the  magnectic  needle;  on  one  of  these.  Doc.  24,  1858,  I  noticed  a  vibration  of  15°;  op.  the  other  four 
times  the  vibration  was  not  much  more  than  a  degree;  four  of  these  five  occurred  when  the  curora  was 
from  south  to  north,  passing  through  the  zenith.  A  fine  wire  was  attached  to  the  fore  yard-arm  by 
insulated  supports  and  led  to  a  snow  house  with  a  connection  through  the  floe  to  the  water  beneath. 
Ifere  tlic  gold  leaf  electroscope  was  at  times  applied,  and  I  was  enabled  to  observe  the  presence  of  the 
electricity  in  the  atmosphere  and  also  the  influence  of  the  nnrora  on  the  instrument.  There  appeared 
to  occur  two  periods  of  minimum  electric  intensity  about  9  P.  M.  and  noon;  the  instrument  not  being 
sufficiently  delicate  I  could  not  be  satisfied  about  the  time  of  the  maximum.  On  the  whole  there 
seemed  to  be  more  fur  electricity  present  in  the  air  at  Port  Kennedy  than  Baffin's  Bay  or  Davis'  Strait. 
On  si.x  occasions  in  1857-'8  f  observed  a  well-marked  effect  on  the  electroscope  by  the  presence  of 
aurora,  the  gold  leaves  diverging  with  greater  force  and  remaining  so  for  a  longer  time  than  u.sual. 
On  three  occasions  at  Port  Kennedy,  when  the  aurora  was  from  horizon  to  zenith,  the  electroscope  was 
strongly  affected;  on  all  these  occasions  the  electricity  was  positive." 

[D.  W] 


PUBLISHED  BY   THE    SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION, 

WASHINGTON  CITY, 

MAY, 18G2. 


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